硬性胆道镜保胆取石(息肉)80例报告

目的探讨硬性胆道镜微创保胆取石(息肉)的可行性。方法2006年10月～2007年3月,用Wolf硬性胆道镜行保胆取石(息肉)手术80例。喉罩全身麻醉,迷你腹腔镜直视肋缘下小切口抓取胆囊,胆囊底部小切口,应用Wolf硬性胆道镜进行胆囊探查、取石(息肉),直径>0.5cm的结石,用套石网取出,直径<0.5cm的结石以及泥沙样结石用胆囊泥沙样结石吸取箱取出,取石钳从根部摘除胆囊息肉。应用胆囊泥沙样结石吸取箱设备,用推、挤、压、撕、撑、冲6种手法,发现并清除8例55窝胆囊黏膜下结石,3-0肠线间断缝合胆囊底部切口。结果80例硬镜微创保胆取石(息肉)手术顺利,平均手术时间63min,平均住院4d,均治愈出院,无并发症发生。发现并清除8例55窝胆囊黏膜下结石,最少1例1窝,最多1例30窝,发生率10%。结论硬性胆道镜微创保胆取石术是一项新技术,安全、有效。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜腹腔外保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石的临床应用(附63例报告)

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜腹腔外保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石的临床应用价值.方法 总结63例采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜腹腔外保胆取石术的临床资料.结果 60例保胆取石手术获得成功.无并发症,均取得满意疗效.结论 对胆囊功能良好的患者采用腹腔镜、胆道镜联合微创保胆取石术,既能取尽结石,又能保留胆囊,且并发症少,具有临床推广价值.     

腹腔镜联合硬性胆道镜微创保胆取石(息肉)术60例临床分析

目的 探讨联合应用腹腔镜、硬性胆道镜行微创保胆取石(息肉)术治疗胆囊结石(息肉)的适应证、优势、可行性及手术技巧.方法 对2009年4月～2009年12月该科60例采用腹腔镜联合硬性胆道镜微创保胆取石(息肉)术的胆囊结石(息肉)患者病例资料进行回顾分析.结果 60例患者中,54例成功取净结石(息肉),取出结石最大直径约3.2cm,结石数最多52颗.手术时间40～120min,平均75min.术后第2天低脂流质饮食.平均住院时间5 d.无手术中或术后并发症发生.6例患者中转LC.结论 掌握好手术技巧,腹腔镜、硬性胆道镜联合应用微创保胆取石(息肉)术是安全可行的,同时保持了胆管的完整性及胆囊功能,临床上具有良好的应用前景.     

腹腔镜联合硬性胆道镜保胆取石术的临床观察(附268例报告)

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合硬性胆道镜保胆取石的临床应用价值.方法 总结该院2006年12月～2009年8月,Olympus腹腔镜联合Wolf硬性胆道镜行保胆取石手术268例,采用气管插管全身麻醉,腹腔镜辅助下右肋缘下小切口提出胆囊,胆囊底丝线缝吊牵引,建立胆道镜通道,应用WoIf硬性胆道镜结合取石篮、取石钳及气压弹道碎石取出结石.4-0可吸收线缝扎胆囊底切口.结果 268例中263例保胆成功,5例胆囊管结石嵌顿改行LC术.平均手术时间55min,平均住院5d,均治愈出院,无并发症发生.结论 腹腔镜联合硬性胆道镜保胆取石术安全可靠,切实可行.     

