颅咽管瘤MRI、CT诊断(附17例分析)

收集经手术病理证实 ,且影像学资料完整颅咽管瘤 1 7例 ,其中 ,囊性型 5例 ,囊 实性混合型 9例 ,实性型 3例 ,分析各型ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ表现 ,探讨定位、定性诊断价值。1　材料与方法　　本组中男 7例 ,女 1 0例 ,年龄 3～ 35岁 ,平均 1 9.5岁。主诉 :头痛伴视物模糊 1 5例 ,头痛伴肢体乏力 2例。 1 7例均经手术病理证实 ,其中 ,囊性型 5例 ,实性型 3例 ,囊 实混合型 9例。所有病例均作了ＭＲＩ平扫、增强及ＣＴ平扫检查。ＭＲＩ检查采用ＧＥＶｅｃｔｒａ 0 .5Ｔ和ＤｉａｓｏｎｉｃＭＰ/Ｓ 0 .35Ｔ超导磁共振成像仪 ,常规矢状位定位后 ,作ＳＥ…     

甲状腺癌CT、MRI表现6例分析

关于甲状腺癌的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ诊断 ,文献报道不多。本文搜集 6例 ,分析报道如下。1　材料与方法本组 6例 ,男 2例 ,女 4例。年龄最大者 75岁 ,最小者 5 4岁 ,平均 65岁。 6例均以颈部肿块就诊 ,发现时间 2 0天～ 4年不等。经手术后病理证实为甲状腺癌 ,术前均行ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ检查。ＣＴ检查由岛津Ｓｈｉｍａｄｚｕ 3 0 0 0ＴＥＣＴ机完成 ,层厚 5ｍｍ ,层距 5ｍｍ ,增强前后均行轴位扫描。ＭＲＩ由岛津ＳＭＴ -5 0Ｘ/Ｈ场强 0 .5Ｔ超导型ＭＲＩ机完成 ,分别行自旋回波轴位、矢状位及冠状位Ｔ1ＷＩ及Ｔ2 ＷＩ。增强对比剂为Ｇｄ ＤＴＰＡ。2　…     

软组织低度恶性脂肪肉瘤的MRI诊断

软组织病变好发于四肢、躯干等部位 ,来源比较复杂 ,发生率相对较低 ,其ＭＲ表现尚有待不断总结。本文分析了近年来我院行ＭＲ检查并经手术、病理证实的脂肪肉瘤的ＭＲＩ表现 ,以期提高对该病的认识。1　材料与方法患者 9例 ,男 2例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 18～ 6 5岁 ,平均 5 0岁。患者以局部无痛或痛性肿块就诊 ,病程为 2周～ 8年。 9例均有同期Ｘ线平片 ,1例有同期ＣＴ片 ,均经手术及病理检查证实。ＭＲ扫描使用Ｓｉｅｍｅｎｓ 1.5Ｔ超导磁共振机 ,使用体部线圈或膝线圈 ,均行Ｔ1ＷＩ与Ｔ2 ＷＩ扫描 ,获取轴位、矢状位与冠状位图像 ,层厚 3～ 6ｍ…     

颅内恶性黑色素瘤的CT、MRI诊断(附11例报告)

颅内恶性黑色素瘤少见 ,ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ易将其误诊为脑膜瘤、脑转移瘤等。为提高颅内恶性黑色素瘤的ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ诊断水平 ,对经ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ检查 ,并经手术病理证实的 11例患者报告如下。1　临床资料　　 11例患者中 ,男 7例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 185 7岁。主要表现 :头痛、恶心呕吐、视力下降、失语、肢体无力及走路不稳等。 1例 7年前行左手拇指黑色素瘤切除术 ,10例均行ＣＴ平扫和强化扫描 ,4例行ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查 ,1例行ＭＲＩＧｄ ＤＴＰＡ检查。 10例经手术病理证实 ,1例结合拇指恶性黑色素瘤手术史和颅脑ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ诊断为转移性颅内恶性黑…     

鞍区病变MRI误诊7例分析

鞍区病变种类较多[1] ,容易误诊。本文对经病理证实ＭＲＩ误诊的鞍区病变 7例作回顾性分析 ,旨在提高鞍区病变诊断准确性。现报告如下。1　材料及方法1 1　一般资料　男 5例、女 2例 ,年龄 13～ 6 0岁 ,平均 31岁。本组 7例全经手术病理证实。1 2　检查方法　本组 7例用常规ＳＥ序列Ｔ1ＷＩ及Ｔ2 ＷＩ平扫 ,经肘静脉注入Ｇｄ ＤＴＰＡ 10～ 12ｍｌ行Ｔ1ＷＩ增强。层厚 3～ 5ｍｍ ,层间隔 0 .3～ 1ｍｍ。2　误诊情况　见表 1。表 1　 7例鞍区病变ＭＲＩ误诊情况病例病　　史ＭＲＩ表现ＭＲＩ诊断术后病理1　　女 ,1 3岁 ,癫痫发作 1 5ｄ　鞍…     

