An anterior urethral stitch improves urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of an anterior urethral stitch, referred to as an endopelvic anterior urethral stitch (EAUS), in reducing recovery time for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. METHODS: The urinary continence recovery time for 24 patients, who received a retropubic radical prostatectomy with the EAUS procedure, was compared to that of a historical control series of 22 patients without EAUS. The EAUS is a simple 2-0 polyglactin stitch placed between the bunched dorsal vein complex and the anterior urethra. This procedure was performed at the time of urethro-vesical anastomosis. Continence recovery time was defined as the day after removal of the urethral catheter when the patient no longer required pads for incontinence. RESULTS: A significantly shorter time for continence recovery (median 8.5 days) was obtained in EAUS patients compared with that of the control series (median 72 days) (P < 0.0001). Early recovery of continence was observed in 12/24 patients (50%) within 1 week and 18/24 patients (75%) within 1 month in EAUS patients. No adverse effects or complications were observed in the EAUS patients. CONCLUSION: A surgical procedure, the EAUS, has been developed that reduces urinary incontinence in patients who have undergone a radical prostatectomy. This procedure is simple and quick and improves recovery of continence without any side-effects.     

Enhanced soft tissue repair using locking loop stitch after posterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty

Hemiarthroplasty of the hip for displaced fracture of the femoral neck (including Austin-Moore and Thompson arthroplasties) frequently is performed by orthopaedic surgeons. The posterior approach is used despite the slight increase in risk of postoperative dislocation. The outcome after dislocation can be disastrous. We tried to prevent this complication by repairing the posterior capsule and the short external rotators (piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, obturator internus, and upper part of quadratus femoris) using locking loop stitch as described by Krackow. From January 1998 to April 1999, 205 hips were operated on and followed up for >3 months; no dislocation was found. Using the past records as the comparative group, 28 posterior dislocations (1.9%) were found in 1,483 hip hemiarthroplasties using the posterior approach (P <.05 using exact probability test). Enhanced soft tissue repair with locking loop stitch is an effective way to reduce the incidence of dislocation after hip hemiarthroplasty using the posterior approach.     

Cross stitch peripheral tendon repair: a mechanical comparison with core stitch techniques

The purpose of this experimental study was to compare certain mechanical properties of a true epitendineal cross stitch suture with simple and double locking core tendon repairs. Using tensile strength and tendon lengthening until gap formation as measurement parameters, these three types of repair were tested in human flexor and extensor tendons from fresh cadavers. The peripheral cross stitch and the locked core repairs were found to have a greater lengthening capacity than the simple core suture, whereas the latter significantly better withstood axial load. Our findings established that, at least when used as a true epitendinous suture, the cross stitch technique alone was not suited for the repair of severed tendons. However, its design is particularly useful in preventing the suture site from potentially restrictive bulking.     

带线锚钉锁边缝合桥接修复急性闭合性跟腱远端断裂的临床疗效

目的：探讨带线锚钉微创治疗急性闭合性跟腱远端断裂的临床疗效。方法：自2019年7月至2021年3月,采用微创带线锚钉锁边缝合桥接修复技术治疗20例急性闭合性跟腱远端断裂患者,其中男18例,女2例;年龄19~52(40.0±9.0)岁。观察其并发症情况,并于术前和术后1年采用美国足踝外科协会踝与后足功能评分系统(American Orthopaedic Foot&Ankle Society,AOFAS)评价踝关节功能恢复情况。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间6~18(12.0±3.2)个月。所有患者切口Ⅰ期愈合,无感染及皮肤坏死发生,未出现腓肠神经损伤及下肢深静脉血栓形成,无足跟疼痛和跟腱再断裂发生,踝关节屈伸活动良好。AOFAS评分由术前的(59.0±4.3)分提高至术后1年的(95.1±2.6)分。结论：带线锚钉锁边缝合桥接修复急性闭合性跟腱远端断裂疗效确切,可降低跟腱再断裂、神经损伤、皮肤坏死等并发症,具有手术创伤小、吻合方法可靠、功能恢复好等优点,是治疗急性闭合性跟腱远端断裂的理想方法。     

The anterior loop of the carotid siphon

The extracavernous-presubarachnoid segment of the carotid artery (EPCA), medial to the clinoid process, was studied in 48 sphenoid bones. Ten specimens were submitted to microdissection; the remainders were cut in 1 mm thick slices after electrolytic decalcification. The studies showed that the EPCA has a mean length of 3.09 mm (0.5 to 6.5 mm). It has a shorter length than the whole medioclinoid (paraclinoid) segment of the artery because the subarachnoid space may enter between the artery and the clinoid process, as well as the venous space of the cavernous sinus. Venous channels of extremely small diameter were found between the EPCA and the clinoid process in 30.3% of the cases and between the EPCA and the sphenoid body in 48.6%. The distal limit of the intracavernous cartoid artery is the projection of the caudal surface of the clinoid process, which is coincident with the vertex of the anterior loop of the carotid siphon in 91.7% of the cases. The origin of the ophthalmic artery was verified to be from the EPCA in 9.7%, at the transition to the subarachnoid space in 6.5%, and intracavernous in 3.2%. Immediately proximal to the EPCA, the anterior horizontal segment of the carotid artery may be reached without entering the venous space of the cavernous sinus through the superior wall in 27.8% and through the lateral wall in 66.6%.     

