西安市结核病的病原学调查

目的调查西安市结核病的分枝杆菌菌种类型及其分布。方法采用抽样调查方法收集结核病患者的痰标本及其背景资料,用痰涂片、痰培养以及PCR方法检测,用鉴别培养基对分离菌株进行菌种鉴定。结果共收集574例拟诊结核病病例,实验室检测1602份痰标本。采用痰涂片、痰培养和PCR3种方法联合应用,阳性者260例,分枝杆菌检测阳性率45.30。137例分枝杆菌培养阳性者中,结核分枝杆菌复合体占73.72,其中结核分枝杆菌和牛分枝杆菌分别为67.88和5.84;11.68为非结核分枝杆菌,14.60为混合感染,其中11.68为结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌,2.92为结核分枝杆菌与非结核分枝杆菌混合感染。结论西安市结核病的致病菌复杂,包括结核分枝杆菌、牛分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌,尤其是非结核分枝杆菌混合感染应予以高度重视。     

四种结核分枝杆菌检测方法的临床应用评价

目的评估涂片、培养、PCR和增菌PCR检测结核分枝杆菌临床应用价值。方法对124例临床确诊的肺结核、可疑结核患者和非结核病人痰标本的涂片、培养、PCR和增菌PCR四种方法的检测结果进行比较。结果涂片、培养、PCR和4及7d的增菌PCR检测31例临床确诊的肺结核病人痰标本阳性率分别为22.5%、32.2%、54.8%、64.5%和87.1%;检测59例临床可疑肺结核病人痰标本阳性率分别为13.6%、18.6%、28.8%、37.3%和52.5%。比较四种方法的阳性检测率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。检测34例非结核病人痰标本,涂片、培养均为阴性,而PCR和增菌PCR均有1例假阳性,假阳性率2.9%。比较PCR与增菌PCR对菌阳和菌阴病人的痰标本阳性检测率,有显著性差异(P<0.05),而两种方法的假阳性率相同。结论增菌PCR检测结核分枝杆菌具有很高的敏感性和特异性,可作为结核病的有效辅助诊断方法之一。     

实时荧光核酸恒温扩增技术在肺结核诊断中的价值分析

目的评价实时荧光核酸恒温扩增技术(SAT-TB)在肺结核诊断中的价值。方法纳入1121例非相同患者痰标本,其中26例为非结核分枝杆菌。570例肺结核为观察组,525例其他肺部疾病患者为对照组。对治疗前的痰标本分别进行抗酸杆菌涂片、培养及鉴定和SAT法检测。阳性检出率的比较使用卡方检验。结果临床诊断肺结核570例,痰培养结核菌阳性率46.5%(265/570),SAT法检测阳性率46.7%(266/570),痰涂片阳性率34.4%(196/570),SAT与涂片法阳性率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.83,P0.01)。在涂阴肺结核中,SAT阳性率达19.5%。以培养阳性作为金标准,SAT法诊断结核病的灵敏度为89.4%,特异度96.3%,阳性似然比为24.2,阴性似然比为0.11,一致率是94.6%,阳性预测值是88.4%,阴性预测值为96.6%。在非结核分枝杆菌肺病中SAT检测阳性率为零。结论 SAT-TB法在肺结核的早期诊断中是一种快速、准确、敏感的方法,值得推广。     

MPB64抗原检测快速诊断结核分枝杆菌的临床价值

目的比较痰涂片抗酸染色、改良酸性罗氏培养、MPB64的免疫胶体金法用于检测结核分枝杆菌特异性的分泌蛋白质MPB64,评价MPB64的免疫胶体金法在结核分枝杆菌快速检测中的应用价值。方法选取438例确诊肺结核患者痰液,进行痰涂片抗酸染色、7H9液体培养基和改良酸性罗氏培养基培养、基于MPB64的免疫胶体金法检测,对结果进行比较分析。并选取痰涂片确认为阳性的标本33例,用米氏7H9液体培养和基于MPB64的免疫胶体金法进行检出时间对比。结果痰涂片阳性率为14.8%,罗氏培养阳性率为20.7%,7H9液体培养阳性率24.8%,MPB64的免疫胶体金法阳性率为25.1%。基于MPB64的免疫胶体金法在培养的第15天检出32例阳性;而单纯的7H9液体培养加抗酸染色检测法在第15天只检出11例阳性。结论7H9液体培养配合基于MPB64的免疫胶体金法可以作为一种较为敏感和特异的检测结核分枝杆菌感染的方法,并可以有效的区分结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌。     

