镁对哮喘患者外周血CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞凋亡及Foxp3表达的影响

目的:观察镁对分离培养的健康人和哮喘患者外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺调节性T细胞凋亡及叉头框蛋白3(Foxp3)表达的影响。方法:经磁珠分离法分离出健康人和哮喘患者外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺T细胞,分镁剂干预组(10 mmol/L)及空白组培养72 h后,用流式细胞仪检测CD4⁺CD25⁺T细胞的凋亡率及Foxp3表达情况。结果:(1)健康人外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺T细胞的纯度为77.4％~92.3%,哮喘患者CD4⁺CD25⁺T细胞的纯度为75.2％~93.8％。(2)CD4⁺CD25⁺T细胞占外周血CD4⁺T细胞的比例在健康组为4.12%~7.98%,在哮喘组为4.51%~8.68%,两者没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。(3)镁(10mmol/L)可以诱导健康组及哮喘组外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺T细胞凋亡率增加(P＜0.05),但对Foxp3的表达无影响(P＞0.05)。结论:镁促进CD4⁺CD25⁺T调节细胞凋亡增加可能为其治疗支气管哮喘的作用机制之一。     

CCR4 memory CD4+ T lymphocytes are increased in peripheral blood and lesional skin from patients with atopic dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported that TH1 and TH2 cells express CXCR3 and CCR4, respectively. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to assess the association of CCR4 and CXCR3 expression with TH2 and TH1 cells and association of CCR4 and CXCR3 expression with inflammation in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS: Intracellular cytokine production and chemokine receptor expression in blood T cells were examined by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical expression of chemokine receptors was also investigated in chronically lesional skin. RESULTS: CCR4+ and CXCR3+ CD4+ T cells predominantly produced IL-4 and IFN-gamma, respectively. Although the frequency of CXCR3+ cells among CD4+ CD45RO+ T cells was similar for patients with AD (n = 29) and healthy control subjects (n = 19), patients with severe AD (n = 14) had a reduced frequency of CXCR3+ cells. In contrast, the frequency of CCR4+ cells and the CCR4/CXCR3 ratio were higher in patients with AD (n = 22) than healthy control subjects (n = 16) and correlated with disease severity of AD. The frequency of CCR4+ cells correlated positively with eosinophil numbers and serum IgE levels, whereas the frequency of CXCR3+ cells correlated inversely with eosinophil numbers. The frequency of CCR4+ or CXCR3+ cells was similar in patients with psoriasis (n = 6) and healthy control subjects. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the frequency of CCR4+ cells among CD4+ T cells in chronically lesional skin of patients with AD (n = 9) was higher than that of patients with psoriasis (n = 4). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest the association of CCR4 expression with TH2 cells, the predominance of CCR4+ cells in blood from patients with AD, and an important role of CCR4 in the migration of TH2 cells from blood into AD lesional skin.     

支气管哮喘病人CD4+T细胞CD25、CD30表达状况

目的：通过观察哮喘病人外周血CD4⁺T细胞CD25、CD30表达水平，了解哮喘病人T细胞活化状态。方法：将分离出的CD4⁺T细胞分别用PPD、PHA刺激，最后用流式细胞仪检测抗原刺激前后细胞表面CD25、CD30表达水平。结果：①哮喘病人CD4⁺T细胞CD25、CD30自然表达比率均低于健康对照（P<0.05、P<0.05）。②用PHA刺激哮喘病人CD4⁺T细胞后，CD25表达水平明显高于健康对照（P<0.01），但CD30表达无差异。③PPD刺激组CD25、CD30表达与健康对照间无差异。结论：哮喘病人CD4⁺T细胞活化状态明显异常。哮喘病人的CD4⁺T细胞无刺激因素时，活化水平低下，但接受刺激后表现出高水平的活化状态。     

