上海市黄浦区成人基本医疗健康素养监测问卷编制及信效度分析

目的 通过自编问卷检验问卷测量性能,为了解黄浦区居民基本医疗健康素养水平提供测量工具。 方法 根据构建的黄浦区基本医疗健康素养评估指标体系设计初始评估问卷(57题),采用方便抽样方法抽取社区居民200人开展预测试;通过项目分析筛除冗余题项,形成基本医疗素养评估问卷(38题)。应用问卷对上述200位社区居民施测,并抽取50名两周后复测,分析问卷的信效度;方便抽取黄浦区某二级医院医护人员100人、社区慢性病患者50人施测,分析区分效度。应用SPSS 17.0进行项目难度、区分度分析及信效度分析。Cronbach’s α系数、Guttman分半系数和组内相关系数ICC值用以测量信度;利用内容效度、结构效度和区分效度分析检验效度。 结果 通过项目分析,共剔除22个条目,结合专家意见和专业知识,增加3条,最终38个条目进入指标体系终稿,形成“黄浦区成人基本医疗健康素养监测项目评估问卷”。全问卷的Cronbach’s α系数为0.709,重测信度为0.994;一级指标得分与总分的相关系数为0.728和0.643,2个一级指标间得分相关系数为0.213。 结论 本研究问卷针对城市居民基本医疗素养的测量而设计,是评估居民基本医疗素养的有效工具,丰富了国内基本医疗素养调查的内容,具有较好的信度、效度,对开展居民基本医疗素养的评估及干预措施有理论和实践上的指导意义。     

《孕前风险因素筛查问卷》的重测信度和效度评价

目的:对《孕前风险因素筛查问卷》的重测信度和效度进行评价。方法:对云南省祥云县300对孕前检查的夫妇应用《孕前风险因素筛查问卷》进行调查,评价该问卷的重测信度和效度。结果:女性问卷维度二、三、四及综合维度二、三、四的重测信度系数均>0.8,而男性均>0.9,总体重测信度较好;因子分析中,女性卷共抽取21个因子解释总变异的69.22%,男性卷共抽取8个因子解释总变异74.02%。结论:《孕前风险因素筛查问卷》做为定性的筛查表具有较好的重测信度和效度,可用于云南农村育龄人群孕前保健风险因素筛查。     

The NORPEQ patient experiences questionnaire: data quality, internal consistency and validity following a Norwegian inpatient survey

AIMS: This article describes the development of a questionnaire designed for comparisons of patient experiences of hospital care within the Nordic countries. The results of testing for data quality, reliability, and validity are presented following a Norwegian survey. METHODS: Following a literature review and consultation within an expert group six items were developed measuring patient experiences together with two items assessing global satisfaction and perception of incorrect treatment. The questions were included in a questionnaire that was mailed to 500 patients randomly selected from patients receiving inpatient treatment at a large university hospital in Norway. Principal component analysis was used to assess dimensionality. Reliability was assessed by the internal consistency and test-retest methods. Construct validity was assessed by the scale's correlation with variables known to be related to patient experiences. RESULTS: A total of 244 (48.8%) patients responded. Levels of missing data ranged from 0.4% to 2.5%. The six items in the questionnaire that measured important aspects of patient experiences with the services contributed to a single scale with item-total correlations in the range 0.59-0.71 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. The test-retest intraclass correlation was 0.88. CONCLUSIONS: The NORPEQ is a brief measure of patient experiences that covers important aspects of the healthcare encounter. It shows good evidence of reliability and validity and is relatively easy to apply alongside existing national surveys.     

Development of a Short Version of the New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire

This study was aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability and validity of a short version of the New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (New BJSQ) whose scales have one item selected from a standard version. Based on the results from an anonymous web-based questionnaire of occupational health staffs and personnel/labor staffs, we selected higher-priority scales from the standard version. After selecting one item with highest item-total correlation coefficient from each scale, a 23-item questionnaire was developed. A nationally representative survey was administered to Japanese employees (n=1,633) to examine test-retest reliability and validity. Most scales (or items) showed modest but adequate levels of test-retest reliability (r>0.50). Furthermore, job demands and job resources scales (or items) were associated with mental and physical stress reactions while job resources scales (or items) were also associated with positive outcomes. These findings provided a piece of evidence that the short version of the New BJSQ is reliable and valid.     

