盐酸恩丹西酮预防小儿斜视矫正术后恶心呕吐的临床研究

目的探讨应用高选择性5-HT3受体拮抗剂盐酸恩丹西酮(以下简称恩丹)预防小儿斜视矫正术后恶心呕吐的效果.方法选择3～10岁择期行斜视矫正术的患儿60例随机分为A组(对照组,n=30):手术结束前10 min静脉注射生理盐水5 ml;B组(恩丹组,n=30):手术结束前10 min静脉注射恩丹0.2 mg/kg.观察每组患儿术后8 h和24 h恶心呕吐发生率及严重程度.结果术后8 h和24 h内恩丹组恶心呕吐发生率及严重程度均显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论盐酸恩丹西酮能有效预防小儿斜视矫正术后恶心呕吐的发生.     

托烷司琼复合地塞米松对扁桃体切除术患儿术后恶心呕吐的预防效果

目的 比较托烷司琼或氟哌利多复合地塞米松对扁桃体切除术患儿术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的预防效果。方法 选择东南大学附属中大医院江北院区2017年1月至2018年1月择期行双侧扁桃体（或合并腺样体）切除术患儿240例,随机分为地塞米松组（D组）、托烷司琼复合地塞米松组（TD组）与氟哌利多复合地塞米松组（FD组）,每组80例。在麻醉诱导时,D组静脉注射地塞米松250 μg/kg、TD组静脉注射托烷司琼100 μg/kg+地塞米松250 μg/kg,FD组静脉注射氟哌利多10 μg/kg+地塞米松250 μg/kg。分析3组患儿术后24 h内PONV、术后呕吐（POV）及24 h后PONV、POV的差异。结果 TD组患儿24 h内PONV、24 h内POV、补救呕吐的发生率均低于D、FD组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.017）;D、FD组患儿24 h内PONV、24 h内POV、补救呕吐的发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.017）。结论 托烷司琼复合地塞米松可以降低扁桃体切除术患儿PONV的发生。     

Self-induced vomiting. Psychiatric considerations

Self-induced vomiting has been associated with the psychiatric diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and a newly proposed disorder named bulimia. Two patients with a self-induced vomiting compulsion did not fulfill criteria for either of these diagnoses. One patient had an affective disorder, and the other had no psychiatric illness, but the habit had developed as a weight control measure. Systematic studies of these symptoms are not available. Clinical diagnostic decisions should not be base on one outstanding sign or symptom, eg, self-induced vomiting, unless research clearly relates the sign or symptom to only one disorder.     

Audit of surgical delay in relationship to outcome after proximal femoral fracture.

To ascertain the influence of surgical delay on outcome after proximal femoral fracture in elderly females, a cohort study of patients presenting in 1987 was compared to 1989/90. Organisational changes in the intervening period were introduced to reduce delay to surgical intervention. Two hundred and eighty females aged 65 years and over presenting from the local catchment area of an acute inner-city teaching hospital were enrolled in the study. Seventy-nine patients received surgery in 1987 and 186 in 1989/90. The one year mortality was 34% and 26% respectively. The proportion receiving surgery within 24 hours rose from 34% in 1987 to 57% in 1989/90. The relative hazard of the group receiving surgery on day 2 in comparison to day 1 was 1.7 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.9) when adjusted for co-variance of age and mental score. Medically fit elderly patients presenting with proximal femoral fracture have improved survival with early surgery within 24 hours of admission. Improvements in the organisation of hospital care will result in important benefits for the increasing number of elderly females presenting with proximal femoral fracture.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐相关因素分析

选取2004年7月至2005年1月在我科行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)病人150例,探讨LC术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生的相关因素。PONV与性别、术后阿片类镇痛药物的应用显著相关(P<0.01);与术后高血压、肥胖程度相关(P<0.05);年龄、手术时间、气腹时间、术后肛门排气时间、术后活动时间和应用抗生素种类不同与PONV无明显相关。     

Self-induced vomiting and laxative and diuretic use among teenagers. Precursors of the binge-purge syndrome?

Bulimia (binge-purge syndrome) is a recently described but apparently common eating disorder. Purging behaviors associated with bulimia can cause serious medical complications. Prevalence data on purging behaviors are lacking for younger adolescents. A survey was conducted with 1,728 tenth-grade students to assess their attitudes about eating, dieting, weight control, and frequency of purging. Height, weight, and skin-fold thicknesses were also measured. Thirteen percent reported purging behavior. Female purgers outnumbered male purgers 2 to 1. Male purgers were significantly heavier than male nonpurgers and had significantly greater skin-fold thicknesses and weight/height2 ratios. Both male and female purgers felt guiltier after eating large amounts of food, counted calories more often, dieted more frequently, and exercised less than nonpurgers. Our findings suggest that an alarming number of young adolescents may employ unhealthy weight regulation strategies. Physicians who see adolescents should look for the presence of the attitudes and behaviors that characterize bulimia; this will enhance the likelihood of detection of the disorder and prevention of its complications.