Decreased CD4+CD25+ T cells in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Recent animal studies have shown that CD4+CD25+ T cells play a crucial role in the suppression of the immune response and that depletion of this subset of T cells might lead to development of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ninety-four SLE patients, 52 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. A flowcytometric method was applied in the measurement of CD4+CD25+ T cells. The results showed that patients with SLE had statistically lower levels of CD4+CD25+ T cells than did normal controls, when expressed as either percentages of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (mean +/- SD, 8.49 +/- 6.36 versus 11.11 +/- 4.58%, P < 0.05) or absolute cell numbers (98.77 +/- 97.52 versus 213.93 +/- 104.52 cells/mm3, P < 0.05). In terms of CD25brightCD4+ T cells, defined as having a fluorescence intensity of CD25 expression exceeding 100, SLE patients still had significantly lower levels than did normal controls expressed as percentages of PBMCs (1.76 +/- 1.32 versus 3.73 +/- 1.30%, P < 0.05). No significant differences could be found between RA patients and normal controls. The overwhelming majority of CD4+CD25+ T cells belonged to CD45RO+ cells and most did not express the CD69 molecule. Although decreased CD4+CD25+ T cells were found in SLE patients, we failed to find a significant correlation between the levels of CD4+CD25+ T cells and disease activities of SLE. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that patients with SLE had decreased CD4+CD25+ T cells. However, the exact role of the decreased CD4+CD25+ T cells in the pathogenesis of SLE remains to be elucidated.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患者CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞水平变化

目的 观察急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者外周血中CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)的变化,探讨其临床意义.方法 收集47例ALL初诊患者组、13例经化疗完全缓解组、9例未缓解组及20例健康对照组抗凝血,采用流式细胞仪检测CD4+ CD25+ Treg的水平.结果 CD4+ CD25+ Treg比例在ALL初...     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的变化和意义

目的 观察慢性乙型肝炎感染者外周血CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞(Treg)的频率,特征性表型及与临床指标的相关性.方法 采集44例慢性乙型肝炎,29例健康人外周血,多色流式分析Treg的频率,CD4 CD25 Foxp3 调节性T细胞的频率.所有病例均经酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb和HBcAb,实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测血清HBV DNA载量及肝功能的检测.结果 慢性乙型肝炎组Treg的频率(5.02%±2.07%)显著高于正常对照组(3.35%±1.51%,P＜0.05);Foxp3在Treg上特异性表达,慢性乙型肝炎组CD4 CD25 Foxp3 调节性T细胞的频率(2.05%±1.03%)显著高于正常对照组(1.30%±0.68%,P＜0.05);慢性乙型肝炎组Treg的频率与病毒载量呈正相关.结论 Treg在慢性乙型肝炎感染者中明显增高,并与病毒载量相关,提示Treg在慢性乙型肝炎中担负着重要的免疫调节作用,可能是造成乙肝病毒感染慢性化的重要因素.     

浆细胞性乳腺炎患者外周血CD4+CD25+CD127-调节性T细胞变化

目的:观察浆细胞性乳腺炎(Plasma cell mastitis,PCM)患者外周血CD4+ CD25+ CD127-调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+ CD127-Treg)数量和功能变化,以探讨PCM免疫病理机制.方法:将58例浆细胞乳腺炎患者分成三组:其中急性组13例(22％)、亚急性组25例(43％)和慢性组20例(34％).并设正常对照组20例及乳腺癌对照组16例.以流式细胞术检测各型PCM患者外周血中CD4 +CD25+ CD127 Treg细胞百分率;实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测转录因子Foxp3表达及ELISA检测TGF-β水平.结果:三组PCM组与正常组相比,外周血CD4+ CD25+ CD127 Treg数量,外周血PBMC中Foxp3表达及血浆TGF-β水平均下降(P＜0.05),其中急性PCM组下降最为明显(P＜0.01),乳腺癌组三项指标均升高(P＜0.05).结论:浆细胞性乳腺炎患者的CD4+ CD25+ CD127-Treg数量及功能有所下降.     

