神经调节蛋白-1与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠神经干细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的:探讨神经调节蛋白-1(NRG-1)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖和分化的影响.方法:从新生大鼠大脑组织分离NSCs,进行体外培养,分别用bFGF、 NRG-1和NRG-1加bFGF处理,观察各组神经球的形成情况;应用免疫细胞化学法鉴定NSCs及检测分化后神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、 2,3-环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶(CNP)的表达.结果:NRG+bFGF组和bFGF组形成的神经球数量和直径的差别不明显,但都明显多于和大于NRG组和对照组.免疫细胞化学显色结果显示,NRG+bFGF组、bFGF组中的神经球分化出的NSE、 GFAP、 CNP阳性细胞数量明显多于NRG组和对照组,尤其是NRG+bFGF组分化的NSE、CNP阳性细胞的突起较bFGF组更长和增多.结论:NRG-1与bFGF合用能促进NSCs的增殖和分化,促进分化的神经元、少突胶质细胞突起的生长.     

与14-3-3ζ相互作用的蛋白Polo样激酶1的筛选与鉴定

目的:应用酵母双杂交系统筛选与14-3-3ζ相互作用的蛋白,进一步鉴定其与Polo样激酶1(Plk1)相互作用。方法:构建pGBKT7-14-3-3ζ诱饵表达载体,筛选HeLa细胞cDNA文库中与14-3-3ζ相互作用蛋白,进一步通过共转酵母、免疫荧光以及外源性和内源性的细胞免疫共沉淀实验验证两者的相互作用。结果:通过酵母双杂交系统筛选出的阳性相互作用蛋白中包括Plk1,进一步通过共转酵母,外源性和内源性的细胞免疫共沉淀实验证实两者的相互作用,免疫荧光实验证实两者共定位于有丝分裂过程中胞质分裂期的中体。结论:Plk1是高度保守的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,在中体的成熟,有丝分裂期染色体的分离,胞质分裂以及DNA的损伤应答等环节发挥重要作用,其与14-3-3ζ的相互作用为14-3-3蛋白家族参与有丝分裂(M期)的调控提供了直接证据。     

半胱氨酸和甘氨酸富集蛋白1的基因克隆真核表达及细胞定位

目的 构建带FLAG标签的半胱氨酸和甘氨酸富集蛋白1(CRP1)的真核表达载体,明确该融合蛋白在人胚肾293T细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞和乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞中的表达及定位情况.方法 采用PCR技术从乳腺cDNA文库中扩增出人CRP1基因,并将其插入到pCMV-Tag2B表达载体中;将重组质粒转染人胚肾293T细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞、乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞,Western blot法检测转染细胞的表达情况;荧光显微镜观察pCMV-FLAG-CRP1在人胚肾293T细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞、乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞中的定位.结果 双酶切和测序鉴定表明,pCMV-FLAG-CRP1真核表达质粒构建成功;Western blot法检测pCMV-FLAG-CRP1转染293T细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞、乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞后成功表达;荧光显微镜下观察,在293T、HepG2、ZR75-1细胞中,CRP1在细胞质和细胞核中均有分布,且胞质信号强于胞核.结论成功构建pCMV-FLAG-CRP1真核表达载体,CRP1可在不同细胞中的胞质和胞核表达.     

大鼠下丘脑HAP1表达的年龄变化及禁水对下丘脑-神经垂体HAP1表达的影响

本研究在应用免疫组织化学技术观察了享廷顿蛋白相关蛋白1(huntingtin associated protein 1，HAP1)在大鼠脑内分布特征的基础上，比较了下丘脑HAP1表达的年龄变化，观察了下丘脑视上核、室旁核HAP1与加压素(vasopressin，VP)间的关系，HAP1在神经垂体中定位，并观察了禁水对下丘脑和神经垂体中HAP1表达的影响。     