Meta-analysis of elective surgical complications related to defunctioning loop ileostomy compared with loop colostomy after low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma

Introduction

Defunctioning loop ileostomy (LI) and loop colostomy (LC) are used widely to protect/treat anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. However, it is not known which surgical approach has a lower prevalence of surgical complications after low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma (LARRC).

Methods

We conducted a literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, Embase and Cochrane databases to identify studies published between 1966 and 2013 focusing on elective surgical complications related to defunctioning LI and LC undertaken to protect a distal rectal anastomosis after LARRC.

Results

Five studies (two randomized controlled trials, one prospective non-randomized trial, and two retrospective trials) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Outcomes of 1,025 patients (652 LI and 373 LC) were analyzed. After the construction of a LI or LC, there was a significantly lower prevalence of sepsis (p=0.04), prolapse (p=0.03), and parastomal hernia (p=0.02) in LI patients than in LC patients. Also, the prevalence of overall complications was significantly lower in those who received LIs compared with those who received LCs (p<0.0001). After closure of defunctioning loops, there were significantly fewer wound infections (p=0.006) and incisional hernias (p=0.007) in LI patients than in LC patients, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of overall complications.

Conclusions

The results of this meta-analysis show that a defunctioning LI may be superior to LC with respect to a lower prevalence of surgical complications after LARRC.     

Positioning of the tibial tunnel for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Two mechanisms of unintentioanl anterior tibial tunnel axis shift can occur despite accurate placement of the guide wire within the proximal tibia. The first results from using a short-block reamer head joined to a shaft of smaller diameter. If the tibial tunnel is drilled obliquely, it is possible for the reamer head to displace anteriorly in the knee joint before completion of the posterior portion of the tibial tunnel. The second mechanism of anterior shift involves using two sequential drills to create the tibial tunnel. To delineate the causes of this unwanted shift, cadaveric studies and special roentgenographic studies were undertaken. Results demonstrated that the shift is related directly to the presence of high-density bone in the tibial plateau. In an effort to minimize this effect, various drill designs were tested, and it was determined that a drill-head length of 25 mm was most effective at reducing the shift without sacrificing the freedom of movement necessary to obtain precise endosteal placement of the femoral tunnel. Along with these experimental studies, a retrospective 7-year review of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failures was performed to assess the clinical significance of inadvertent anterior positioning of the tibial tunnel.     

Ankle arthrodesis with an anterior tension plate

The incidence of complications associated with arthrodesis of the ankle has remained high, especially in wound complications and infections. A new method to achieve arthrodesis of the ankle that utilizes an anterior surgical approach and an anterior tension plate was assessed in 17 patients. This method transforms the potentially deforming force of the tendoachilles into a compressive and corrective force and facilitates realignment of the ankle in all planes. Also, dissection and subperiosteal elevation is minimized while soft tissue coverage of the hardware is maximized. Whereas the predominant preoperative diagnosis was posttraumatic degenerative joint disease, others included failed ankle arthroplasty, failed arthrodesis, and a fixed equinus deformity. A solid arthrodesis was achieved in 82% of the patients. Although complications occurred and two patients required reoperations, there were no problems with respect to wound healing or infection, which is a marked contrast to other series. This technique is recommended as a simple, safe, and effective method to achieve an arthrodesis of the ankle joint.     

A boy with an anterior mediastinal mass

A 12-year-old boy presented for biopsy of a large mediastinal mass. General anaesthesia precipitated immediate severe airway obstruction. This was overcome by the insertion of two microlaryngeal tubes, one into each main bronchus. The anaesthetic management of patients with an anterior mediastinal mass is discussed and the importance of pre-operative assessment stressed.     