CD4+/CD25+T细胞与哮喘发病关联性的实验研究

目的观察CD4 /CD25 调节T细胞及其他T细胞亚群与小鼠哮喘发病的相关性,旨在初步探讨调节T细胞参与哮喘发病的可能机制.方法应用流式细胞术检测小鼠正常对照组,哮喘模型/CD25 调节T细胞及T细胞亚群表达状况,同时应用放射免疫法测定各组TXB2和 组及治疗组CD4/CD25 的T细胞亚群显著低于正常对 、CD4 和CD4 SOD的含量.结果哮喘小鼠脾脏单个核中CD3/CD25 及CD4 均较哮喘组升高(P＜0.05).而小鼠哮喘组TXB2水平异常 照组(P＜0.01),治疗组CD4增高和SOD的减少均可被血栓素合成酶抑制剂特异性阻断.结论提示小鼠发病时免疫功能紊乱与T/CD25 参与调节性相关,而TXB2和氧自由基是哮喘发病的炎性介质,介导和参与 细胞亚群变化及CD4哮喘的发生和发展,用TXB2合成酶抑制剂不仅可抑制TXB2,同时也影响氧自由基的产生.     

恶性肿瘤患者CD4+CD25+/CD4+CD25high调节性T细胞的研究

目的：探讨恶性肿瘤患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋/CD4^＋CD25^high调节性T细胞（Regulatory T cell，Treg）水平的特点及其临床意义。方法：采用流式细胞术检测Treg水平，并进行分层分析。结果：62例恶性肿瘤患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋/CD4^＋CD25^high Treg占T细胞的百分比分别为19.61%±8.17%和4.20%±1.90%，高于正常对照组（分别为P〈0.05和P〈0.001），它们与NK细胞呈负相关（r分别为-0.2361和-0.306）。随疾病进展，CD4^＋ CD25^＋Treg水平升高，肿瘤进展期（IV期）与前3期比较有极显著差异（P〈0.001）。CD4^＋CD25^high Treg占CD4＋T细胞的百分比率逐渐升高，中期（Ⅲ期）患者与早期患者、正常对照组比较有极显著差异（P〈0.001）；晚期患者与中期患者比较有极显著差异（P〈0.001）。结论：恶性肿瘤患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋/CD4^＋CD25^high Treg水平的升高，与恶性肿瘤免疫功能低下及肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。     

Regulatory CD4+ T cells in allergic asthma

Active suppression by regulatory T cells (T_regs) appears to play a key role in the downregulation of T-cell responses to foreign antigens. Several subtypes of T_regs have been described but their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Recent data demonstrate that the suppressive capacity of natural T_regs could be associated with cytotoxicity due to the release of granzymes, which are capable of apoptosis induction in target effector T lymphocytes and in antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells. The mechanism of such nonspecific T_regs is discussed. Peptide immunotherapy is thought to induce regulatory cells capable of suppressing autoimmune and allergic diseases. We have recently optimized a vaccination strategy by which cytotoxic antigen-specific adaptive T_regs can be elicited towards allergens involved in allergic asthma. Such a strategy could be of value in the treatment of allergic asthma.     

初发系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+和CD4~+CD25~-Foxp3~+T细胞

目的：研究初发系统性红斑狼疮患者（Systemic lupus elythematosus，SLE）外周血CD4^＋T细胞中CD25和Foxp3表达及其在SLE发病中的意义。方法：根据SLE疾病活动积分（SLEDAI）将初发SLE患者分为活动组（10例）和不活动组（11例），流式细胞仪检测治疗前后外周血CD4^＋T细胞中CD25、Foxp3和CD127表达百分率，并对其与SLE临床活动度、尿蛋白、补体和anti-ds-DNA相关性进行研究。结果：初发活动组和不活动组SLE患者CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞表达百分率分别为（1．91％～6．75％）和（2．74％～7．01％），与正常对照（2．11％～9．90％）相比没有统计学差异（P=0．524，P=0．794）；且初发SLE患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞在体外增殖反应和增殖抑制功能与正常对照相比无明显差别（P=0．174，P=0．689）；外周血CD4^＋CD25^-Foxp3^＋T细胞百分率在初发活动组（3．71％～10．94％）和不活动组（2．97％～7．69％）SLE患者均比正常对照（1．01％～3．62％）显著增高（P〈0．01和P〈0．01）；而CD4^＋CD2^＋Foxp34^-T百分率在初发活动组SLE患者（1．19％～9．23％）显著低于正常对照（2．67％～11．26％）和初发不活动组SLE患者（3．73～8．27％）（P=0．039，P=0．048）；与CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞类似，90％左右的CD4^＋CD25一Foxp3^＋T细胞不表达或低表达CD127，其百分率与anti-ds-DNA浓度呈正相关，且尽管未达到统计学意义，但激素和免疫抑制治疗后其水平下降。结论：初发未经治疗的SLE患者CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞数量和功能无明显异常，而CD4^＋CD25^-Foxp3^＋T细胞数量增多，与SLE疾病活动相关，可能具有调节功能。     

