血管肌纤维母细胞瘤16例临床病理分析

目的探讨血管肌纤维母细胞瘤（angiomyofibroblastoma,AMF）的临床病理、免疫组化特征、组织来源以及鉴别诊断。方法通过16例AMF的临床表现、病理形态和免疫组化研究,并结合文献复习,总结AMF的临床病理、免疫组化特征及鉴别诊断。结果16例AMF,大体境界清楚,无包膜,可见一层假纤维膜包绕;组织学上呈疏松水肿样,丰富薄壁海绵样血管,肿瘤细胞多样性,梭形及上皮样细胞多见,常围绕血管排列呈疏密交替分布特征。免疫组化结果：瘤细胞desmin及vimentin呈弥漫强阳性表达,actin、CD34、ER和PR染色稍弱、呈灶状分布,而S-100蛋白、NF和CK均阴性。结论AMF临床上多无明显症状;发病部位以女性外阴及盆腔最多见,但全身多处部位也可见;其生物学行为及组织来源尚无定论;术前很难确定诊断AMF,需与侵袭性血管黏液瘤、富于细胞性血管纤维瘤等相鉴别。     

血管肌纤维母细胞瘤临床病理学观察

目的 探讨血管肌纤维母细胞瘤( angiomyfibroblastoma, AMF )的临床病理特点及其诊断与鉴别诊断.方法 通过对7例AMF的临床表现、组织学观察与免疫组化研究,并复习相关文献总结AMF的临床病理特征及鉴别诊断.结果 7例均为女性,年龄25～52岁,部位在大阴唇(3例)、宫颈管(3例)和腹股沟(1例),大小1.6～6.0 cm;眼观:肿瘤边界清,无包膜,质地韧,切面灰白,局部有黏液感.镜检:肿瘤细胞分布稀疏不一,呈密集的血管区与少细胞的水肿区相交替分布.瘤细胞肥胖,呈梭形或短梭形,可见胞质突起或波浪状弯曲,瘤细胞围绕丰富的血管,大多是薄壁小血管或毛细血管,间质可见胶原束.免疫表型:瘤细胞vimentin和desmin弥漫阳性,α-SMA和CD34局灶阳性,发生于宫颈的3例ER和PR弱阳性,所有病例CK、S-100蛋白阴性.结论 AMF是发生女性外阴、生殖道的良性软组织肿瘤;需要与侵袭性血管黏液瘤、富于细胞性的血管纤维瘤、青春期前外阴纤维瘤、浅表宫颈阴道肌纤维母细胞瘤等软组织肿瘤相鉴别.     

血管肌纤维母细胞瘤2例报道及文献复习

目的 探讨血管肌纤维母细胞瘤(AMF)的临床病理特征及诊断和鉴别诊断。方法 对2例AMF进行组织学观察和免疫组化S—P法标记，抗体为vimentin、desmin、SMA、S—100蛋白、CD34、ER、PR、CK等。结果 1例为30岁女性，表现为外阴囊肿；1例为51岁男性，表现为腹股沟区精索肿块。眼观：肿瘤境界均清楚；镜检：肿瘤均由相互交错分布的细胞密集区和细胞稀疏区组成，其间血管丰富，多为毛细血管至中等大薄壁血管。瘤细胞成巢或束状围绕血管周围排列。可见红细胞漏出。其中1例尚可见成群分布的脂肪细胞存在。免疫表型：瘤细胞vimentin(2／2)、ER(2／2)、PR(2／2)、SMA(1／2)、CD34(2／2)阳性，SMA(1／2)、S—100蛋白(1／2)灶性阳性，desmin、CK阴性。结论 AMF是一种少见的好发于外阴生殖道的间质肿瘤，可能来源于血管周具有多向分化潜能的干细胞，可向肌纤维母细胞分化。在组织形态上AMF应与侵袭性血管黏液瘤、富细胞性血管纤维瘤、浅表性血管黏液瘤、纤维上皮性间质息肉、梭形细胞脂肪瘤相鉴别。     

