氯唑西林钠致药物性静脉炎1例

1 病例报告 女,34岁.于2006-10-20因腹壁子宫内膜异位症切除术后门诊给予氯唑西林钠(山东瑞阳制药有限公司生产)3g加入5%葡萄糖注射液250ml中静滴,2次/d,滴速60滴/min.从输液第三天开始,输液过程中患者感觉手背静脉穿刺部分刺激性疼痛,肿胀,并向前臂放射,沿静脉针穿刺部位向近端血管走行压痛明显.     

输液速度和时间的计算

1 输液速度的计算 输液速度(ml/min)= 要求输注剂量(ml/min)/输注药物浓度或=液体问题(ml)/标示输液时间(min)式(1) [例1]将硝普钠20mg加入5%葡萄糖注射液500ml中静滴,要求硝普钠的滴注射量为0.08 mg/min,求滴速.     

胸腺肽注射液致过敏性休克1例

患者男,28岁,因患有乙型肝炎于2000年3月28日到我院门诊肌注胸腺肽注射液.护士按操作规程给予缓慢肌注胸腺肽20mg,当药液注入约2ml时,患者突然感头昏,四肢乏力,胸闷、心悸、气急,继而出现神志不清,面色苍白,出冷汗,口唇紫绀,心率增快.立即停止注射胸腺肽,给予平卧、吸氧及人工呼吸,3min后恢复自主呼吸.予皮下注射肾上腺素1mg,肌肉注射地塞米松5mg、洛贝林6mg.静注5%NaHCO3 100ml,静滴10%葡萄糖500ml加地塞米松10mg、ATP40mg、COA100U、肌苷0.4g,滴速为60滴/分.静滴10%葡萄糖250ml加氨茶硷0.25g,滴速为40滴/分.15min后,患者意识清楚,呼吸心跳恢复正常,面色、口唇转红润,四肢转暖,血压回升至15/7kPa.     

丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液引起静脉炎1例

在临床应用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液治疗疾病过程中,常会出现静脉炎,现介绍如下,以供临床参考. 1 病例介绍 患者女,40岁,因患乙型病毒型肝炎于2008年3月15日入院.入院后医生为改善肝脏血液循环,静点5%葡萄糖250ml加丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液(上海第一生化药业公司,批号:080301)60mg,40滴/min.病人在静点结束时无不良反应,静点部位(左手背)皮肤无红肿、硬结.     

静滴林可霉素致过敏性休克1例

<正> 患者 女,42岁。因发热,咽炎给予静脉滴注5％葡萄糖注射液250ml加林可霉素1.2g,以60滴/min的速度输入,约5分钟时,患者诉胸闷,呼吸困难,耳鸣;随后出现神志不清,面色苍白,冷汗,口唇紫绀、抽搐、脉细弱,血压10/8kPa,无皮疹及胃肠道反应,立即停止输液,静脉推注地塞米松10mg,保持平卧,吸氧,5％葡萄糖注射液250ml加地塞米松10mg静滴,约10分钟后神志转清,抽搐停止,缺氧症状逐渐改善,30分钟后血压12/8kPa,脉搏80次/min,继续观     

第二届妇科泌尿学与盆底重建外科手术与热点问题研讨会

1小儿葡萄糖液的输液速度1.1输液时葡萄糖的耐量无论成人或小儿均为0.4～0.5g/(kg.h),这样给葡萄糖的速度不会引起高血糖及糖尿。此葡萄糖值相当于400～500mg/(kg.h)=6～8mg/(kg.min)。1.2维持液中葡萄糖的浓度无脱水小儿输液宜用维持液,维持液由4份10%葡萄糖和1份生理盐水(NS),再加氯化钾配成0.15%浓度组成,即每100ml中含10%葡萄糖80ml、NS20ml和15%KCl1ml,其中含葡萄糖8g(8000mg),或每0.1ml含葡萄糖8mg。1.3维持液的输液速度用一次性输液器,规格1ml=20滴,即0.1ml=2滴。葡萄糖以4～8mg/(kg.min)输液,相当0.05～0.1ml/(kg.min)=1～2滴/(k…     

成功抢救一例静脉滴注青霉素致迟发性过敏性休克

患者,男,48岁,因上呼吸道感染,于2002年4月18日10:00来我院输液,抗感染治疗。患者自述有青霉素注射史,做青霉素皮内试验(-),给予青霉素800万单位入0.9%氯化钠注射液250ml中静脉滴注。20min后,患者突感胸闷,皮肤瘙痒,呼吸困难,继而患者出现面色苍白,口唇紫绀,冷汗淋漓,四肢抽搐,神志不清。考虑为青霉素过敏休克,立即停用青霉素,原地进行抢救,鼻导管吸氧,皮下注射0.1%盐酸肾上腺素1ml,地塞米松10mg静脉推注,异丙嗪25mg肌肉注射。血压为10/6kPa,心率150次/min,给予去甲肾上腺素5mg入5%葡萄糖注射液500ml静脉滴注,每分钟控制在35滴～40滴。约10…     

清开灵注射液致过敏性休克1例

患者，男，20岁，诊断上呼吸道感染，头痛，发热39℃，给予安痛定注射液4ml肌肉注射，清开灵注射液40ml加入10％葡萄糖注射液200ml静滴，滴速66滴／分，10分钟后患者出现胸闷、心慌、恶心，面色潮红，脉搏细速，立即停止输液。测量血压82／52mmHg，心率110次／分，给予①皮下注射副肾上腺素1mg，②地塞米松5mg，10％葡萄糖酸钙20g，维生素Clg，再加入5％葡萄糖注射液400ml静脉滴注，10分钟后病人症状缓解，测量血压100／62mmHg，心率95次／分。3     

1例参麦注射液致过敏性休克的护理

1病历摘要 患者，女，34岁，病毒性心肌炎患者。门诊予以5％葡萄糖注射液250ml加参麦注射液30m1静脉滴注，滴注约5min，患者出现面色苍白、大汗淋漓、自诉心悸、胸闷、呼吸困难、喉头阻塞感。查体：心率58次／min，血压60／37．5mmHg，随后意识模糊，口唇发绀，皮肤湿冷，呈急性休克状态，推断为急性过敏反应性休克。立即停止输液，就地平卧，予以吸氧，皮下注射盐酸肾上腺素1mg，静脉推注地塞米松10mg.     

脉络宁注射液静滴致不良反应1例

王某，女，65岁，因冠心病来我院就诊，给予5％葡萄糖250mL加脉络宁注射液（金陵药业股份有限公司，批号200705183）20mL静滴，滴速50滴／min，5min后，患者出现头晕、恶心、心慌、气短、呼吸困难、面色潮红，查体：T36．5℃，P120次／min，R25次／vain，Bp90／60mmHg。立即将输液更换为10％葡萄糖注射液250mL加葡萄糖酸钙2．0g静滴，地塞米松10mg自莫菲氏管注入，吸氧并心电监护等对症护理，30min后症状缓解。询问病史及药物过敏史，自诉无药物、食物过敏史。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.