肝素标准化抗凝方案在急性冠状动脉综合征中的应用

目的:急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)已经成为威胁人类健康的主要杀手,普通肝素(Unfractionated heparin,UFH)抗凝在ACS的治疗中起着非常重要的作用.尽管UFH应用相当广泛,但目前临床上UFH的应用非常不规范.方法:选择2006年1月至2007年1月在我院住院治疗的ACS患者60例.所有患者均采用静脉UFH抗凝至少24 h,并随机分为A、B 2组.A组为试验组,按预先设定的肝素标准化治疗方案调节剂量;B组为对照组,由值班医生凭经验调整剂量.以活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)45～75 s作为UFH抗凝治疗范围.结果:A组和B组分别测量APTT共195和197次,达标比例分别为74.9%(146次)和49.7%(98次),P<0.01;B组中有近一半的病例未达到治疗范围;试验组超出治疗范围的比例高(10.3%),但未见严重出血病例.A组达标所需时间为(2.8±3.2) h、B组为(7.8±3.1) h,P<0.01;24 h内维持在治疗范围内的时间A组(16.3±3.2) h、B组(11.4±4.1) h,P<0.01.结论:UFH标准化治疗方案可以安全有效的应用于ACS患者中,值得大力推广.     

胱抑素C水平与冠心病的相关性研究

目的了解胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法选择疑诊冠心病且行选择性冠状动脉造影的冠心病患者114例(冠心病组).根据临床病史和冠状动脉造影结果分为2组:急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronarysyndromes,ACS)组73例,稳定性心绞痛(stable angina pectoris,SAP)组41例;另选择非冠心病(冠状动脉造影阴性)患者38例作为对照组。采用Gensini评分系统对冠状动脉病变程度进行评分。应用免疫比浊法测定血清胱抑素C水平。分析血清胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度及病变支数的相互关系。结果 ACS组和SAP组血清胱抑素C水平明显高于对照组[(2.2±3.5)mg/L vs(1.6±4.1)mg/L vs(0.7±2.9)mg/L,P<0.01].且ACS组血清胱抑素C水平明显高于SAP组(P<0.05)。Gcnsini积分≥30分患者血清胱抑素C水平明显高于Gensini积分<30分患者[(2.6±2.7)mg/L vs(1.8±5.2)mg/L,P<0.01]。3支病变患者血清胱抑紊C水平和Gensini积分较单支病变和双支病变患者明显增高[(2.8±1.8)mg/L vs(1.9±3.4)mg/L vs(2.1±4.1)mg/L;(49±16)分v5(17±9)分vs(28±1 8)分,P<0.05,P<0.01];双支病变患者Gensin积分较单支病变患者明显增高(P<0.01);而单支病变与双支病变患者血清胱抑素C水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。血清胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.673,P<0.01)。结论胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度及病变支数显著相关,胱抑素C水平可以作为评价冠状动脉病变严重程度的一个指标。     

缺血性修饰白蛋白在急性冠脉综合征患者中的改变及临床意义

目的观察缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者中的变化及临床意义。方法选择本院166例ACS患者,其中不稳定型心绞痛(UA)68例,ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)56例,非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTE-MI)42例,在入院后30min内采静脉血检测其IMA水平,并与40例正常对照组进行比较分析。结果 ACS组血清IMA水平显著高于对照组[(69.71±11.56)U/ml vs(42.91±7.54)U/ml,P<0.01],STEMI组均显著高于UA组[(76.27±11.91)U/ml vs(65.05±9.25)U/ml,P<0.01]和NSTEMI组[(76.27±11.91)U/ml vs(68.53±10.56)U/ml,P<0.01],血清IMA水平与年龄无相关性(ACS组r=-0.07,对照组r=-0.11,两组联合r=-0.05;均P>0.05),对照组IMA的阴性率为100%,ACS患者中阳性预测值为100%,阳性率为89.2%,其在UA、STEMI和NSTEMI组中的阳性率分别为97.10%、85.70%和81.00%,本组中阴性预测值为69%。结论血清IMA显著升高对诊断ACS有一定的临床价值。     