Alzheimer病患者和大鼠脑内早老蛋白-1的分布

用免疫组化方法和原位杂交观察散发性阿尔茨海默病 (Sporadic Alzheimer' s disease)病人和老年对照 ,以及成年大鼠脑组织内的早老蛋白 -1(Presenilin-1,PS1)分布。结果观察到 PS1在脑内广泛分布 ,其中小脑的 Purkinje细胞、皮层的第 、 层细胞、内嗅皮层的第 层、海马的锥体细胞层和颗粒细胞层、黑质等结构 PS1表达较高。在大鼠和正常对照人脑内大多数 PS1阳性神经元染色呈点状分布于胞浆内 ;而阿尔茨海默病人脑内有许多 PS1阳性神经元为均质染色并且其中有些呈神经原纤维缠结状 ,其次有大量各型 PS1阳性老年斑 ,和少量 PS1阳性胶质细胞。结果提示 PS1可能参与散发性阿尔茨海默病脑病理改变     

神经胶质瘤中β-抑制蛋白1的表达及意义

目的检测神经胶质瘤中β-抑制蛋白1(ARRB1)的表达水平及临床意义。方法采用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测胶质瘤细胞系中ARRB1的表达水平;通过肿瘤微阵列数据库(Oncomine)及Project Betastasis平台分析ARRB1 mRNA在神经胶质瘤中的表达情况;采用免疫组织化学方法检测神经胶质瘤组织及瘤旁脑组织中ARRB1的表达水平;应用Kaplan Meier分析ARRB1的表达水平与胶质瘤患者预后的关系。结果与正常人脑组织和人胚肾细胞系(HEK293)相比,神经胶质瘤细胞系中ARRB1的mRNA和蛋白水平降低;Oncomine数据库结果显示,多个神经胶质瘤基因芯片中ARRB1 mRNA水平较正常对照组明显降低(P0.001),ARRB1在恶性程度较高的胶质母细胞瘤中下降程度更加明显;免疫组织化学结果显示,与瘤旁脑组织相比神经胶质瘤中ARRB1表达降低,而且Ⅲ-Ⅳ期较Ⅰ-Ⅱ期神经胶质瘤降低更加明显。此外,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线结果显示,ARRB1的表达水平与神经胶质瘤患者的生存时间存在相关性(P0.05)。结论神经胶质瘤ARRB1水平下调,可作为反映神经胶质瘤临床病理学特点的指标;另外,ARRB1可作为判断神经胶质瘤患者预后的生物标志物。     

糖尿病大鼠下颌下腺内水通道蛋白-1和5表达变化及意义

目的:观察水通道蛋白-1(AQP1)和水通道蛋白-5(AQP5)在糖尿病大鼠下颌下腺内表达变化,探讨糖尿病患者口渴症状的发生机制.方法:SD大鼠随机分为对照组、糖尿病组、治疗组.取大鼠下颌下腺,分别进行H-E染色、免疫组织化学显色(SP法)和计算机图像分析.结果:对照组和治疗组的血糖分别与糖尿病组血糖比较,均有差异;与...     

低氧诱导因子-1α基因促进大鼠局灶性脑缺血后神经干细胞的增殖和分化

目的观察低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)基因对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后内源性神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖和分化的影响,并探讨HIF-1α对内源性NSCs增殖分化的作用机制。方法建立大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,分为假手术组(sham)、生理盐水组(NS)、腺病毒空载体组(AD)及携带HIF-1α基因的重组腺病毒组(Ad-HIF-1α)。分别将NS、AD和Ad-HIF-lα注射到模型鼠缺血侧侧脑室,观察4组大鼠神经功能缺失评分;免疫组织化学法观察4组大鼠局灶性脑缺血后缺血灶周围促红细胞生成素(EPO)的表达;免疫荧光法计数再灌注不同时间点室管膜下区(SVZ)BrdU阳性细胞(3d、7d、14d、21d、28d)和皮层BrdU/NF200、BrdU/GFAP(28d)阳性双标细胞。结果Ad-HIF-lα组神经功能缺失评分与AD组和NS组比较,结果有统计学差异;EPO表达增强;Ad-HIF-lα组BrdU标记细胞数明显增加;新生细胞分化结果显示,28d时Ad-HIF-lα组BrdU/NF200(47.74±13.52)%、BrdU/GFAP(67.83±20.75)%,与其他组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论低氧诱导因子-1α基因可促进大鼠局灶性脑缺血后内源性NSCs的增殖与分化,从而促进神经功能的恢复。     