完全腹腔镜结合胆道硬镜保胆取石术和取息肉术

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜结合胆道硬镜保胆取石和取息肉的手术方法 和应用价值.方法 总结2009年1月～2009年4月91例完全腹腔镜下保胆取石(或息肉)术的经验,其中胆囊结石67例,胆色素结石36例,胆固醇结石26例,混合性结石5例.在胆囊结石中合并有胆囊壁问结石23例,占34.33%,行胆囊切开胆道硬镜取石术;胆囊息肉24例患者中,22例胆固醇性息肉,2例为胆囊腺瘤样息肉,用胆道镜取尽息肉.结果 91例保胆患者手术均获成功.手术时间80～190(109±33)min,术后住院4～7(6.0±0.8)d,术后排气时间6～30(14.3±4.2)h,所有患者均治愈.因术后时间短,无随访结论 .结论 完全腹腔镜结合胆道硬镜保胆取石(或息肉)术对于保留胆囊及胆囊的功能具有重要的意义.     

经皮经肝窦道胆道镜联合肾镜保胆取石术的临床疗效研究

目的探讨经皮经肝胆囊窦道胆道镜联合肾镜保胆取石的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析该院肝胆外科收治的119例保胆取石患者的临床资料。其中,经皮经肝胆囊窦道胆道镜联合肾镜保胆取石术57例做为治疗组;腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石术62例做为对照组。比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、住院时间、一期结石清除率和结石复发率等方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胆道镜联合肾镜经皮经肝窦道保胆取石术与腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石术相比,同样具有安全、有效、并发症少的特点,值得在临床中推广应用。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石治疗胆囊结石术式探讨(附65例报告)

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜保胆取石治疗胆囊结石的手术方式.方法 回顾分析采用腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜保胆取石术治疗65例胆囊结石患者的临床资料.结果 63例均成功取尽结石.行腹腔镜下腹腔外胆道镜保胆取石术46例,平均手术时间65 min,平均住院时间5 d;行腹腔镜下腹腔内胆道镜取石术17例,平均手术时间96min,平均住院时间6.5 d;腹腔镜胆囊切除术2例.结石最大直径约3 cm,无出血、胆漏、伤口感染、脂肪液化及心肺等并发症发生.对56例患者随访1～30个月,2例复发.结论 腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜保胆取石术是根据术中探查情况,对各种保胆取石术式取长补短,尽最大可能既使手术安全、操作简单、微创、手术时间短、术后并发症少,又尽可能保留了胆囊的功能,值得临床推广应用.     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石(附56例病例报告)

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜行微创保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石病的适应证、手术方法及临床疗效.方法 回顾分析56例腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石病患者的临床资料.结果 56例病人中,成功行微创保胆取石术54例,2例病人由于慢性炎症较重,中转为腹腔镜胆囊切除术.保胆取石术54例,手术时间30～70min,平均52min,住院时间2～6d,无术中及术后并发症发生,术后随访6～12个月,1例病人复发少量泥沙样结石(1.9%).结论 选择合适病人,联合应用腹腔镜、胆道镜行微创保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石病是可行、有效和安全的.     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石术的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石/息肉术的临床疗效及安全性.方法:回顾分析2011年3月-2012年9月采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜成功行保胆取石/息肉术的376例患者的临床资料.结果:手术平均时间(90±12)min,平均住院时间(5±1)d.手术均治愈顺利出院,无胆漏、胆囊及胆管出血、腹腔感染、胆石及息肉残留等并发症的发生.术后随访6～14个月,结石复发3例,复发率1.0％.结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石术应严格掌握适应证.双镜联合取石安全、可行、有效.     

对132例保胆取石及息肉切除术的临床观察

目的 探讨胆道镜保胆取石及息肉切除术的疗效.方法 利用Olympus CHF 20纤维胆道镜对106例胆囊结石患者、26例胆囊息肉患者进行保留胆囊、取净结石和切除息肉的手术.手术后采用信函、电话及家访等手段进行调查,观察患者手术后胆囊结石复发情况.结果 106例胆囊结石经过保胆取石患者结石复发率饵为2%,息肉切除的26例患者,无1例胆囊息肉复发和息肉出现.该组患者手术无胆管损伤、胆漏以及胆总管结石出现.结论 胆道镜胆囊切开保胆取石及息肉切除术对胆囊的良性疾病具有很高的治疗价值.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.