重组人促红细胞生长素治疗老年急性大脑中动脉缺血性脑卒中的研究

目的研究重组人促红细胞生长素(recombinant human erythropoietin,rhEPO)治疗老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者的有效性及安全性。方法入选74例年龄≥75岁的老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者,经磁共振弥散加权成像检查证实在大脑中动脉的范围内,将患者随机分为治疗组36例和对照组38例,患者入院后前3 d每日分别给予rhEPO或生理盐水静脉注射治疗。观察第1、3、7、20和30天美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和脑梗死体积变化,ELISA法检测损伤标记物S100B水平。结果与对照组比较,治疗组第20、30天NIHSS评分明显下降(P<0.05);第20天脑梗死体积明显降低[(46.5±32.3)cm~3 vs(89.6±68.9)cm~3,P<0.01];第3、7和20天血清S100B水平明显下降[(1.45±0.25)μg/L vs(1.58±0.13)μg/L,(1.41±0.20)μg/L vs(1.69±0.15)μg/L,(0.38±0.14)μg/L vs(0.78±0.26)μg/L,P<0.01]。结论老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者对静脉注射高剂量rhEPO治疗耐受性良好,并且可改善患者30 d后的临床预后。     

盐酸替罗非班在ST段抬高急性心肌梗死急诊PCI中的安全性分析

目的:评价GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班(商品名欣维宁)在ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉腔内介入术(PCI)治疗中的安全性。方法:65例急诊入院STEMI行急诊PCI患者,分为试验组(盐酸替罗非班+PCI)36例和对照组(直接PCI29例)。观察2组住院期间主要心血管事件(MACE)包括死亡、新近心肌梗死和顽固缺血状态、术后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、压迫止血时间及不良反应(出血、血小板减少)。结果:住院期间主要心血管事件(majoradversecardiovascularevents,MACE)发生率,试验组低于对照组(5.6%比13.7%);术后LVEF(59.42±8.06比52.65±5.20)高于对照组;2组均未发生严重出血并发症(包括大量出血和颅内出血等),出血事件发生率试验组较对照组有增多的趋势(11.1%比3.4%),试验组部分凝血活酶时间(activatedpar_tialthromboplastintime,APTT)较对照组延长(58.15±11.86比33.78±11.28),(P<0.05);压迫止血时间明显延长(37.25±6.34比20.12±5.55),(P<0.05),但未增加穿刺点出血和血肿。结论:血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班联合PCI可能成为STEMI患者急诊PCI安全和有效的再灌注手段。     

他汀类对低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入术后的心肌保护作用

目的观察合并有低LDL-C的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者行PCI后,他汀类药物对于围手术期心肌损伤的保护作用。方法合并有低LDL-C血症并同时具备PCI指征的ACS患者220例,根据治疗方法不同随机分为2组:PCI术前服用他汀类药物治疗116例(他汀组),不服用他汀类药物治疗104例(常规组),分别测量PCI术前及PCI术后6 h肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,评估2组患者随访3个月的主要心血管事件。结果他汀组与常规组患者术前cTnI、CK MB和hs-CRP比较,差异无统计学意义。他汀组患者术后CK MB、cTnI较常规组明显降低[(14.2±5.78 U/L vs(47.3±1 6.4)U/L,P<0.05;(0.36±0.1 2)μg/L vs(1.33±0.47)μg/L,P<0.01]。2组患者的hs-CRP水平及随访3个月的主要心血管事件没有明显的差异。结论对合并有低LDL-C的ACS患者实施他汀类预处理具有心肌保护作用,其机制可能与他汀类药物改善冠状动脉微循环的作用相关。但是这种预处理对于PCI术后3个月的主要心血管事件没有明显的改善。     