人工腱索线圈治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂

目的 总结采用人工腱索线圈技术治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的经验.方法 2008年1月至2009年8月,8例二尖瓣前叶脱垂病人中男5例,女3例;年龄28～68岁,平均(56.0±8.9)岁.心功能(NYHA)Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级6例.二尖瓣前叶腱索断裂7例(其中腱索断裂合并延长2例),腱索延长1例.A1区域脱垂3例,A2 区脱垂2例,A2合并A3区脱垂3例;合并二尖瓣后叶腱索断裂2例,1例合并三房心.左室舒张末直径53～62 mm,平均(57.2±3.8)mm,射血分数(EF)0.60～0.68,平均0.63±0.02.心胸比率0.52±0.17.术中采用测量器测量腱索长度,并在测量器上制作人工腱索线圈,固定在乳头肌和瓣叶游离缘.结果 手手术死亡.1例男性病人术后第2天出现血红蛋白尿,经过碱化尿液、利尿、激素等治疗后改善.出院前复查超声心动图显示少量反流1例,微量反流7例.术后左室舒张末直径42～51 nm,平均(47.1±2.2)mm,较术前明显改善.出院后常规抗凝治疗3个月.术后随访1～19个月,平均(8.2±4.3)个月,少量反流1例,无或微量反流7例.心功能Ⅰ级6例,Ⅱ级2例,较术前明显改善.结论 人工腱索线圈治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂近期效果确切、容易复制.     

薇乔线连续双层缝合在胃肠道吻合中的应用

目的 探讨薇乔线连续双层缝合法在胃肠道吻合中的应用效果.方法 回顾性分析2005年5月至2010年5月使用薇乔线连续双层缝合行胃肠道吻合术160例(研究组)和同期应用传统丝线间断缝合术112例(对照组)的临床资料.观察所有病人住院期间吻合口出血、瘘的发生例数,及出院后6个月内部分病人胃镜随访诊断吻合口炎症、吻合口狭窄的...     

腹腔镜细注射针头套线法治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜下应用细注射针头套线法行内环口高位结扎术治疗小儿鞘膜积液的临床价值。方法对180例小儿鞘膜积液行手术治疗,在脐部正中、脐水平腹直肌旁置入5、3mm trocar各一个,在腹腔镜直视下应用10号细注射针头套线经皮穿刺到腹膜与腹横肌间隙,完全于腹膜外高位环绕结扎内环口。随访1~10月,平均6月,观察手术时间、术后疼痛、临床疗效、复发率、并发症等发生情况。结果手术时间单侧7~10min,平均8.0min;双侧12~15min,平均13.0min。患儿术后无明显疼痛,无阴囊水肿或血肿,无腹腔内出血等并发症。术后1d出院。随访1~10月,180例鞘膜积液全部治愈,无复发。腹壁、脐部切口未见明显疤痕。结论腹腔镜下细注射针头套线法治疗小儿鞘膜积液,具有手术时间短、创伤小、并发症少、外形美观、治愈率高的特点,是治疗小儿鞘膜积液的良好方法,值得推广应用。     

Remote monitoring using an induction loop

An electromagnetic induction loop is used to transmit signals from a pulse and respiration monitor to a standard National Health Service hearing aid to facilitate remote monitoring.     

Management of a parturient with an anterior sacral meningocele

Anterior sacral meningoceles are rare disorders featuring anterior herniation of the meninges through a sacral defect or foramen. They are frequently misdiagnosed as ovarian or abdominal cysts and surgical exploration has resulted in meningitis. In pregnancy it represents an obstacle to delivery of the fetus and rupture of the meningocele during vaginal delivery is a significant risk. The successful multidisciplinary management of a primiparous patient with an anterior sacral meningocele and previous abdominal surgery is presented.     

Anesthetic management of children with an anterior mediastinal mass

Study ObjectiveTo review the anesthetic management and perioperative course of children with an anterior mediastinal mass.DesignRetrospective review.SettingUniversity-affiliated children's hospital.MeasurementsThe records of 46 children presenting with an anterior mediastinal mass between October 1, 1998 and Octobber 1, 2006 were studied. Preoperative symptoms, diagnostic imaging and physical examination findings, anesthetic techniques, and perioperative complications were recorded.Main ResultsSpontaneous ventilation was maintained in 21 of 46 cases. Five patients had mild intraoperative complications, including upper airway obstruction, mild oxyhemoglobin desaturation, wheezing, partial airway obstruction, and a pneumothorax after mediastinal mass biopsy. There were no serious complications or perioperative deaths.ConclusionsChildren with a symptomatic anterior mediastinal mass underwent general anesthesia without serious complications. Spontaneous ventilation was preferred for all patients with severe airway compression.     

食管胃吻合旋转包埋缝缩法抗胃食管反流的临床研究

目的 探讨食管胃吻合旋转包埋缝缩法和食管胃吻合包埋缝缩法在食管下端癌及贲门癌术后胃食管反流发生率的差异。方法 对分别采用食管胃吻合旋转包埋缝缩法和食管胃吻合包埋缝缩法（对照组）各25例术后1－3个月进行随访。结果 食管胃吻合旋转包埋缝缩法术后的胃食管反流临床症状明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;钡餐结果食管胃吻合旋转包埋缝缩法发生胃食管反流的机率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;pH监测结果食管胃吻合旋转包埋缝缩法与对照组有显著性差异（P＜0.05）;结论 食管胃吻合旋转包埋缝缩法能有效抗胃食管反流,术后病人生活质量明显提高。