《女大学生生殖健康知信行调查问卷》信度与效度评价

目的编制一套关于女大学生生殖健康知信行的初步调查问卷,并评价其信度和效度。方法采用自编问卷对青海大学507名在校女生进行调查;采用Cronbach’s系数评价问卷的内部一致性信度,采用SpearmanBrown公式计算半折信度,采用两次测量结果的相关系数来评价重测信度;采用各维度和问卷总分之间的相关性来评价区分效度,采用证实性因子分析来评价问卷的结构效度。结果总体Cronbach’s系数为0.814,生殖健康相关知识、开展生殖健康教育的态度、性观念、性和性意外行为、学习生殖健康知识行为这5个维度的Cronbach’s系数分别为0.716,0.874,0.719,0.548,0.562;问卷总体和5个维度的半折信度分别为0.767,0.701,0.886,0.719,0.522,0.558;问卷总体重测信度为0.733,各维度的重测信度分别为0.565,0.921,0.731,1.000,0.494(P<0.05);五个维度之间呈中度相关,相关系数在0.431~0.656之间(P<0.05),五个维度和问卷总体的相关系数分别为0.710,0.739,0.742,0.801,0.689,除最后一个维度外均呈强相关(P<0.05);因子分析共提取7个公因子,可解释问卷总体的56.171%,各条的目共同度在0.429~0.737之间。结论该问卷的信度效度较好,改进部分信度效度较低的维度后,可以作为女大学生生殖健康方面调查的可靠工具。     

医院感染绩效考核指标体系实证分析

目的：评价已建立的医院感染绩效考核指标体系的实际应用效果。方法根据医院感染绩效考核指标体系内容设计调查问卷表,采用随机抽样方法抽取某地区2所三级甲等医院120名医务人员进行问卷调查,根据调查结果对指标体系的重测信度及内容效度进行评价;对使用医院感染绩效考核指标体系前后,医务人员对绩效考核工作的满意度及医院感染管理质量进行比较分析。结果指标体系总体上具有较好的信度（总的克朗巴赫α系数为0．914、重测信度为0．937）;指标体系符合专家的共识和认同,具有较好的内容效度;在使用医院感染绩效考核体系后,医院感染控制质量和医务人员对绩效考核工作满意度均有明显提高,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论建立的医院感染绩效考核指标体系具有较好的信度和效度,运用医院感染绩效考核指标体系,可有效提高医院感染管理质量和医务人员对绩效考核工作的满意度。     

医学生锌营养知识态度和行为问卷的信度效度分析

目的对自编锌营养知识、态度和行为问卷的信度、效度进行分析。方法分层随机整群抽取某医学院校一至四年级各1个班的学生进行问卷调查,并随机抽取其中1个班的学生间隔2周进行重复调查,计算内部一致性信度、重测信度、结构效度和区分效度。结果问卷Cronbach’sα系数在0.7以上,重测系数在0.8以上,因子分析结果符合逻辑关系,6个公因子累积方差贡献率达58.34%,不同年级锌营养知识、态度和行为总分的差异有统计学意义（F=3.693,P〈0.05）。结论该问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可用于医学生锌营养知识、态度和行为调查。     

血脂知识-态度-行为问卷的信度和效度检验

目的对自编血脂知识-态度-行为(KAP)问卷的信度、效度进行检验。方法随机抽取158名40岁以上中老年人应用该问卷进行调查,并随机抽取其中的60人间隔15天进行重复测量,问卷的信度应用同质性信度和重测信度进行检验;内容效度、结构效度和判别效度应用相关分析、主成分因子分析和方差分析等方法进行检验。结果问卷Cronbach’sα系数在0.7以上,重测系数在0.8以上;每个条目与领域总分的相关系数绝对值均大于0.61;因子分析符合逻辑关系,8个公因子累计方差贡献率达64.111%;调查对象性别、文化程度不同,血脂KAP差异存在统计学意义。结论该问卷具有较好的信度和效度,是可信、有效、敏感的测评工具,可用于人群血脂膳食干预研究。     

广州市小学生体质健康监测系统问卷的信效度研究

目的对已修订的广州市小学生体质健康监测系统问卷进行信度和效度检验。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法选取广州市298名6~12岁小学生作为研究对象。用克隆巴赫Alpha系数反映内部一致性;前后间隔8~10 d开展两次问卷调查测量重测信度;用3 d日记作为效度标准评价效度。结果本研究有效应答率为98. 3%。总克隆巴赫α系数为0. 64,体力活动、静坐行为和睡眠的重测信度平均值分别是0. 46、0. 59、0. 63,效度平均值分别是0. 43、0. 60、0. 66。结论此系统问卷的信度和效度整体在合理可接受范围,可作为广州市小学生体质健康监测系统的标准化问卷。     