Expansion of regulatory T cells from umbilical cord blood and adult peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ T cells

CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg), if properly expanded from umbilical cord blood (UCB), may provide a promising immunotherapeutic tool. Our previous data demonstrated that UCB CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells with 4-day stimulation have comparable phenotypes and suppressive function to that of adult peripheral blood (APB) CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells. We further examined whether 2-week culture would achieve higher expansion levels of Tregs. UCB CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells and their APB counterparts were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in the presence of IL-2 or IL-15 for 2 weeks. The cell proliferation and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression were examined. The function of the expanded cells was then investigated by suppressive assay. IL-21 was applied to study whether it counteracts the function of UCB and APB CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells. The results indicate that UCB CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells expanded much better than their APB counterparts. IL-2 was superior to expand UCB and APB Tregs for 2 weeks than IL-15. FoxP3 expression which peaked on Day 10–14 was comparable. Most importantly, expanded UCB Tregs showed greater suppressive function in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. The addition of IL-21, however, counteracted the suppressive function of expanded UCB and APB Tregs. The results support using UCB as a source of Treg cells.     

糖皮质激素吸入对哮喘患儿外周血CD4+CD25+ 调节性T细胞水平的影响

目的： 探讨糖皮质激素吸入对哮喘患儿外周血CD4+CD25+ 调节性T细胞（Tr）水平的影响。方法：采用糖皮质激素吸入治疗70例发作期哮喘患儿,应用流式细胞术检测患儿外周血的Tr细胞数。结果：糖皮质激素规则治疗后患儿外周血CD4+CD25+Tr水平（7.05%±1.61%）明显高于治疗前（5.62%±1.29%）,P<0.01。完全控制组患儿外周血CD4+CD25+Tr水平最高（7.56%±1.88%）,部分控制组患儿次之（7.09%±1.23%）,控制不佳组患儿最低（6.11%±1.96%）,差异均显著,P<0.05。经激素规则治疗的患儿外周血Tr水平（7.05%±1.61%）明显高于不规则治疗组患儿（5.91%±1.76%）,P<0.01。结论：规则使用糖皮质激素吸入疗法可明显提高哮喘患儿外周血Tr水平,Tr水平与哮喘的激素治疗效果有关。     

中国恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)外周血CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞的研究

目的:研究中国恒河猴外周血中CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞亚群及其分布频率。方法:利用流式细胞术对50只中国恒河猴外周血CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞进行了分析。结果:发现所有被检测的恒河猴个体中均存在明显的CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞亚群;CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞大约占CD4 T淋巴细胞的9.1%(变化范围为2.6%～18.1%);其中CD4 CD25highT淋巴细胞约占2.5%(0.3%～5.5%)。对不同年龄和性别个体中CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞频率的初步分析未发现统计学上有年龄或性别差异。结论:中国恒河猴可用于与CD4 CD25 T细胞相关的人类疾病的研究中。     