应用磁纳米捕获-PCR技术检测痰液结核分枝杆菌的研究

目的采用磁纳米捕获技术富集痰液中的结核分枝杆菌,以提高PCR检测的灵敏度,快速诊断结核病。方法以普通PCR为对照,采用磁纳米捕获技术富集187份结核和非结核呼吸系统疾病患者痰标本中的结核分枝杆菌,进行PCR检测。结果 152份肺结核患者痰标本41份(27.0%)涂片抗酸染色阳性,72份(47.4%)普通PCR检测阳性,126份(82.9%)磁纳米捕获-PCR检测阳性。35份非结核呼吸系统疾病患者,痰标本中抗酸染色均为阴性,1份普通PCR和磁纳米捕获-PCR检测均阳性,该患者临床诊断肺部感染合并陈旧性肺结核。结论采用磁纳米捕获技术富集痰液中的结核分枝杆菌,可显著提高PCR检测的灵敏度。     

四种结核分枝杆菌检测方法的临床应用评价

目的评估涂片、培养、PCR和增菌PCR检测结核分枝杆菌临床应用价值。方法对124例临床确诊的肺结核、可疑结核患者和非结核病人痰标本的涂片、培养、PCR和增菌PCR四种方法的检测结果进行比较。结果涂片、培养、PCR和4及7d的增菌PCR检测31例临床确诊的肺结核病人痰标本阳性率分别为22．5％、32．2％、54．8％、64．5％和87．1％；检测59例临床可疑肺结核病人痰标本阳性率分别为13．6％、18．6％、28．8％、37．3％和52．5％。比较四种方法的阳性检测率有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。检测34例非结核病人痰标本，涂片、培养均为阴性，而PCR和增菌PCR均有1例假阳性，假阳性率2．9％。比较PCR与增菌PCR对茵阳和菌阴病人的痰标本阳性检测率，有显著性差异（P〈0．05），而两种方法的假阳性率相同。结论增菌PCR检测结核分枝杆菌具有很高的敏感性和特异性，可作为结核病的有效辅助诊断方法之一。     

探针熔解曲线法联合交叉引物扩增技术快速检测耐药肺结核的研究

目的评价PCR熔解曲线法联合交叉引物扩增技术(CPA)快速检测耐药肺结核的临床价值。方法 2018年1月-2019年5月济宁市传染病医院结核门诊初诊疑似肺结核患者310例,采集痰标本,涂片,做萋苨氏染色、CPA检测、分枝杆菌BACTEC-MGIT 960快速分离培养及熔解曲线耐药检测,对培养阳性菌株进行菌型鉴定和比例法药敏试验。结果 310例患者痰标本涂片检查分枝杆菌阳性61例,阳性率19.7%(61/310),敏感度和特异度分别为62.2%和95.6%;痰培养分枝杆菌阳性141例,阳性率45.5%(141/310)。菌型鉴定为结核分枝杆菌(MTB)感染132例,非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)感染9例;CPA检测阳性148例,阳性率47.7%,方法的敏感度和特异度分别为94.2%和90.1%。以比例法药敏试验为金标准对132例患者的MTB分离菌株或CPA检测为阳性的痰标本进行探针熔解曲线耐药检测,RFP、INH、EMB、SM等4种抗结核药物检测的敏感度分别为96.82%、92.06%、86.79%和83.93%,特异度分别为95.65%、94.20%、78.48%和80.26%,诊断率分别为96.21%、93.18%、81.81%和81.81%。结论 PCR熔解曲线法和CPA检测技术操作简单、稳定、快速,特异度和敏感度较高,可提高MTB的检出率,两种方法联合使用可快速筛查患者MTB的耐药性。     