孙氏手术用于急性与慢性TAAD患者治疗的临床对比研究

【摘要】目的：对比孙氏手术用于急性与慢性A型主动脉夹层(TAAD)患者治疗的有效性及安全性。方法：按照发病至手术的时间将2012年1月~2017年6月在我院进行孙氏手术治疗的50例TAAD患者的分为急性组(≦2周，n=30)与慢性组(>2周，n=20)，术后随访1年，对比分析2组患者的手术情况、疗效及术后并发症情况。结果：急性组进行同期冠状动脉旁路移植术的比例(16.67% vs 5.00%)、体外循环时间[(225.41±63.80)min vs (191.76±60.99)min]、主动脉阻断时间[(107.54±37.26)min vs (88.44±32.17)min]、术中及术后24h红细胞输入量[(12.89±6.10)U vs (12.89±6.10)U]均明显高于慢性组(P<0.05)；急性组死亡(13.33% vs 5.00%)、脑神经功能障碍(30.00% vs 15.00%)、低心排血量综合征(13.33% vs 5.00%)、急性肾功能衰竭(30.00% vs 10.00%)、肝功能不全(16.67% vs 5.00%)、伤口愈合不良(16.67% vs 5.00%)的发生比例及ICU停留时间[(206.54±321.88)h vs (125.33±196.47)h]、呼吸机辅助时间[(142.58±192.17)h vs (79.90±115.66)h]均明显高于高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：孙氏手术治疗急性TAAD患者的死亡及术后并发症发生比例明显高于慢性TAAD患者，用于急性TAAD患者治疗的风险较高。     

国产注射用比伐卢定对冠状动脉介入治疗患者凝血功能的影响

目的探讨国产注射用比伐卢定对经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗术患者凝血功能的影响。方法随机选择50例择期行PCI的患者,术中用肝素(对照组,25例)或国产注射用比伐卢定(比伐卢定组,25例)抗凝。分别于PCI术前、用药后5 min、术后即刻、停药后30 min、停药后2 h测活化凝血时间(ACT)。用药前、用药结束后6、24、72 h,静脉采血,检测活化凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)。结果用药后5 min及术后即刻比伐卢定组ACT显著高于对照组(均为P<0.001);PCI术前和停药后30 min两组患者ACT差异无统计学意义(P=0.362、P=0.732),停药后2 h比伐卢定组ACT显著低于对照组[(208.27±34.84)s比(241.48±41.34)s,P=0.01]。术后凝血功能4项与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),两组之间均无心血管临床事件发生(P=1.00),大出血事件两组之间差异也无统计学意义(P=1.00)。结论与常规肝素抗凝相比,国产注射用比伐卢定作为抗凝剂应用于PCI术中,起效更快,效果更强,而且半衰期更短,提示其有效性和安全性比肝素钠更佳。     

同型半胱氨酸与急性冠状动脉综合征相关性研究

目的:探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)发作期和自身缓解期的相关性。方法:对64例ACS患者的发作期和自身缓解期及64例对照组分别测定血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度并进行比较,同时测定C-反应蛋白对照观察。结果:ACS发作期血浆同型半胱氨酸水平[(26.72±3.2)μmol/L]显著高于对照组[(8.94±2.1)μmol/L]和自身缓解期[(17.88±2.8)μmol/L],均P<0.01。血浆C-反应蛋白在ACS发作期[(14.54±3.1)mg/L]与对照组[(4.36±1.8)mg/L]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与自身缓解期[(13.72±5.3)mg/L]比较,则(P>0.05)。结论:ACS患者发作期血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与ACS的发生有关,是动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的标志;C-反应蛋白对动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的预测比同型半胱氨酸差。     

