肝素治疗不稳定心绞痛临床观察

对１８０例不稳定心绞痛随机单盲分为常规治疗（对照组）及常规＋肝素治疗（肝素组）。结果显示，肝素组１周显效率４４．８％，总有效率６７．８％；２周总有效率９３．２％，高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２周显效率８７．３％，明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０，０１）。住院期间心肌梗塞发生率：肝素组３．５％，对照组７．５％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在院期间病死率：肝素组２．３％，对照组３．２％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。肝素治疗未见明显不良反应。认为肝素与常规药物并用治疗不稳定心绞痛，能迅速控制心绞痛，对降低心肌梗塞发生可能有益。     

环孢素A对难治性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的疗效探讨

目的　探讨环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）治疗难治性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜（ＩＴＰ）的疗效。方法　对１７ 例用ＣｓＡ或ＣｓＡ加维持量激素治疗，剂量为４ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ） ，疗程３ 个月，显效后逐渐减量维持治疗２ ～３ 个月。结果　显效６例，良效３ 例，无效８ 例。总有效率为５２．９ ％（９／１１）。ＣｓＡ 的疗效与治疗前巨核细胞数量有关，６ 例显效病例中４例治疗前巨核细胞数正常，２ 例巨核细胞减少。８ 例无效病例治疗前巨核细胞数量均有明显增多。结论　ＣｓＡ 可作为难治性ＩＴＰ的治疗手段之一，对治疗前巨核细胞数量正常的患者疗效较好。     

脾照射治疗老年特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床和实验研究

目的：为评价脾照射治疗老年特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ＩＴＰ）的临床疗效与细胞生物学机制。方法对２１例激素耐药性重症ＩＴＰ老年病人进行总剂量１５Ｇｙ－２０Ｇｙ脾照射治疗,并用流式细胞术和脾病理切片方法研究脾照射对ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ鼠脾淋巴细胞亚群的影响。结果６／２１例缓解,６／２１显效,４／２１例有效,５／２１例无效。１５Ｇｙ和２０Ｇ对ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ鼠脾照射后,脾ＣＤ８辐射损伤率分别是４７．６％,和５３．２％     

灭幽灵治疗消化性溃疡伴幽门螺旋杆菌阳性(郁热证)80例临床疗效观察

灭幽灵散剂治疗消化性溃疡活动期伴幽门螺杆菌阳性、辨证为郁热证８０例（治疗组）．并与用得乐冲剂治疗的２８例作对照（对照组），６周为１疗程。结果：中医证候疗效比较，治疗组治愈＋显效率８５．０％，总有效率９３．８％；对照组治愈＋显效率６６．９％，总有效率８２．１％。溃疡疗效比较：治疗组治愈＋显效率８０．０％，总有效率８７．５％；对照组治愈＋显效率６０．７％，总有效率７５．０％。两组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。幽门螺旋杆菌疗效比较：治疗组清除率７１．２％，对照组６７．９％，两组比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。说明灭幽灵散剂对改善症状、愈合溃疡疗效明显优于得乐冲剂。远期疗效；治疗组溃疡复发率２１．０％，对照组为２３．０％。幽门螺杆菌两项检查复发率两组分别为２８．５％、３０．８％，相比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。此结果说明溃疡复发与幽门螺杆菌密切相关。     

乳果糖溶液对老年便秘158例疗效观察

目的观察乳果糖对老年便秘的疗效。方法１５８例老年便秘口服乳果糖溶液１５～３０ｍｌ／ｄ，清洗１周，服药２周，停药１周继续观察排便次数，粪便性状等。结果（１）凡口服乳果糖溶液１５～３０ｍｌ／ｄ，２４小时起始通便者占６１％，４８小时通便占２８％，７２小时通便占８．２％。（χ２＝５．９９１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）显效６０．１％，有效３３．６％，无效６．３％。（３）出现腹痛不适不良反应为１０．１％。调整剂量后消失。结论老年便秘口服乳果糖溶液起始剂量以１５～３０ｍｌ／ｄ为宜。现以排便次数增加３次／天以上，粪质变软、量多者为总有效，则总有效率为９３．７％。     

老年与老年前期消化性溃疡临床对比分析

目的研究老年人消化性溃疡的临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院１９９１年至１９９５年收治的２４６例老年人消化性溃疡，与同期住院的２８７例老年前期患者作对比。结果老年胃溃疡占同期胃溃疡住院人数的构成比已由１９９１年的２６．１％上升至１９９５年的３５．６％。老年组无规律性上腹痛，恶心呕吐，腹胀，体重减轻，黑便分别为４８．０％，５６．９％，４７．２％，３３．３％，４１．１％，高于对照组（分别为２５．８％，３３．５％，２５．１％，１７．１％，２８．９％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。老年组并发大出血２１．６％，急性穿孔２１．３％，幽门梗阻９．８％；对照组分别为１０．１％，１３．９％，１７．４％。２组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）。老年组溃疡大于２．５ｃｍ者占２３．２％，多于对照组（１２．５％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论老年人胃溃疡发病率逐年上升，症状体征不典型，并发出血及穿孔多且严重，巨大溃疡较多     