囊性肾癌的CT诊断(附9例分析)

目的：探讨ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ诊断囊性肾癌的价值。材料与方法：囊性肾癌９例的ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ特征性表现分析与手术病理对照。结果：肿瘤位于右肾６例,左肾３例,呈椭圆形及不规则形。ＣＴ呈囊性低密度区,ＭＲＩ的Ｔ１ＷＩ呈低信号,Ｔ２ＷＩ呈高信号区。ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ的特征性表现：（１）肿瘤囊壁厚薄不均,可伴有囊内壁结节;（２）单囊腔多于多囊分隔;（３）肿瘤由肾实质向外生长,肿瘤与肾脏构成“８”字形;（４）肿瘤压迫肾脏向腹腔移位及肾脏代偿性增大。结论：本研究总结的ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ特征性表现,为囊性肾癌的诊断与鉴别提供了依据。     

30例肾癌的影象检查与诊断

目的：本文探讨肾癌的各种影象检查与诊断的应用价值及其限制。方法：３０例肾癌患者经传统Ｘ线检查２４例;Ｂ超２８例;ＣＴ１１例;ＭＲ１２例;其中２８例经手术、病理证实。结果：传统Ｘ线检查应用简单,对提示病变部位意义较大,但定性较差;Ｂ型超 显象简单易行无损伤性检查,对囊性与实性病变的鉴别相当可靠,优于传统Ｘ线检查;ＣＴ与ＭＲＩ在检查肾癌的诊断中非常重要,不仅能表现病变的形态,且对肾癌的分期准确性很高,     

囊性肾癌的CT诊断

目的：探讨ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ诊断囊性肾癌的价值。材料与方法：囊性肾癌９例的ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ特征性表现分析与手术病理对照。结果;肿瘤位于右肾６例,左肾３例,呈椭圆形及不规则形。ＣＴ呈囊性低密度区,ＭＲＩ的Ｔ１ＷＩ呈低信号,Ｔ２ＷＩ呈高信号区。ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ的特征性表现：（１）肿瘤囊壁厚薄不均,可伴有囊内壁结节;（２）单囊腔多于多囊分隔;（３）肿瘤由肾实质向外生长,肿瘤与肾脏构成“８”字形;（４）肿瘤压缩肾向腹腔     

中枢神经细胞瘤MRI、CT诊断(附4例分析)

中枢神经细胞瘤为一种少见的新分类的神经上皮性肿瘤 ,本文搜集了我院 2 0 0 0 -0 6至今 4例经手术病理证实的中枢神经细胞瘤病例 ,分析其ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ表现。1　资料和方法本组 4例中男 3例 ,女 1例 ,年龄 12～ 35岁。患者皆因反复发作性头痛入院 ,病程最长者约 7个月。肿瘤发生部位 :侧脑室联合部肿瘤 3例、三脑室中枢神经细胞瘤并脑膜广泛转移 1例。 2例肿瘤手术完全切除 ,另 2例仅行肿瘤大部或部分切除。全部病例术前均行头颅ＭＲＩ平扫和增强检查 ,其中 1例行头颅ＣＴ平扫。ＭＲ机为ＧＥＳｉｇｎａＨｏｒｉｚｏｎＬＸ 1.5超导磁共振仪 ,…     

儿童肾癌的CT诊断(附七例报告)

目的探讨儿童肾癌的ＣＴ诊断。方法回顾性分析７例经手术病理证实为儿童肾癌的ＣＴ表现。男４例，女３例；年龄３～１３岁，平均年龄９岁。全部病例行平扫与增强检查。结果儿童肾癌具有学龄期发病优势，这有别于Ｗｉｌｍｓ瘤好发于学龄前期。儿童肾癌的ＣＴ表现与Ｗｉｌｍｓ瘤极为相似而难以区分者３例；２例小肾癌表现颇具特征，ＣＴ平扫呈轻度高密度影，增强后轻度强化；表现为巨大类囊性低密度肿块（直径＞１０ｃｍ）２例。结论临床特点与ＣＴ表现相结合，可对部分儿童肾癌做出明确诊断     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.