老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者急诊介入治疗中冠状动脉内应用替罗非班的临床观察

目的探讨对于行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的老年急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者,冠状动脉内应用替罗非班的有效性及安全性。方法选择行急诊PCI的老年ACS患者118例,随机分为对照组(静脉内使用替罗非班负荷量)和研究组(冠状动脉内使用替罗非班负荷量),每组各59例患者。比较两组PCI术后即刻冠状动脉造影结果,PCI术后7、30 d时主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)发生率间的差异。结果 PCI结束后共有115例患者入选。研究组(58例)与对照组(57例)比较,患者PCI术后梗死相关血管血栓积分(0.7±0.2比1.6±0.5,P<0.01)、TIMI血流分级(TIMI 3级:51%比41%,P<0.05)及TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG 3级:49%比38%,P<0.05)均明显改善,远端血管栓塞的发生率也明显降低(1.7%比14%,P<0.05)。PCI术后30 d时研究组患者的左心室射血分数较对照组明显改善[(67.4±6.2)%比(60.7±4.6)%,P<0.05]。研究组PCI术后7 d时总MACEs的发生率明显低于对照组(3.5%比17.5%,P<0.05),但PCI术后30 d时两组总MACEs的发生率之间比较差异无统计学意义(1.7%比7.0%,P>0.05)。两组患者用药后出血并发症的发生率之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于行急诊PCI的老年ACS患者,与静脉内使用替罗非班相比,冠状动脉内应用安全,且更有利于改善PCI术后冠状动脉血流、心肌灌注,7 d时MACEs发生率低于对照组,30 d时无明显差别。     

Safety and efficacy of dalteparin in percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary artery syndromes: comparison with unfractionated heparin

Objective To prospectively evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy ofdalteparin in patients with high risk non-ST- elevation acute coronary syndromes （ACS） during percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods A total of 175 patients with high risk non-ST-elevation ACS were randomly assigned to 2 groups [dalteparin group and unfractionated heparin （UFH） group]. The patients in dalteparin group were given dalteparin at a dose of 5,000U subcutaneously soon after diagnosis and then an additional 60U/ kg intravenous bolus ofdalteparin before emergent PCI. Vascular access sheaths were removed immediately after PCI or coronary artery angiography; the patients in UFH group were given UFH intravenously at a dose of 25mg just before PCI and an additional 65mg bolus was administered if angiographic findings showed that the patients were suitable for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty （PTCA）. Sheaths were removed at 4-6 hours after PCI; Results Eighty-three patients in dalteparin group underwent PCI while 82 patients in UFH group underwent PCI; anti-Xa activities of 52 patients in daltepafin group were measured. The average anti-Xa activity was （0. 83± 0.26） U/ml at 15 minutes after intravenous injection of dalteparin and anti-Xa〉0.SU/ml was obtained in 96.1% of the patients; hematomas at puncture sites were significantly fewer in dalteparin group as compared with UFH group （2.3% vs 9.2%, P 〈 0.05）; none of the patients in 2 groups suffered major bleeding events. No death, acute arterial reocclusion or emergent revascularization events occurred at 30 days after PCI. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that early subcutaneous injection ofdalteparin at a dose 5,000U after diagnosis and an additional 60U/kg intravenous bolus ofdalteparin before PCI is safe and efficacious for patients with high risk non-ST-elevation ACS undergoing emergent PCI.     

国产比伐卢定对急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入术中凝血功能的影响

目的:探讨国产注射用比伐卢定和普通肝素在急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉介入术中对凝血功能的影响。方法:入选95例择期行PCI的急性冠状动脉综合征患者,随机分为肝素组(n=49)和比伐卢定组(n=46),其中肝素组脱落3例,比伐卢定组脱落5例,比伐卢定组和肝素组各剔除6例。根据分组不同术中分别采用国产注射用比伐卢定或肝素抗凝。分别在用药前、用药后5 min、首次用药后30 min、停药后1 h及6 h检测活化凝血时间(ACT)。比较首次给药5min后和30min后的ACT达标率。结果:2组患者基线资料具有可比性,术前凝血指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),比伐卢定组和肝素组用药后ACT值迅速升高,2组5min和30minACT达标率相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。用药结束后比伐卢定组ACT值下降迅速,用药结束后1hACT值较肝素组显著降低,2组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药结束后6 h,2组ACT值下降至与基线相当,2组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肝素组用药后5 min、30 min和1 h,ACT值的标准差均大于比伐卢定组。结论:与常规肝素抗凝相比,比伐卢定在PCI术中可以获得更稳定的抗凝效果,其作为抗凝剂用于PCI术中安全有效。     