氨氯地平对高血压病人胰岛素敏感性的影响

为探讨氨氯地平对高血压病人胰岛素敏感性的干预作用。我们测定２２例高血压病人，２２例正常血压者胰岛素敏感性以及高血压病患者氨氯地平治疗后（剂量５～１０ｍｌ／ｄ，疗程４周）的胰岛素敏感性变化。以正常血糖胰岛素钳夹技术测定葡萄糖代谢率作为胰岛素敏感性指标。结果发现：（１）高血压病人氨氯地平治疗后血压比治疗前有显著降低［收缩压：１７．４±１．５ｋＰａ（１３１±１１．３ｍｍＨｇ）比２１．３±２；３ｋＰａ（１６０±１７．５ｍｍＨｇ），Ｐ＜０．０１；舒张压：１０．３±１．０ｋＰａ（７７±７．５ｍｍＨｇ）比１２．５±１．６ｋＰａ（９４±１１．７ｍｍＨｇ），Ｐ＜０．０１］，总有效率达９０；９％；（２）合并胰岛素敏感性降低的高血压病人治疗后葡萄糖代谢率明显增高（４．８４±０．６７ｍｇｋｇ－１／ｍｉｎ比６．３５±１．２８ｍｇｋｇ－１／ｍｉｎ，Ｐ＜０．０１），而胰岛素敏感性正常的高血压病人治疗后葡萄糖代谢率无明显变化（８．３５±１．０５ｍｇｋｇ－１／ｒｎｉｎ比８．７６±０．９９ｍｇｋｇ－１／ｍｉｎ，Ｐ＞０．０５），胰岛素敏感性降低的高血压病人治疗后有１０例（８３．３％）葡萄糖代谢率恢复正常；（３）高血压病人不论是否合并肥胖，只要是     

固环胶囊治疗宫内节育器致出血的疗效观察

应用固环胶囊治疗宫内节育器（ＩＵＤ）致出血副反应４３例,痊愈１５例,占３４．９％;显效２０例,占４６．５％;有效６例,占１４％,总显效率８１．４％,总有效率９５．３％。用药后月经血量,经期天数较用药前均明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）;血红蛋白较用药前有明显性增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,并能明显改善治疗前的主要症状,表明固环胶囊是治疗ＩＵＤ致出血副反应的良好药物。     

尿激酶和前列腺素E1联合溶解深静脉血栓的临床研究

目的：观察静脉内联用尿激酶（ＵＫ）和前列腺素Ｅ１（ＰＧＥ１）对下肢深静脉血栓（ＤＶＴ）患者的溶栓效果。方法：将８９例经静脉造影确诊为ＤＶＴ患者分为联合溶栓组［ＵＫ＋ＰＧＥ１ｎ＝５１，第１组（病程＜２周）：先静脉注射ＵＫ１０万ＩＵ，接着静脉滴注ＵＫ（３万ＩＵ／ｈ）及ＰＧＥ１（１００μｇ／ｄ）持续２～３天，之后持续静脉滴注肝素钠５～７天，再服用华法林（使凝血酶原时间为基础对照的１．５～２．０倍）３～６个月；第２组（病程＞２周）：静脉注射ＵＫ１０万ＩＵ后，静脉滴注ＵＫ２０万ＩＵ及ＰＧＥ１１００μｇ，每日１次，连用７～１０天，再服华法林３～６个月］和常规治疗组（肝素，ｎ＝３８，剂量同上）。以血管造影为标准判断溶栓效果。结果：联合溶栓组的疗效明显优于常规治疗组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；其疗效与病程长短关系密切，病程小于２个月者疗效显著（显效率７５％，总有效率９６．５％）；无严重并发症发生。结论：静脉内联用ＵＫ和ＰＧＥ１治疗ＤＶＴ是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

硫氮Zuo酮对氨茶碱血药浓度的影响

观察口服氨茶碱治疗的支气管哮喘患者６４例，在加服硫氮Ｚｕｏ酮前后血清氨茶碱浓度的变化及临床表现。结果显示，加用硫氮Ｚｕｏ酮后平均血清氨茶碱浓度增加了０．２％（Ｐ＞０．０５），ＦＥＶ１增加了９、２％（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＰａＯ２增加了５．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＰａＣＯ２下降了７．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１），临床总有效率增加了２５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示加用硫氮Ｚｕｏ酮后未见血清氨茶碱显著增高及其相应的临床症状     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.