睡眠剥夺后大鼠皮质、海马和杏仁核微管相关蛋白-2及神经丝蛋白的表达变化

目的探讨睡眠剥夺后大鼠皮质、海马和杏仁核微管相关蛋白-2(MAP-2)及神经丝蛋白(NF-200)表达的变化。方法采用改良小平台水环境法制作大鼠睡眠剥夺模型,大鼠随机分为睡眠剥夺组(SD组)、环境对照组(TC组)和空白对照组(CC组)。SD组包括睡眠剥夺6h、12h、1d、2d、3d、5d、7d共7个时点,每个时间点5只大鼠,CC组5只。免疫组织化学法观察MAP-2和NF-200阳性表达。结果睡眠剥夺5d和7d时,皮质、CA1、CA2、CA3、齿状回和杏仁核MAP-2和NF-200阳性表达减少(P0.05,P0.01)。结论睡眠剥夺可导致脑组织MAP-2和NF-200表达减少。     

氯化钴和跑台运动对大鼠海马神经发生及低氧诱导因子-1水平的影响

目的:比较氯化钴(CoCl2)所致机体低氧和跑台运动对大鼠海马齿状回新生细胞数量和低氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)水平的影响.方法:腹腔注射CoCl2和BrdU于动物,运动方式为跑台运动,大鼠海马齿状回新生细胞和HIF-1采用免疫荧光显色显示.结果:小强度跑台运动组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU免疫阳性(BrdU+)细胞数量显...     

Dynamic storage of glutamate in rat brain synaptic vesicles

Storage of [³H]glutamate accumulated by highly purified synaptic vesicles from brain was characterized. [³H]Glutamate was lost with single exponential kinetics with a time constant of minutes after synaptic vesicles were diluted into medium that allowed uptake to continue but that contained unlabeled glutamate in place of [³H]glutamate. This [³H]glutamate efflux occurred at similar rates in media containing 50 and 500 μM glutamate, which suggests that it did not depend on the rate of glutamate transport and was independent of the external and internal glutamate concentrations. All efflux was blocked at 0°C. These results imply that glutamate stored in synaptic vesicles turns over with a half-time of minutes, even during active uptake under physiological conditions.     

High molecular weight immunoreactive basic fibroblast growth factor-like proteins in rat pituitary and brain

Four proteins immunologically related to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been detected by Western blot analysis in the extract from rat anterior pituitary. Their apparent molecular weights are 29, 27, 18, and 14 kDa, respectively. A similar immunoreactive pattern has been observed in the rat tumor pituitary GH3 cell line. In the extracts from rat neurohypophysis, hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum, olfactory tubercles, cerebellum, and cortex only the 29 kDa form is detectable in a significant amount.     

Nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity in rat brain and spinal cord autonomic nuclei

Nesfatin-1 is one of the peptide products of posttranslational processing of the nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) gene, suggested to have physiological relevance to suppress food intake and body weight gain in rats. Nesfatin-1-immunoreactive cells have been found in distinct nuclei in the rat brain related to circuitries regulating food intake. Here, we report novel yet undescribed localization of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 at the mRNA and protein level in the rat central nervous system. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the localization of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the piriform and insular cortex, endopiriform nucleus, nucleus accumbens, lateral septum, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, central amygdaloid nucleus, medial preoptic area, dorsal raphe nucleus, ambiguus nucleus, ventrolateral medulla and gigantocellular reticular nucleus, as well as Purkinje-cells of the cerebellum. In the spinal cord, nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity (IR) was found in both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neuronal groups and in the dorsal area X from lower thoracic to sacral segments. The immunohistochemical results were confirmed by RT-PCR in the central amygdaloid nucleus, nucleus accumbens, cerebellum and lumbar spinal cord microdissected by punch technique. The features and distributions of nesfatin-1 IR and mRNA expression in the brain and spinal cord suggest that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 could play a wider role in autonomic regulation of visceral-endocrine functions besides food intake.     