Antithrombotic efficacy of bivalirudin compared to unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome

Bivalirudin is associated with an increased risk of acute stent thrombosis (AST) compared to unfractionated heparin (UFH) in acute coronary syndrome patients (ACS) during short-duration percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The mechanisms involved are unknown. We aimed to investigate the antithrombotic efficacy of bivalirudin compared to UFH during PCI. In a monocenter study, we prospectively enrolled 30 patients undergoing PCI for a non–ST elevation ACS. They were randomly assigned to a single intravenous (IV) bolus of UFH (70 IU/kg) or an IV bolus of bivalirudin 0.75 mg/kg followed by a 1.75 mg/kg/h infusion during PCI. All patients received a loading dose (LD) of 180 mg of ticagrelor at the time of PCI. The VASP index and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were used to assess the course of platelet reactivity (PR) and antithrombotic activity. The two groups were similar regarding baseline, angiographic, and interventional characteristics. There was no difference between the two groups in the course of PR following ticagrelor LD. An optimal PR inhibition was obtained 4 h after the LD of ticagrelor. The level of antithrombotic activity was significantly lower in the bivalirudin group compared to the UFH group (p < 0.001) during PCI but similar at 2 and 4 h post-PCI. We observed that, in ACS undergoing PCI, the antithrombotic efficacy of an IV bolus of bivalirudin is significantly lower than that of a 70-IU/kg UFH bolus. This could contribute to the excess in thrombotic acute events observed during short-duration PCI.     

Utility of a weight-based heparin nomogram for patients with acute coronary syndromes

Abstract
Background:  Unfractionated heparin has been pivotal in the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and continues to be used widely despite the emerging role of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). The apparent superiority of LMWH over unfractionated heparin may, at least partially, reside in its more predictable achievement of therapeutic effect, with high rates of non-therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) results being observed in the intravenous heparin treatment groups.
Aim:  To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-based heparin nomogram developed for use in patients with ACS on frequency of 'therapeutic' APTT results.
Methods:  The effectiveness of an existing non-weight-based heparin nomogram in achieving a therapeutic APTT was compared sequentially with that of a weight-based heparin nomogram in 89 and 84 consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of ACS.
Results:  Patients in whom heparin dosage adjustment was weight based rapidly achieved therapeutic APTT. The median time to achieve an APTT within the target range was 8.75 h in the weight-based group versus >24 h in the non-weight-based group. Utilization of a weight-based nomogram was associated with markedly increased proportions of readings within the therapeutic APTT range at 6 h and at 24 h (51% vs . 26% and 72% vs . 36%, respectively).
Conclusions:  The current study confirms the marked superiority of the weight-based heparin regimen for treatment of patients with ACS. The nomogram dramatically facilitated the attainment of therapeutic APTT, and may represent the optimal method for titration of heparin dosage to individual heparin requirements in patients with ACS. (Intern Med J 2003; 33: 18−25)     

Efficacy and safety of bivalirudin in patients receiving clopidogrel therapy after diagnostic angiography for percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndromes

Objectives : This study sought to investigate if the efficacy of bivalirudin monotherapy is similar to heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibition in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) treated with clopidogrel following diagnostic angiography. Background : Prior trials have demonstrated that peri‐procedural bivalirudin therapy confers similar efficacy as heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, while lowering the risk of bleeding complications in ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervnetions (PCI). However, the incidence of adverse ischemic events post‐PCI appeared to be higher in patients receiving bivalirudin without adequate pretreatment with clopidogrel. Methods : Using the 2004/2005 Cornell Angioplasty Registry, we evaluated 980 consecutive patients undergoing urgent PCI for UA/NSTEMI who were treated with either bivalirudin or UFH plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. We excluded patients who were on chronic clopidogrel therapy or received clopidogrel pretreatment prior to angiography. All patients received a clopidogrel load (≥300‐mg dose) immediately before or after the PCI. Long‐term all‐cause mortality was obtained for 100% of patients, with a mean follow‐up of 24.6 ± 7.7 months. Results : Of the 980 study patients, 461 (47.0%) were treated with bivalirudin and 519 (53.0%) patients received UFH plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. DES were used in 88% of PCI; 45% of patients presented with NSTEMI. The incidence of in‐hospital death (0.4% vs. 0.2%, P = 0.604), post‐procedural MI (6.9% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.351), and MACE including death, stroke, emergent CABG/PCI, and MI (7.6% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.304) were similar in patients treated with bivalirudin versus UFH plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, respectively. The incidence of in‐hospital stent thrombosis was similar (0.7% vs. 0%, P = 0.104), while major (0.9% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.034) and minor bleeding (10.4% vs. 18.9%, P < 0.001) was reduced in the bivalirudin‐treated group. By two‐years of follow‐up, after propensity‐score adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis, there was no significant difference in long‐term mortality between the two groups (HR 1.18; 95%CI 0.64–2.19, P = 0.598). Conclusions : In patients presenting with ACS and receiving clopidogrel treatment after angiography (before or within 30 min of PCI), peri‐procedural bivalirudin monotherapy suppresses acute and long‐term adverse events to a similar extent as does UFH plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, while significantly lowering the risk of bleeding complications. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

比较国产比伐卢定与肝素对大鼠颈总动脉血栓模型凝血系统的影响

目的比较国产比伐卢定（bivalirudin,B）与肝素（heparin,H）对大鼠颈总动脉血栓模型凝血系统的影响。方法以50％FeCl3诱导大鼠左颈总动脉血栓形成建立模型。42只SD大鼠分为假手术组（S组,n=6）、血栓模型组（M组,n=12）、国产比伐卢定联合尿激酶（urokinase,UK）组（B＆UK组,n=12）、肝素联合UK组（H＆UK组,n=12）,观察4组给药前与用药后2h活化部分凝血活酶时间（activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT）、凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time,PT）及血栓质量的变化。结果与S组比较,M组、B＆UK组及H＆UK组给药前APTT、PT均缩短,但后3组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;与S组比较,给药后M组APTT、PT明显缩短：与S组及M组比较,给药后B＆UK组及H＆UK组APTT、PT均明显延长（P〈0．01）,而H＆UK组APTT比B＆UK组显著延长,相反,B＆UK组盯比H＆UK组显著延长。S组血管内无血栓形成．B＆UK组及H＆UK组血栓质量均显著低于M组[（2．14±0．40）mg比（3．28±0．58）mg,（2．41±0．58）mg比（3．28±0．58）mg,P均〈0．01]。结论国产比伐卢定与肝素均能在大鼠UK溶栓过程中发挥抗凝及抑制血栓形成作用,且国产比伐卢定比肝素抑制外源性凝血系统的作用更明显,能更有效减少出血风险。     

老年急性冠状动脉综合征合并糖尿病患者介入治疗的疗效和预后

目的评价老年急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)合并糖尿病患者PCI的效果和预后。方法选择年龄>65岁的老年ACS行PCI患者232例,按是否合并糖尿病分为合并组(76例)和非合并组(156例),两组均行药物洗脱支架置入,合并组急诊PCI 17例(22.4%),非合并组急诊PCI 41例(26.3%)。随访6个月～4年,观察两组患者手术成功率、住院期间和远期心脑血管事件发生率。结果合并组患者女性和3支血管病变比例明显高于非合并组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。合并组和非合并组PCI成功率比较差异无统计学意义(97.5%vs 97.6%,P>0.05)。两组术后并发症、住院期间和远期心脑血管事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ACS合并糖尿病患者PCI成功率高,PCI安全有效。     