国人生活质量普适量表的编制与评价

目的编制适合中国一般人群的生活质量普适量表并评价该量表的信度和效度。方法参照世界卫生组织生活质量量表（WHO-100）和美国医学结局健康状况调查问卷（SF-36），并结合中国人群社会文化特点编制生活质量普适量表（QOL-35），包括35个条目，分别属于总体健康和生活质量、生理功能、独立生活能力、心理功能、社会功能、生活条件6个领域和1个反应生活质量变化的条目。对127名社区成人的生活质量进行间隔24—72h的重复调查，评价量表的重测信度。对135名门诊或社区人群同时应用WHO-100、SF-36和QOL-35，比较QOL-35与国外标准量表的内部一致性信度和结构效度。在1356名社区人群中评价QOL-35的稳定性和适用性。结果（1）重测信度：QOL-35量表各条目2次测量之间权重一致性（Kappa值）范围为0．86～1．00，各领域和整个量表在2次测量之间的组内相关系数范围为0．68～0．94。（2）内部一致性信度：QOL-35、WHO-100和SF-36量表的克隆巴赫a分别为0．93、0．97和0．89。（3）结构效度：三个量表经因子分析选出的前7个因子方差累计贡献率分别为66．5％、50．3％和65．3％。（4）标准效度：QOL-35总分与WHO-100总分和SF-36的总分Spearman相关系数分别为0．805和0．745。（5）判别效度：各种慢性病总患病率在QOL-35总分第一到第四分位人群中分别为53．1％、33．1％、26．4％和25．1％（P〈0．05）。（6）QOL-35在1356名一般人群的初步应用显示出近似的克隆巴赫α。结论QOL-35具有较好的重测信度，与WHO-100和SF-36相比以较少的条目获得较好的结构效度、内部一致性和判别效度，在较大人群的初步应用显示出较为稳定的测量特性，QOL-35是评价中国一般人群生活质量较理想的工具。     

Development of a Short Questionnaire to Measure an Extended Set of Job Demands,Job Resources,and Positive Health Outcomes: The New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire

This study aimed to investigate the reliability and construct validity of a new version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (New BJSQ), which measures an extended set of psychosocial factors at work by adding new scales/items to the current version of the BJSQ. Additional scales/items were extensively collected from theoretical job stress models and similar questionnaires in several countries. Scales/items were field-tested and refined through a pilot internet survey. Finally, an 84-item questionnaire (141 items in total when combined with the current BJSQ) was developed. A nationally representative survey was administered to employees in Japan (n=1,633) to examine the reliability and construct validity. Most scales showed acceptable levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Principal component analyses showed that the first factor explained 50% or greater proportion of the variance in most scales. A scale factor analysis and a correlation analysis showed that these scales fit the theoretical expectations. These findings provided a piece of evidence that the New BJSQ scales are reliable and valid. Although more detailed content and construct validity should be examined in future study, the New BJSQ is a useful instrument to evaluate psychosocial work environment and positive mental health outcomes in the current workplace.     

The GPs' Experiences Questionnaire (GPEQ): reliability and validity following a national survey to assess GPs' views of district psychiatric services

BACKGROUND: The measurement of patient and professional views of quality are important components in the evaluation of health care delivery. OBJECTIVE: To describe the development and evaluation of the GPs' Experiences Questionnaire (GPEQ) for assessing the quality of community mental health clinics in Norway. METHODS: Design: Literature review, GP interviews, pre-testing of questionnaire items and a cross-sectional national survey. Setting: Postal survey of GPs in Norway evaluating 73 community mental health clinics in the five health regions in Norway during spring of 2006. Subjects: Three thousand four hundred and sixty-three GPs were sent a postal questionnaire with the GPEQ and were asked to assess their community mental health clinic responsible for general adult psychiatric services. RESULTS: Two thousand one hundred and thirty (61.5%) GPs returned a completed questionnaire. Low levels of missing data suggest that the questionnaire is acceptable. Factor analysis identified five scales: workforce situation (four items), discharge letter (three items), competence (four items), guidance (three items) and emergency situations (two items). All scales met the criterion of 0.7 for Cronbach's alpha and test-retest correlations were 0.72-0.87. The results of validity testing were as hypothesized with scale scores significantly related to knowledge of the community mental health clinic, overall satisfaction, negative experiences with the clinic, waiting time and acceptance of referrals. CONCLUSIONS: The GPEQ is a self-administered questionnaire that includes the most important aspects of the GPs' experience of quality at community mental health clinics. All scales have good evidence for internal consistency, test-retest reliability and validity.     