重视对结核分支杆菌L型的研究与检测

结核病细菌学常规检验方法检查的阳性率低。我国肺结核病痰标本涂片镜检的总体阳性率在3 0 %左右 ,培养检查法大体相当 (或略高 )还有 70 %左右是菌阴病例。而肺外结核则更低。这在实践中可能存在着假阴性 ,有时造成结核病诊断与鉴别诊断的困难 ,甚或漏诊与误诊。究其原因 ,一是传统的细菌学检验方法 ,尤其涂片镜检的敏感性低 ,一般痰标本每毫升含 5× 1 0 3 或以上抗酸杆菌才能被检测出 ,实际上有部分标本因检测方法敏感性问题造成假阴性 ;二是经培养证实确实存在着结核分支杆菌Ｌ型 ,在菌阴肺结核病标本中 ,结核分支杆菌Ｌ型阳性率约为 2 …     

应用免疫磁珠分离-改良罗氏培养技术检测痰结核分枝杆菌的研究

目的通过免疫磁珠分离技术(immunomagnetic beads separation techniques,IMBS)富集痰液中的结核分枝杆菌,提高痰液培养的阳性率,以期用于结核病的快速诊断。方法制备兔抗结核杆菌IgG抗体,并将其结合于免疫磁珠表面。采集71例确诊结核病患者的痰液标本,通过免疫磁珠分离技术捕获、富集吸附结核分枝杆菌后用改良罗氏培养基培养,并与传统改良罗氏(L-J)培养法和痰涂片抗酸染色法作比较。结果 71例结核病患者痰涂片抗酸染色检查阳性26例,阳性率36.6%;传统改良L-J培养阳性34例,阳性率47.9%;免疫磁珠分离技术捕获、富集结核分枝杆菌后进行改良L-J培养阳性48例,阳性率67.6%。三者阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),改良L-J培养和痰涂片检查阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用免疫磁珠分离技术捕获、富集痰液中的结核分枝杆菌后进行培养,可显著提高痰培养的阳性率,该方法可用于结核病的快速诊断。     

荧光探针杂交技术检测临床标本内结核分支杆菌的价值

目的　评价聚合酶链反应(PCR)荧光探针杂交技术(TaqMan技术)检测临床标本中结核分支杆菌的应用价值。方法 应用细菌学方法(涂片镜检和培养)及TaqMan法检测133份结核病患者痰标本,53份非结核呼吸系疾病患者痰标本。结果 细菌学方法检测结核病患者临床标本中结核分支杆菌阳性率为36.1%,TaqMan法阳性率为61.7%,高于细菌学检测法,经统计学处理,两者有显著性差异(P<0.05),用TaqMan法检测临床标本特异性为96.2%。结论 TaqMan技术将PCR扩增、荧光探针杂交及检测一体化,在单一管内完成,具有简便、快速、防污染、敏感性及特异性较高等优点,是结核病辅助诊断的有效方法之一。     

Value of smear and PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis.

At present, further investigations are needed in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and either negative sputum smear or without sputum. The aim of the present study was to analyse the yield of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) smear and PCR in patients with confirmed pulmonary TB. Patients with a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in sputum or BALF were analysed over 5 yrs. In total, 90 out of 230 (39%) patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB had a positive sputum smear, and 120 patients underwent bronchoscopy. BALF smear was positive in 56 (47%), BALF PCR in 93 (78%) patients, and BALF smear and/or PCR was positive in 83%. In total, 71 patients who underwent bronchoscopy and had complete clinical records were further analysed. BALF (smear or Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-PCR) allowed a rapid diagnosis in 10 (59%) out of 17 patients who had a negative sputum smear, and 49 (91%) out of 54 patients without sputum production. Of these 71 patients, 12 (17%) were only culture positive. Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary TB by smear and/or PCR was made in 190 out of 210 patients (90%) in sputum or BALF. In conclusion, combined use of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid smear and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-PCR has a good diagnostic yield in patients with sputum smear-negative tuberculosis or without sputum production.     

纤支镜在菌阴肺结核中的应用评估

目的 观察纤支镜在菌阴肺结核诊断中的价值.方法 分析190例入院时痰涂片和PCR分析均为阴性疑诊为肺结核患者的病例资料,从经纤支镜抗酸杆菌涂片的阳性率、PCR检测结核分枝杆菌阳性率、上皮性肉芽肿支气管活检、结核分枝杆菌的培养阳性率等四个方面进行分析.结果 190例病例中,经纤支镜取样的阳性率:42.6％(痰涂片),63.6％(PCR分析),31.2％(肉芽肿支气管活检),54.2％(痰培养),将各种检查手段联合起来,诊断率可以达到85.2％.结论 经纤支镜取样有较高阳性率,可以提供快速明确的结核诊断.     