普罗布考预防老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后再狭窄的临床观察

目的　观察抗氧化剂普罗布考预防老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)后再狭窄的临床效果。方法　 6 2例患者随机分为普罗布考组 (32例 )和对照组 (30例 )。观察PCI前、后及随访 6个月冠状动脉造影、血清氧化指标氧化型低密度脂蛋白、丙二醛和内皮指标一氧化氮、内皮素变化情况。结果　随访 6个月时普罗布考组最小管腔直径和管腔净获得较对照组明显增加 [(2 .2± 0 .7)mmvs (l.4± 0 .3)mm ,P <0 .0 5 ;(1.8± 0 .4 )mmvs(0 .9± 0 .2 )mm ,P <0 .0 1) ],再狭窄率明显下降 (2 0 .2 %vs4 0 .0 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白和丙二醛较对照组明显减少 [(0 .381± 0 .0 8)mg Lvs(0 .70 5± 0 .16 )mg L ,P <0 .0 1;(6 .2 0± 0 .5 7)nmol Lvs(l8.6 2± 2 .13)nmol L ,P <0 .0 1) ]。结论　抗氧化剂普罗布考可以降低PCI后 6个月冠状动脉再狭窄的发生率。     

冠状动脉斑块显像特征与妊娠相关血浆蛋白A水平的关系

目的探讨老年冠心病患者血管内超声冠状动脉斑块显像特征与妊娠相关血浆蛋白A水平的关系。方法选择冠心病患者100例,其中急性冠状动脉综合征组50例,稳定性心绞痛组50例,另选除外冠心病的对照组50例,所有患者行冠状动脉造影术检查,术前1h检测妊娠相关血浆蛋白A水平,应用血管内超声比较急性冠状动脉综合征组和稳定性心绞痛组冠状动脉斑块显像特征及测量参数,比较3组患者妊娠相关血浆蛋白A水平。结果急性冠状动脉综合征组妊娠相关血浆蛋白A水平显著高于稳定性心绞痛组及对照组[(34.08±10.57)mU/L vs(11.38±8.56)mU/L,(9.50±6.24)mU/L,P<0.01];急性冠状动脉综合征组冠状动脉斑块纤维帽厚度、管腔面积明显小于稳定性心绞痛组(P<0.05),斑块面积、斑块负荷、偏心指数及重构指数明显大于稳定性心绞痛组(P<0.01)。妊娠相关血浆蛋白A水平与偏心指数、重构指数呈正相关(r=0.355,r=0.297,P<0.05),与纤维帽厚度呈负相关(r=-0.367,P<0.01)。结论妊娠相关血浆蛋白A水平与血管内超声的斑块易损性指标存在相关性,妊娠相关血浆蛋白A可作为评价冠状动脉斑块稳定性一个炎性指标。     

血浆B型钠尿肽对老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入治疗的临床预后意义

目的探讨血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)与老年急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)行PCI患者临床预后的关系。方法选择符合ACS入选标准的住院患者244例,根据BNP水平分为≤80 ng/IL组78例,>80 ng/L组166例,测定症状发作24 h内BNP及随访住院期间、出院后6个月内主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生情况。结果 131例患者发生MACE,35例死亡(14.8%)。BNP>80 ng/L组161例患者发生MACE 148例次,BNP≤80 ng/L组75例患者发生MACE 21例次(28.0%vs 91.9%,P<0.05)。冠状动脉多支病变、节段性室壁运动异常及LVEF<50%患者的BNP水平明显高于单支病变、节段性室壁运动正常及LVEF≥50%患者(P<0.05,P<0.01)。BNP水平与年龄呈正相关(r=0.037,P<0.01),与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.181,P<0.01)。多因素logistic逐步回归分析显示,BNP(OR=4.284,P<0.01)和年龄(OR=1.917,P<0.05)为老年ACS患者PCI术后病死率的预测因素。结论 BNP能较好地独立预测老年ACS患者PCI术后的近期预后。