A comparison of costs and data quality of three health survey methods: mail, telephone and personal home interview

Three survey modes--a self-administered mailed questionnaire, a telephone interview, and a home interview--were assessed for survey costs, adequacy of completion, test-retest reliability, validity of responses to medical questions and estimates of morbidity. Costs per household for each mode were $A42.75, $A74.33, and $71.89, respectively. Item omission was confined virtually to the mail mode and averaged 5.5% over 84 questions assessed, while telephone and home interview modes averaged 0.4% and 0.2%, respectively. "Don't knows" were virtually absent for all questions except those about precise details (names, places, etc.) of events occurring often 10-15 years before the survey; no mode differences were observed. The mail mode produced less reliable responses to questions about environmental exposure to hazardous chemicals or activities when considered question-by-question, but differences were not significant among modes when all questions were grouped. Reliability was high to medical questions and no mode differences were observed. Medical conditions which would require a medical diagnosis for subjects to be able to report them were more reliably answered than conditions described in broad or lay terms. Validity of answers to medical questions varied across modes and types of questions; underreporting of medical conditions was highest in the mail mode and was lowest for conditions requiring a diagnosis. Overreporting was lowest in the mail mode and highest for conditions requiring a diagnostic opinion.     

Self-reported information on the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was reliable but not necessarily valid

OBJECTIVE: Self-report is commonly used in epidemiologic studies; however, few data exist on the reliability and validity of this method for eliciting information related to the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. We examined the test-retest reliability and validity of colorectal cancer patients reporting on the process of their diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: One hundred and sixteen participants completed two telephone interviews, 1 month apart, and 95 general practitioners (GPs) completed a written questionnaire, to elicit information relating to key elements of the process of diagnosis of colorectal cancer. RESULTS: Acute symptoms such as rectal bleeding had higher reliability and validity than more general symptoms. Colonoscopy was the most accurately recalled diagnostic test. Recall of diagnosis date, and date of colonoscopy, had high test-retest reliability. There were considerable differences between dates of diagnostic tests given by participants and GPs, but there was no evidence of a bias in a particular direction. Accuracy of recall did not diminish as time from diagnosis increased. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that self-reported symptoms, tests, and dates in the colorectal cancer diagnostic pathway are generally reliable; however, the validity of reported symptoms and tests can be moderate to poor.     

The development and validation of a short measure of functioning and well being for individuals with Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a common degenerative neurological condition. A number of general health status measures exist but these may not address areas salient to specific diseases. We report here the development and validation of a short 39 item health status questionnaire for use in Parkinson's disease. Questionnaire items, generated from indepth interviews with people with Parkinson's disease, were developed into a 65 item questionnaire. Data from a postal survey using the 65 item questionnaire were statistically analysed to produce a shorter questionnaire with 39 items and eight scales addressing different dimensions of Parkinson's disease. A second postal survey was conducted in order to assess the reliability and validity of the new 39 item questionnaire. The final questionnaire, referred to here as the 39 item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), proved to have satisfactory internal and test-retest reliability, and construct validity in relation to other measures, reported by respondents with Parkinson's disease.     

Reliability and validity of the hands-up survey in assessing commuting to school in New Zealand elementary school children

The decrease in physical activity time in and out of school increases the need for active commuting. School travel plan programs have been used internationally to increase active commuting in elementary school children. However, little research has been conducted in the reliability and validity of travel survey instruments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of the Hands-Up survey to assess active commuting to school from a random sample of children within the Auckland region, New Zealand. Test-retest reliability and criterion validity of travel modes were determined in 118 elementary school children in the Auckland region. The survey tool consisted of one question on commuting to school. Test-retest reliability and validity were evaluated using kappa coefficients. The level of agreement between the children's responses (κ = .96, 95% confidence interval = 0.92-1.00) and between children's and parents' (κ = .91, 95% confidence interval = 0.85-0.98) were almost perfect. The Hands-Up survey is a valid and reliable tool to determine travel mode to school among elementary school children.     