浅表宫颈阴道肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床病理学观察

目的探讨浅表宫颈阴道肌纤维母细胞瘤（superficial cervicovaginal myofibrohlastoma,SCVM）的临床病理学特点、免疫表型、超微结构和鉴别诊断。方法对1例发生于阴道和穹隆部的SCVM进行组织学观察、免疫组化标记和电镜检测。结果患者,63岁,因阴道分泌物增多1个月并扪及有肿物自阴道口突出就诊。妇检于阴道右前壁上方和阴道左上穹隆处可见直径分别为3cm和1．1cm的带蒂肿块。大体上,肿块均呈椭圆形,边界清晰。低倍镜下,肿瘤位于黏膜下,呈卵圆形,与周围组织分界清楚,但无包膜。位于肿瘤浅表或周边区域内的瘤细胞成分相对稀疏,间质呈黏液样或水肿样;位于中心区域内的瘤细胞相对密集,细胞之间可见纤细、致密的胶原纤维。高倍镜下,瘤细胞由形态基本一致、淡嗜伊红染的梭形细胞和星状细胞组成,瘤细胞无明显的异型性,核分裂象罕见（〈2个／50HPF）。在瘤细胞稀疏、问质呈黏液样的区域内,瘤细胞多呈短条束状、网格状、花边状或筛孔状排列,或排列紊乱,偶见多核性细胞;在瘤细胞密集、间质富含胶原纤维的区域内,瘤细胞多呈条柬状或波浪状排列,并与胶原纤维的走向一致。肿瘤内含有散在分布的薄壁血管,间质内可见丰富的肥大细胞,并见少量的慢性炎细胞浸润。免疫组化标记显示,瘤细胞强阳性表达vimentin、desmin、ER和PR,灶性表达CD34,不表达EMA、α-SMA、MSA、hcaldesmon、NF、S-100蛋白、CD57和calretinin等。电镜检测显示瘤细胞部分具肌纤维母细胞分化。结论SCVM是一种起自于女性阴道和宫颈黏膜下浅表基质的良性间叶性肿瘤,其独特的组织学形态提示SCVM可被视为一种新的病种。免疫表型和超微结构均显示瘤细胞具肌纤维母细胞分化。SCVM应注意与同样好发于女性下生殖道的一些间叶性病变相鉴别。     

血管肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床病理和鉴别诊断

目的　探讨血管肌纤维母细胞瘤 (AMF)的临床病理特征和鉴别诊断。方法　通过 4例AMF的病理形态和免疫组化研究 ,结合复习文献总结AMF的临床病理特征和鉴别诊断。结果　肿瘤境界清楚 ,直径 <5cm ,瘤细胞梭形或卵圆形 ,常围绕血管排列 ,呈疏密交替分布特征。免疫表型 :desmin、SMA、vimentin、CD34、ER和PR阳性或部分阳性 ,而MSA、S 10 0蛋白、Mac387和CK均阴性。结论　AMF是一种主要发生于生育期女性外阴的良性软组织肿瘤 ,需与侵袭性血管黏液瘤、富细胞性血管纤维瘤等相鉴别     

血管肌纤维母细胞瘤3例并文献复习

目的 探讨血管肌纤维母细胞瘤(angiomyfibroblastoma,AMF)的临床病理特征、诊断和鉴别诊断.方法 对3例AMF进行组织学观察和免疫组化标记,抗体为vimentin、SMA、MSA、ER、PR、CD34、desmin、S-100蛋白和CK.结果 3例均表现为外阴部肿块.眼观:肿瘤境界均清楚;镜检:肿瘤均由相互交替分布的细胞密集区和细胞稀疏区组成,其间血管丰富,多为毛细血管至中等大薄壁血管.瘤细胞呈巢状或束状围绕血管排列.免疫表型:瘤细胞vimentin、SMA、ER和PR均阳性,CD34在血管壁呈阳性、瘤细胞阴性,MSA、desmin、S-100蛋白和CK均阴性.结论 AMF是一种少见的好发于外阴的良性软组织肿瘤,需与侵袭性血管黏液瘤、富细胞性血管纤维瘤等鉴别.     

关节旁黏液瘤临床病理特点

目的探讨关节旁黏液瘤(Juxta-articular myxoma,JAM)临床病理特点和鉴别诊断。方法对1例JAM进行组织形态学观察、免疫组化标记并复习文献。结果肿块位于左胫骨内侧髌骨下缘,不规则组织7cm×3cm×2cm,境界不清,切面周围为淡黄色脂肪组织,中央大部分区域呈黏液胶冻状。镜检:梭形、星芒状纤维母细胞样瘤细胞稀疏散在分布于丰富的黏液样基质中,细胞形态良善,间质血管稀少。部分区域血管丰富。散在有形状、大小不同的囊性腱鞘囊肿样腔隙。肿瘤界限不清,内有脂肪组织陷入。特殊染色:黏液样基质阿辛蓝弥漫(+)。免疫表型:瘤细胞Vim(+),部分瘤细胞α-SMA、CD34(+)。随访8个月未见复发。结论 JAM为良性病变,组织形态和免疫表型类似于肌内黏液瘤,见于膝、肩、肘、踝、髋等大关节旁。约有1/3病例复发,故长期随访是必要的。需与黏液性脂肪肉瘤、黏液纤维肉瘤、骨外黏液性软骨肉瘤、低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤等鉴别,避免过度治疗。     