抗酪氨酸酶相关蛋白-1B细胞表位区多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的：制备多克隆抗体并初步用于TRP—1抗原表位区的研究，为白癜风、恶性黑素瘤的免疫治疗提供实验依据。方法：在大肠杆菌中表达PRSETA／TRP—1融合蚩白，用所获得的蛋白免疫新西兰白兔得到多克隆抗体，并用ELISA、Western—blot方法进行此抗体的鉴定。结果：①表达了PRSETA／TRP—1融合蛋白；②制备了抗TRP—1B细胞表位区的多克隆抗体；③并用多克隆抗体检测了毕赤酵母表达的6His—TRP1蛋白，证实此抗体效价高、特异性强。结论：此抗体可用于TRP—1B细胞表位肽段的进一步研究。     

Cellular localization of angiotensin type 1 receptor and angiotensinogen mRNAs in the subfornical organ of the rat brain

The cellular localization of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT 1) and angiotensinogen mRNA expression in the subfornical organ (SFO) of the rat brain has been studied by means of non-radioactive in situ hybridization combined with immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Neutral red staining. The AT 1 receptor mRNA expression is shown to be within putative nerve cells without any association with the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive (IR) cells. In contrast the angiotensinogen cRNA expression is associated predominantly with GFAP-IR cells. The results demonstrate that a neuronal AT 1 receptor mediates the actions of circulating angiotensin II on the SFO and that the angiotensinogen mRNA is predominantly expressed in the SFO astroglial cells.     

Multimodality multidimensional image analysis of cortical and subcortical plasticity in the rat brain

In this work, we developed and implemented a multimodality multidimensional imaging system which is capable of generating and displaying anatomical and functional images of selected structures and processes within a vertebrate's central nervous system (CNS). The functional images are generated from [¹⁴C]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) autoradiography whereas the anatomic images are derived from cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry. This multi-modality imaging system has been used to study mechanisms underlying information processing in the rat brain. We have applied this technique to visualize and measure the plasticity (deformation) observed in the rat's whisker system due to neonatal lesioning of selected peripheral sensory organs. Application of this imaging system revealed detailed information about the shape, size, and directionality of selected cortical and subcortical structures. Previous 2-D imaging techniques were unable to deliver such holistic information. Another important issue addressed in this work is related to image registration problems. We developed an image registration technique which employs extrinsic fiduciary marks for alignment and is capable of registering images with subpixel accuracy. It uses the information from all available fiduciary marks to promote alignment of the sections and to avoid propagation of errors across a serial data set.     

Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors within aromatase-immunoreactive neurons in the fetal and neonatal rat brain

We elucidated the anatomical relationship between estrogen receptors and aromatase, the enzyme converting androgens to estrogens, in the fetal and neonatal rat brain by means of double immunohistochemical labeling, using antibodies against rat estrogen receptors and human placental aromatase cytochrome P450. Numerous aromatase-immunoreactive neurons were found in the medial preoptic area, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial amygdaloid nucleus and the ventromedial nucleus. Estrogen receptors were also abundant in these areas. Most of the aromatase-immunoreactive neurons showed immunoreactivity for estrogen receptors in the medial subdivision of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and in the posterodorsal division of the medial amygdaloid nucleus. There were also many double-labeled cells in the ventromedial nucleus. However, in the medial preoptic area the localization of aromatase-immunoreactive neurons was distinct from that of neurons containing estrogen receptors. These results suggested that estrogens, which are converted from androgens in aromatase-containing neurons, are involved in the sexual differentiation of the brain through estrogen receptors within aromatase-immunoreactive neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial amygdaloid nucleus and the ventromedial nucleus, but through estrogen receptors in aromatase-immunonegative neurons in the medial preoptic area.     