卡介菌多糖核酸提高复发性生殖器疱疹患者CD8+ T细胞的细胞因子表达

目的　研究卡介菌多糖核酸 (BCG PSN)对复发性生殖器疱疹 (RGH)患者外周血CD8 T细胞IL 12、IFN γ、IL 4表达的影响。方法　应用流式细胞仪对 4 5例RGH患者和 15名健康志愿者外周血CD8 T细胞IL 12、IFN γ和IL 4的表达进行检测。结果　治疗前RGH患者外周血IFN γ和IL 12阳性CD8 T细胞百分率均显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Tc1 Tc2平衡失调 (P <0 .0 5 )。治疗后BCG PSN组外周血IL 12和IFN γ阳性CD8 T细胞百分率显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Tc1 Tc2恢复平衡。病例对照组IL 12、IFN γ及IL 4阳性CD8 T细胞百分率于治疗前后变化差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。BCG PSN组与病例对照组治疗前后IL 12、IFN γ阳性CD8 T细胞百分率间差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。BCG PSN组复发率较低 ,复发病情较轻。结论　RGH患者存在以Tc1水平低下为主的Tc1 Tc2比例失衡和IL 12表达水平低下 ;BCG PSN通过上调外周血CD8 T细胞IFN γ、IL 12的表达 ,纠正机体细胞因子失衡状态而减少疾病的复发     

CD8 T cell priming by B lymphocytes is CD4 help dependent

While it is generally accepted that B lymphocytes can present antigen and activate CD4 T cells, priming of CD8 T cells by B lymphocytes remains controversial. Recently, we showed that mice injected with genetically programmed B lymphocytes generate antigen specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in vivo that could also be induced in mice lacking functional dendritic cells. To gain further insights into the requirements for T cell priming by antigen-presenting B lymphocytes, in vitro experiments were performed using ovalbumin (OVA) and OVA-specific TCR-transgenic CD4 and CD8 T cells. We found that while B lymphocytes can directly prime CD4 T cells, the activation of CD8 T cells requires T cell help. Transfer experiments show that help can either be contact dependent or be mediated by soluble factors in the supernatants of activated OVA-specific CD4 T cells. Furthermore, the effect of activated CD4 T cells can be replaced by soluble recombinant IL-4. Collectively, the data show the existence of different requirements for priming of CD4 and CD8 T cells and point to the previously unappreciated fact that the induction of CD8 T cell responses by B lymphocytes requires T cell help.     

A profile of TNFR2+ regulatory T cells and CD103+ dendritic cells in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma

The interaction of tolerogenic CD103⁺ dendritic cells (DCs) with regulatory T (Tregs) cells modulates immune responses by inducing immune tolerance. Hence, we determined the proportion of these cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of asthmatic patients. We observed lower trends of CD11b^-CD103⁺ DCs and CD86 within CD11b^-CD103⁺ DCs, while increased levels of Foxp3 expressing CD25^+/-TNFR2⁺ cells in asthmatics. There was a positive correlation in the expression of Foxp3 within CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺TNFR2⁺ Tregs and CD11b^-CD103⁺ as well as the expression of CD86 within HLA-DR⁺CD11c⁺CD11b^-CD103⁺ DCs. In conclusion, we suggest that the increased levels of Tregs in blood could continuously suppress the T helper 2 (Th2) cells activation in the circulation which is also supported by the increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TNF. Overall, functional immunoregulation of the regulatory cells, particularly Tregs, exhibit immune suppression and induce immune tolerance linked with the immune activation by the antigen presenting cells (APC).     

The frequency of regulatory CD3+CD8+CD28- CD25+ T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood increases with age

Aging is commonly associated with immune deficiency and dysregulation. The aging of the immune system involves a progressive reduction in na?ve T cell output associated with thymic involution and peripheral expansion of oligoclonal memory T cells. We have investigated frequency, phenotype, and function of CD3+CD8+CD28(-)CD25+ T cells in healthy volunteers over a wide age range. We demonstrate that the frequency of CD3+CD8+CD28(-)CD25+ T cells in healthy volunteers increases with age. Peripheral CD3+CD8+CD28(-)CD25+ T cells share phenotypic and functional features with CD3+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs): In particular, they strongly express CTLA-4 and forkhead box P3. We observed that in vitro, functional titration assays of CD3+CD8+CD28(-)CD25+ T cells show equivalent regulatory function in young and elderly donors, with suppression of proliferation and cytokine production in response to polyclonal T cell stimulation. Finally, CD3+CD8+CD28(-)CD25+ T cells seem to specifically express the CD122 receptor. Altogether, these observations demonstrate an increase in peripheral blood CD8+ Tregs associated with aging.