结节性筋膜炎50例临床病理特征

目的 探讨结节性筋膜炎(nodular fasciitis,NF)的临床病理特征及鉴别诊断.方法 重新复查原诊断NF的病例50例,应用光镜和免疫组化技术进行研究,同时复习临床资料并文献复习.结果 50例原诊断NF的病例中,43例仍维持原诊断,7例为其他软组织肿瘤.43例NF中,男26例,女17例,年龄18～56岁,平均32.5岁.病变主要侵犯全身皮下组织,上肢最多见(20例46.5%),其次为躯干(9例20.9%)、头颈部(8例18.6%),下肢少见(6例13.9%).临床表现为病程短、生长迅速的孤立性结节,体积小,术后切除无复发、无转移.病理组织学主要表现为增生肥胖的梭形纤维母细胞/肌纤维母细胞呈束状、C形或不典型车辐状排列,细胞无多形性,核分裂象易见;间质疏松,黏液样,含有丰富的血管及红细胞外渗,以及不规则裂隙、微囊等.另7例分别为黏液纤维肉瘤、黏液型脂肪肉瘤、低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤、富于细胞纤维组织细胞瘤、栅栏状肌纤维母细胞瘤、真皮纤维瘤、韧带样纤维瘤,误诊率为14%.免疫表型:11例vimentin、SMA、MSA阳性,而CK、desmin、CD34、β-catenin阴性.结论 NF是一种以纤维母细胞/肌纤维母细胞增生性、良性反应性软组织假肉瘤性病变,病理诊断应紧密结合临床和组织学形态的特征,注意防止过度诊断或诊断不足.     

栅状肌纤维母细胞瘤3例报道及文献复习

目的：观察栅状肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床病理特征，探索该肿瘤的组织来源及石棉样纤维的性质和来源。方法：对３ 例栅状肌纤维母细胞瘤进行组织形态学和免疫组织化学研究，结合文献对本病的诊断标准、鉴别要点及组织来源进行探讨。结果：栅状肌纤维母细胞瘤的组织学特点为梭形肿瘤细胞呈交叉束状、栅栏状排列，间质内有较多出血、散在的肥大细胞，肿瘤中出现石棉样纤维。免疫组化见肿瘤细胞及石棉样纤维星芒状突起中ａｃｔｉｎ、ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ 呈阳性表达，ｄｅｓｍｉｎ、Ｓ１００ 、ＦａｃｔｏｒⅧ、ｃｙｔｏｋｅｒａｔｉｎ 呈阴性表达。结论：栅状肌纤维母细胞瘤是一种具有独特临床病理特征的肌纤维母细胞瘤，该肿瘤来源于肌纤维母细胞或特殊平滑肌细胞亚型。石棉样纤维中心为血管周围胶原的变性，星芒状纤维为增殖的肌纤维母细胞突出的中间丝和微丝。     

婴幼儿和儿童软组织中间型肿瘤的病理诊断

婴幼儿和儿童软组织中间型肿瘤的主要特征：(1)病变主要涉及纤维母细胞/肌纤维母细胞肿瘤(如婴儿纤维瘤病、脂肪纤维瘤病、巨细胞纤维母细胞瘤和婴儿纤维肉瘤),更原始的间叶细胞(如婴幼儿原始黏液样间叶性肿瘤),肌纤维瘤病[原来归入纤维母细胞/肌纤维母细胞性肿瘤,而WHO (2013版)软组织肿瘤分类将其归入血管周细胞肿瘤中],以及部分血管内皮细胞肿瘤(如乳头状淋巴管内血管内皮瘤、Kaposi型血管内皮瘤);(2)其生物学行为属中间类型,具有局部浸润性、破坏性或偶尔转移性;(3)病变主要好发于四肢、躯干或头颈部;(4)多为先天性,主要发生于婴幼儿或儿童,少部分可发生于成人。     