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis using a polymerase chain reaction assay

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens of patients suspected of having active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) but who were sputum smear-negative. Patients undergoing investigation for suspected pulmonary TB at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, and who were sputum smear-negative underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy and BAL. One portion of each lavage specimen was submitted for smear examination for acid-fast bacilli and mycobacterial culture and the other portion assayed by PCR for the presence of a 562-base pair DNA segment belonging to the insertion sequence IS986, unique to the M. tuberculosis complex. As controls, lavage specimens from patients with other lung lesions were also similarly tested. The PCR assay gave a positivity rate of 80.9% (55 of 68) compared with 8.8% of smear examination and 7.4% of culture for detecting M. tuberculosis in BAL specimens. The assay was positive in two of 45 BAL specimens from 35 control subjects. The PCR assay was more sensitive than smear and culture in detecting M. tuberculosis in BAL specimens of patients with sputum smear-negative pulmonary TB.     

结核抗体lgG/lgM检测在肺结核和肺外结核中的诊断价值

目的 探讨异种血清抗体检测技术在结核病诊断中的应用价值。方法 采用IgG/IgM抗体试剂盒分别检测102例结核病患者(包括73例肺结核和29例肺外结核)、223例其他肺部疾病患者和100例对照者结核感染情况,以临床诊断为标准评价该方法的敏感度和特异性,同时分别与痰菌培养及痰涂片平行检验的结果作比较,统计学分析采用χ²检验。结果 结核抗体IgG/IgM检测结核病患者的敏感度为74.51%、特异度为91.64%。结核抗体IgG/IgM检测肺结核和肺外结核的敏感度分别为82.19%、55.17%,肺内和肺外结核的敏感度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),结核抗体lgG/IgM检测结核患者阳性检出率明显高于痰培养法和痰涂片法(P<0.05)。102例结核病患者年龄段分组分析,少年组和老年组检出率分别为58.33%、36%,远低于青年组和中年组的96.15%和89.74%。不同年龄组间进行卡方比较分析显示,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义。425例标本中,共发现8例非结核分枝杆菌,其中6例胞内分枝杆菌, 2例脓肿分枝杆菌,lgG/lgM抗体检测均为阴性。结论 IgG/IgM血清抗体检测肺内、外结核具有快速方便、经济和较高的敏感度,适合用于临床结核筛查。     

AmpliSensor—聚合酶链反应定量检测肺结核患者外周血结 …

目的 探讨ＡｍｐｌｉＳｅｎｓｏｒ－聚合酶链反应定量检测外周血中结核分支杆菌ＤＮＡ在肺结核的应用价值。方法 采用ＱｌＡａｍｐ和ＡｃｕＰｕｒｅ法提取，制备全血中模板ＴＢ－ＤＮＡ，应用ＡｍｐｌｉＳｅｎｓｏｒ－ＰＣＲ定量检测，并与ＩＳ６１１０－单管巢式聚合酶链反应（ＳＮ－ＰＣＲ）作比较。结果２００例肺结核患者的血液标本中，两种方法测得结核分支杆菌ＤＮＡ的阳性率分别为６０．５％、６３．５％。８５例非结核肺病     

Pulmonary tuberculosis in the West Bank, Palestinian Authority: molecular diagnostic approach

Objective To compare the effectiveness and feasibility of an insertion sequence (IS6110)‐based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with conventional methods of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to analyse mutations present in the hot spot region of the RNA polymerase B subunit (rpoB) gene associated with rifampin resistance by DNA sequencing. Methods Ninety‐five sputum samples from 84 clinically suspected cases of tuberculosis were tested for mycobacterial infections by Ziehl Neelsen smear examination, Lowenstein‐Jensen culture and IS6110‐based PCR assay. Results Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR were 94%; the sensitivity of culture was 65%, and of smear tests, 59%. Both smear microscopy and culture had 100% specificity. DNA sequencing data of the 305‐bp fragment of the rpoB gene for nine clinical isolates revealed one point mutation at position I572F and double mutations at position S531F in two isolates obtained from two patients who did not respond to the anti‐tuberculosis therapy. Conclusion IS6110‐based PCR can be used routinely in clinical laboratories for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and thus allow early diagnosis and treatment of any contacts by the cheapest method currently available in the Palestinian Authority region. Rapid detection of rifampin resistance isolates will enable efficient treatment of patients and assist in eradication of the disease in the Palestinian territories.     

Laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in TB and HIV endemic settings and the contribution of real time PCR for M. tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Background Tuberculosis (TB) in Africa is increasing because of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, and in HIV/AIDS patients it presents atypically. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Africa is mainly diagnosed clinically, by chest radiograph or by sputum smear for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Methods We evaluated in 120 HIV‐infected patients with chest infection the diagnostic accuracy of AFB smear of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture, real‐time PCR and MycoDot^® serological test, using MTB culture of BAL fluid as gold standard. We correlated PCR cycle threshold values (C_T) to the culture results. Retrospectively, we evaluated the development of active TB in patients with positive PCR but negative culture. Results Culture of BAL fluid identified 28 patients with PTB. Fifty‐six patients could not produce adequate sputum. Sputum AFB smear and the serological test had sensitivities of 66.7% and 0%, respectively. PCR with C_T 40 was positive in 73 patients, 27 of whom were also TB culture positive (96.4% sensitivity and 52.3% specificity of PCR). PCR with C_T 32 had sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 90.9% to diagnose PTB in BAL. No patients with positive PCR but negative culture developed active TB during 18 months follow‐up. Conclusion In these HIV‐infected patients, AFB smear and serology had very low sensitivities. PCR of BAL with C_T value 32 had improved specificity to diagnose active PTB. A prospective follow‐up study is warranted in TB/HIV endemic settings, applying real time PCR to both sputum and BAL.     

结核抗体IgG检测辅助诊断结核病的应用价值

目的 探讨结核抗体IgG检测(简称“IgG检测”)辅助诊断结核病的应用价值。方法 收集黑龙江省传染病防治院2015年7月至2016年5月期间,具有IgG检测、抗酸杆菌涂片(简称“涂片”)镜检、结核分枝杆菌液体培养(简称“液体培养”)、CT扫描及临床诊断等资料的住院及门诊患者,共计1494例,其中继发性肺结核1020例(肺结核组)、肺外结核54例(肺外结核组)和排除结核病的其他肺部疾病420例(其他肺病组),对比分析不同患者的临床资料。结果 1020例肺结核患者和54例肺外结核患者的IgG检测阳性率分别为73.33%(748/1020)、62.96%(34/54),高于涂片镜检[分别为43.24%(441/1020)、20.37%(11/54)]和液体培养[分别为61.37%(626/1020)、29.63%(16/54)](χ ²=190.02,P<0.001;χ ²=20.15, P<0.001; χ ²=33.18,P<0.001; χ ²=12.07,P=0.001);IgG检测肺结核与其他肺病患者的阳性率(6.90%,29/420)差异有统计学意义(χ ²=553.47,P<0.001)。IgG检测1440例肺部疾病患者的敏感度、特异度、总符合率分别为73.33%(748/1020)、93.10%(391/420)、79.10%(1139/1440)。1020例肺结核患者中,涂片镜检阳性者的IgG检测阳性率(86.85%,383/441)与涂片镜检阴性者的IgG检测阳性率(63.04%,365/579),以及液体培养阳性者的IgG检测阳性率(80.51%,504/626)与液体培养阴性者的IgG检测阳性率(61.93%,244/394)的差异均有统计学意义(χ ²值分别为72.56、42.70,P值均<0.001)。分别以涂片镜检和液体培养为标准,IgG检测1020例肺结核组患者的敏感度、特异度、总符合率分别为86.85%(383/441)和80.51%(504/626) 、36.96%(214/579)和38.07%(150/394)、58.53%(597/1020)和64.12%(654/1020)。1020例肺结核组患者中涂阴培阴(菌阴)肺结核患者为372例(36.47%),其IgG检测阳性率为61.29%(228/372),阳性患者的CT扫描表现以斑片、条索状阴影(83.77%,191/228)多见。420例其他肺病患者IgG检测假阳性率为6.90%(29/420),与肺部感染(62.07%,18/29)和肿瘤(13.79%,4/29)患者有少量交叉反应。 结论 结核抗体IgG检测具有较高的敏感度和特异度,对结核病,尤其是对菌阴肺结核和肺外结核检出具有较高的辅助诊断价值。