乳腺癌患者豆类食品食用频率表的信度和效度研究

摘要:目的　对豆类食品食用频率表用于评估乳腺癌患者大豆异黄酮摄入量进行信度和效度研究。方法　以21 d为间隔,采用豆类食品食物频率表对253名正在接受化疗的乳腺癌患者进行两次膳食调查,比较两次结果之间的相关性,评价问卷的信度;以3日膳食记录法作为“标准”,记录乳腺癌患者进行下一化疗疗程前3 d的膳食情况,调查结果进行相关性分析,检测其效度。结果　信度研究中,各种豆类食品的大豆异黄酮以及大豆异黄酮的日均摄入总量均为正相关,相关系数为0.52～0.86,平均值0.69。效度研究中,豆类食品食用频率表与3 d膳食记录相比较,原始数据计算的相关系数为0.14～0.76,均值为0.48,将原始数据经对数转换后,相关系数均值为0.53。结论　豆类食品食用频率表具有较好的效度和信度,在研究乳腺癌患者大豆异黄酮摄入量与乳腺癌之间关系时,豆类食品食用频率表是一个较为理想的测量工具。     

Factors associated with unintended pregnancy in Yamagata, Japan

Data on unintended pregnancy are scarce in Japan. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of sociodemographic, reproductive, and other health behavioral factors with unintended pregnancy. A survey was conducted from May through November 1999 in Yamagata, Japan. We distributed anonymous self-administered questionnaires to cervical and breast cancer screening participants aged 35-49 years. There were 564 eligible women, and the number of respondents was 421 (74.6%). The proportion of women who had experienced unintended pregnancy was 46.2%, and 40.1% of them had repeated experiences. Among 312 pre-menopausal married women who did not want to become pregnant, 15.4% were not using any contraception. Factors that were significantly associated with the experience of unintended pregnancy were age of husband being 4 or more years older [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.83], and age at initiation of sexual intercourse (OR = 1.86) and marriage during teens (OR = 11.14). Analysis of 1255 pregnancies that the subjects had experienced showed that 51.2% and 25.9% of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies occurred as a result of no contraceptive use, and 39.5% and 71.1% of these ended in abortions. The number of past unintended pregnancies was significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with the number of pregnancies (r(s) = 0.49), live births 0.20) and abortions (r(s) = 0.63). This is the first epidemiological study in Japan to examine factors associated with unintended pregnancy, and also contraceptive use and pregnancy outcome for each of the unintended pregnancy women had experienced. Unintended pregnancy is not a rare event among our target population, and many unintended pregnancies leading to abortion could be prevented by effective contraceptive use. Results suggest that Yamagata's family planning strategies need to target both the younger and older generations, and address the role of men. A woman's pregnancy history reflecting her past experience of unintended pregnancy could be used as an indicator for recognizing the woman's need for appropriate contraceptive counseling for the prevention of repeated unintended pregnancies.     

Reliability of a physical activity questionnaire in middle-aged men

Although some items from a questionnaire used to assess occupational and leisure activity in a cohort of male factory workers have reasonable validity, their reliability is unknown. In this study the reliability of this questionnaire was assessed in 54 middle-aged male factory employees by test-retest administration over a 4-6 week period. Kappa statistics for test-retest agreement for individual items on the questionnaire ranged between 0.24 and 0.66. Those items that demonstrated reasonable reliability and validity will subsequently be related to a range of disease endpoints in a prospective cohort study.     

Validation of the Abuse Screening Inventory (ASI)

AIMS: To assess the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the Abuse Screening Inventory (ASI) in a female sample. METHOD: The ASI comprises 16 items concerning four kinds of abuse: psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, and abuse in healthcare. A randomized sample of 699 women answered the ASI once. Six months later 53 of them answered the ASI again and were interviewed. To assess concurrent validity, answers in the interviews were considered as the gold standard and the ASI as the diagnostic test. RESULTS: The ASI presented good overall test-retest reliability ranging from 81% to 96% for separate items. The ASI separated very well abused from non-abused women. No false positive answers were found. Sensitivity ranged from 72% to 82% for items concerning abuse. CONCLUSION: The ASI is a short abuse screening questionnaire that had acceptable validity and test-retest reliability in a random female Swedish sample.