血管肌纤维母细胞瘤与侵袭性血管粘液瘤临床病理分析

目的：探讨血管肌纤维母细胞瘤（ＡＭＦＢ）的临床病理特点及与侵袭性血管粘液瘤（ＡＡ）的鉴别。方法：对５例ＡＭＦＢ和５例ＡＡ进行临床病理和免疫组化研究,对３例ＡＭＦＢ进行电镜观察。结果：ＡＭＦＢ位于外阴或腹股沟我,肿瘤边界清楚,大小０．８～４ｃｍ。光镜：肿瘤细胞呈梭形上皮样、束头及巢状排列,常围绕小至中等大小的薄壁血管周围。肿瘤有细胞密集区和细胞分散区。免疫组化：肿瘤细胞表达ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ,ｄｅｓｍ     

Angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva: a large pedunculated mass formation

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare, usually small benign mesenchymal tumor that occurs in vulvar lesions of premenopausal women. A case of angiomyofibroblastoma that arose as a unique pedunculated and particularly large mass in the left vulva of a 48-year-old woman is presented herein. The patient had been aware of a gradually enlarged mass of 7 years duration without any other gynecological symptoms or signs. The maximum dimension of the tumor measured 11 cm. The resected tumor was well circumscribed with a bulging and glistening cut surface. Histological examination revealed an admixture of irregularly distributed hypercellular and hypocellular areas with spindled, plump spindled, or plasmacytoid stromal cells and abundant venular or capillary-sized vessels. Stromal cells characteristically cluster around delicate vessels within an edematous to collagenous matrix. In the present case, intralesional adipose tissue was present throughout the tumor. There was no significant nuclear atypia, and mitotic figures were very sparse. There was little stromal mucin throughout the tumor. Immunohistochemically, the stromal cells were characterized by strong reactivity for vimentin and CD34, with focal reactivity for desmin and alpha smooth muscle actin. Both estrogen and progesterone receptors were diffusely expressed in the stromal cells. These histological findings are consistent with angiomyofibroblastoma and support the hypothesis that angiomyofibroblastoma originates from perivascular stem cells with a capacity for myofibroblastic and fatty differentiation.     

Angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor (lipomatous variant) of the inguinal region of a male patient

A case of angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor (lipomatous variant) that arose in the subcutis of the inguinal region of a 45-year-old man is presented. The maximum dimension of the tumor measured 39 mm and it was well circumscribed. Histopathological examination revealed a close admixture of plump spindle or stellate cells and mature adipocytes. These were arranged haphazardly or formed interconnecting thin cellular trabeculae on the myxoid or edematous background. The tumor was highly vascularized and contained a moderate amount of collagen fibers. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD34 and the estrogen receptor, but negative for alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin. The differential diagnosis between the lipomatous variant of angiomyofibroblastoma and cellular angiofibroma or spindle cell lipoma is discussed, and the pathogenetic hypotheses about the occurrence of mature adipocytes within benign fibroblastic or myofibroblastic neoplasms are mentioned briefly. It is important for surgical pathologists to be acquainted with the occasional presence of adipocytes in these neoplasms to avoid misinterpretation.     

Bilateral fibroepithelial polypi of labium minus with atypical stromal cells.

A case of fibroepithelial polyp of labium minus with stromal atypia is described. This unusual tumor has only recently been reported occurring in the vulva. The tumor measured 12 cm in maximal diameter and its cut surface was soft and myxoid. After fixation the tumor was considerably smaller in size. The light microscopic findings were of a loose acellular myxoid stroma, traversed by thin walled dilated vascular spaces and covered by stratified squamous epithelium and with sparse fibroblast-like cells dispersed throughout. This case is unusual as fibroepithelial polyps with stromal atypia are an uncommon tumor of the vulva, are rarely bilateral and in this site no lesion previously has exceeded 4.0 cm in diameter.     

Fine-needle aspiration cytology findings in a case of aggressive angiomyxoma: A case report and review of the literature

Aggressive angiomyxomas are uncommon but distinct soft-tissue neoplasms occurring predominantly in the pelvis and peritoneum of females, but they have occasionally been reported in association with inguinal hernias in males. Histologically, these neoplasms are characterized by a proliferation of spindle- or stellate-shaped cells widely separated by loose myxoid stroma in which is dispersed a prominent vascular component. The vascular component is comprised of large, thick-walled vessels that generally do not show an arborizing pattern. Mitotic activity has been exceedingly low in the cases reported. Because of their occurrence within the groin, these lesions may undergo fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Cytologic examination of this material will reveal hypocellular smears containing scattered spindle cells with bipolar cytoplasmic processes, as well as bland stellate cells. The nuclei are fusiform to oval with a bland chromatin pattern. The stromal cells lie in a background of watery myxoid material. While specific diagnosis by FNA is not possible, the recognition of this cytologic appearance should exclude lymphoproliferative processes as well as metastatic disease from the differential diagnosis. Careful attention to cytologic detail should also help exclude certain other myxoid neoplasms, especially myxoid liposarcoma. Once the myxoid stromal nature of the proliferation is recognized, a differential diagnosis of myxoid lesions can be considered along with a recommendation for open biopsy to establish the definitive diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 16:425–429, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Polypoid angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor of the oral cavity: a hitherto unreported soft tissue tumor mimicking embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