Effects of gestational or neonatal treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine on ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines in developing rat brain and on adult rat neurochemistry

Pregnant rats were treated for five consecutive days during gestation with s.c. injections of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Treatment beginning at gestational days 13 or 14 was effective in inhibiting ODC and altering polyamine levels, and resulted in relatively small decreases in body and forebrain weight, but not in significant differences in adult neurochemistry. Neonatal rats were treated with DFMO from postnatal day 0 (PD 0) to PD 24. In addition to some somatic effects (decreased body weight, delayed eyelid opening and delayed fur growth) the postnatal treatment resulted in a permanent decrease in brain weight, which was mainly due to a dramatic decrease in cerebellar size. During treatment, and 3 days after the end of it, the levels of putrescine and spermidine, but not those of spermine, were consistently lower in the cerebellum and forebrain of DFMO-treated rats than in controls. On the other hand, ODC appeared strongly inhibited only during the first phase of the treatment and showed recovery, and also rebound of the activity, during the second part of the treatment. A screening of neurochemical markers related to cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, as well to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes was performed in several brain regions (cerebellum, olfactory bulbs, cortex, striaturn, hippocampus) of some of these rats once they became adults. Significant alterations for all the parameters tested, with the exception of the marker for the glutamatergic transmission, were measured in the undersized cerebellum of the neonatally DFMO-treated rats. A shorter neonatal treatment with DFMO (from PD 1 to 6) resulted, in the adult, in decreased cerebellar size and in neurochemical alterations, both very similar to those occurring after the prolonged treatment. In the other brain regions a few minor differences were noticed. The present results show that: (1) the brain polyamine system is differently regulated in foetuses with respect to newborns; (2) the effects of chronic ODC blockade are different on prenatally or postnatally proliferating neurons, due either to a lower sensitivity of gestation ally proliferating neurons or to a subsequent recovery; and (3) chronic postnatal ODC inhibition has a strong effect on proliferating neurons, but little effect on further maturation of postmitotic neurons.     

DARPP-32在大鼠全脑的定位分布

目的 探讨DARPP-32在大鼠全脑的表达分布特点.方法 应用免疫组织化学染色技术对大鼠脑内DARPP-32的表达分布进行观察.结果 免疫组织化学染色结果显示,强阳性的DARPP-32染色大部分分布于基底节区和前嗅皮质区,主要分布在伏隔核、尾壳核及杏仁核复合体的神经元胞体内,以及苍白球、腹侧苍白球、脚间核及黑质网状部的...     

通过配体文库研究GIPC2 PDZ配体结合特点及其相互作用蛋白

目的通过验证性筛选配体文库,获得GIPC2 PDZ结构域的配体结合特点,进而找到GIPC2的相互作用蛋白。方法 1)利用酵母双杂交的方法从已有的PDZ配体库中寻找与GIPC2的PDZ结构域配体结合特性;2)根据GIPC2的亚细胞定位和肿瘤相关功能再结合PDZ结构域结合序列的共同特征在蛋白质数据库中预测GIPC2的天然潜在配体;3)将天然潜在配体的C末端序列依次与GIPC2 PDZ结构域或GIPC2全长进行验证反应,从而得到阳性蛋白。结果 1)GIPC2 PDZ结构域的配体结合特性是C末端最后4个氨基酸为-X-S/T-X-V/L/I,是Ⅰ类PDZ配体;2)综合GIPC2的生物学特征和GIPC2 PDZ结构域的配体结合特点,在蛋白质数据库中预测得到47个天然潜在配体;3)将天然潜在配体的C末端序列克隆至酵母双杂交系统进行验证,最后得到10个确定的阳性蛋白。结论获得10个GIPC2相互作用蛋白。