We report on a previously unrecognized fibro-myofibroblastic tumor in the oral cavity of a 15-year-old girl. Morphologically, the tumor mimicked a rhabdomyosarcoma, botryoid variant. It was composed of mitotically active small- to medium-sized, vimentin+/desmin+, round- to oval- to epithelioid-shaped cells embedded in an alternating fibrous to myxoid/edematous stroma. These cells were separated from the overlying squamous epithelium by a rim of fibrous stroma. The tumor contained abundant small- to medium-sized, thin-walled blood vessels without hyalinization. Frequently, neoplastic cells condensed around these vessels. An unusual and striking feature was the presence of numerous hyalinized collagen mats, including "amianthoid-like fibers", similar to those observed in myofibroblastomas. The presence of these collagen mats and the expression of desmin, in association with no immunoreactivity to myogenin and MyoD1, were in keeping with the fibro-myofibroblastic nature of the tumor, excluding the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Regarding fibro-myofibroblastic tumors, we believe that the present case falls within the wide spectrum of benign stromal tumors, originally described in the lower female genital tract, but potentially occurring also at extragenital sites. As morphological and immunohistochemical features were reminiscent of, but not identical with, angiomyofibroblastoma, the term "polypoid angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor" is proposed. Awareness and recognition of this tumor is crucial to avoid a diagnosis of malignancy.     

Fine‐needle aspiration in myxofibrosarcoma: Experience of Institut Curie

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a well‐established nosologic entity different from the myxoid variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. In an attempt to better define the representative cytologic criteria of MFS, we undertook a review and a reanalysis of a series of 14 cytology samples in 12 patients whose tumors were diagnosed as MFS. Using FNA technique and reviewing the original diagnoses, 11 cases were diagnosed as malignant and three as benign tumors. The cytologic diagnosis of MFS was accurate in seven cases (2 primary tumors, 4 recurrences, and 1 metastasis). Four cases were classified malignant myxoid sarcoma (1 primary and 3 recurrences), whereas three cases (2 primary and 1 recurrence) were false‐negative. The smears were cell‐rich in 12 cases and cell‐poor in two cases. They were constantly composed of isolated and regular small spindle‐shaped and stellated cells with elongated nuclei containing small inconspicuous nucleoli. Cytoplasm was pale with elongated processes. Clusters of wavy spindle‐shaped cells, round cells without specific pattern, moderate cytonuclear atypia, and abundant myxoid background as well as curvilinear vascular structures were always seen. In the vast majority of cases, the cytologic distinction of MFS from other low‐grade myxoid lesions is difficult. Entities such as myxoid MFH, myxoid liposarcoma (MLP), myxoid DFSP, and myxoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The cytological misdiagnosis is of limited clinical consequence because FNA findings suggestive of a myxoid tumor will be indicative for a surgical removal followed by the histopathological analysis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

子宫黏液样平滑肌肉瘤的临床病理诊断

目的 :探讨子宫黏液样平滑肌肉瘤 (MLU)的临床病理特征及诊断、鉴别诊断要点。方法 :对 1例MLU进行大体、光镜及免疫组化观察 ,并复习相关文献。结果 :MLU的临床症状是盆腔包块及不规则阴道流血 ;其突出的病理特征是肿瘤切面呈弥漫性胶冻状外观 ,镜下见大量奥辛蓝阳性的黏液样基质 ,瘤细胞大部分梭形显平滑肌细胞分化 ,并浸润周围正常平滑肌组织和血管腔 ;免疫组化 :瘤细胞HHF35 ( )。结论 :MLU是子宫平滑肌肉瘤的一个罕见变型 ;由于大多数MLU缺乏细胞异型性和核分裂象计数很低 ,常易引起病理误诊 ,在冷冻切片中更是如此。鉴别诊断必须首先区别常见的子宫平滑肌瘤黏液变性或水肿变性 ,其次还应与任何黏液样软组织恶性肿瘤相鉴别