腺样体肥大儿童血清微量元素含量的分析

目的 检测腺样体肥大儿童血清中钙(ca)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、镁(Mg)五种微量元素的含量,为腺样体肥大以及相应并发症的治疗提供理论依据.方法 用火焰原子吸收分光光度法检测50例腺样体肥大儿童和32例健康儿童血清中Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mg的含量.结果 腺样体肥大组儿童血清中Zn的含量低于对照组(P＜0.01),Cu和Ca的含量高于对照组(P＜0.05),而Fe和Mg的水平在两组间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 儿童腺样体肥大可能与血清中铜、钙元素水平升高及锌元素的缺乏有关,避免血钙、血铜过高及适量补锌可作为对腺样体肥大儿童早期干预的一种方法.     

健康老人血清中11种微量元素ICP-MS分析研究

为了解健康老年人血清中Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn和Se等11种微量元素的含量,了解随年龄增长人体内微量元素的变化,为防治老年疾病的发生提供参考依据.取研究对象静脉血4mL,经高速冷冻离心机离心15min,分离出血清,然后经硝化、赶酸、定容等处理,用ICP-MS分析.结果表明老年组血清中Al的含量显著高于青年组(P<0.01),而V、Cr、Cu和Se含量显著低于青年组(P<0.01),其他元素的含量在青年组与老年组之间虽有差异,但均无统计学意义.与青年人相比,老年人体内某些必需微量元素发生了显著变化,可为某些老年性疾病的防治提供参考.     

不同基因型地中海贫血患儿全血元素的分析

目的了解不同基因型地中海贫血儿童全血中Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg、Fe等5种元素含量,为今后对各种地中海贫血儿童采取合理治疗提供科学依据。方法对选取的12例静止型、58例标准型α地贫,7例H病,32例β地贫杂合子,6例β地贫双重杂合子(或纯合子)以及70例健康儿童全血的微量元素进行检测和统计学分析。结果所有分组全血Cu含量差异没有统计学意义。各贫血组的Fe均低于健康对照组(P0.05)。β地贫双重杂合子(或纯合子)组的全血Zn含量低于对照组(P0.05),Ca明显高于健康对照组(P0.01)。标准型α地贫组、β地贫杂合子组和β地贫双重杂合子(或纯合子)的全血Mg低于健康对照组(P0.05)。结论地中海贫血儿童的元素平衡失调,提示地中海贫血儿童应尽早采取营养监测与干预措施。     

家庭环境与学习障碍儿童行为、自我意识、个性的相关性

目的 :探讨学习障碍 (learningdisorders ,LD)儿童的家庭环境特点及其与儿童行为、自我意识、个性特征的相关性。方法 :选用家庭环境量表中文版 (FES -CV)、Rutter儿童行为问卷 (父母问卷 )、艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ -儿童版 )和Piers -Harris儿童自我意识量表分别对 110名LD和 110名学习优秀 (对照 )组儿童进行评定。结果 :资料齐全的LD组儿童 91名 ,对照组 98名。LD组儿童的家庭在FES量表的亲密度、情感表达、成功性、知识性的评分低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而矛盾性则高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;LD组儿童的行为和自我意识总分显著低于对照组 (均P <0 0 0 1) ,在EPQ的精神质和神经质得分高于对照组(P <0 0 5 ) ,内外向得分低于对照组 (P <0 0 0 1)。FES的某些环境因素分别与LD和对照组儿童的行为、自我意识、个性特点有关。结论 :LD儿童处在相对不良的家庭环境中 ,家庭环境因素对LD组和对照组儿童行为、自我意识、个性的影响不同。     

学习障碍儿童智力与行为特征分析

目的旨在对学习障碍（LD）儿童的智力与行为特征进行更深入、细致的了解与分析,以求尽早发现儿童学习障碍及尽早实施适当的干预.方法应用中国韦氏-儿童智力量表（C-WICS）与Conner＇s父母症状问卷对学习障碍儿童与对照组各50名进行测查与比较.结果LD儿童C-WICS测试的各项分测验量表分、言语量表分、操作量表分、全量表分、及言语智商（VIQ）、操作智商（PIQ）、总智商（IQ）均显著低于对照组,且LD组VIQ显著低于PIQ;行为特征如行为问题、学习问题、心身问题、冲动-多动指数及其他项目与对照组比较在统计学上有显著性差异.结论LD儿童存在智力结构不平衡和较多的行为问题,提示内在认知特点和外在环境因素直接或间接导致儿童的学习障碍.     

学习障碍儿童认知功能的某些特点

目的:探讨学习障碍(LD)儿童的脑认知功能特点.方法:对30例LD儿童和30例正常儿童进行威斯康星卡片(WCST)及儿童韦氏智力测验和比较.结果:1.与正常对照组相比,LD组WCST完成分类数(4.31±1.28/5.10±1.17)和正确应答数低,持续错误数(38.57±10.71/23.87±8.41)、总应答数和错误应答数较高,差异均有显著性(P<0.05).2.LD组总智商(89.00±14.26/112.63±17.03)、言语和操作智商以及算术、理解、积木和拼图因子分均低于正常对照组(P<0.05).3.LD组智力结构失衡发生率(80%)高于正常对照组(30%)(P<0.01).4.相关分析表明,LD儿童智商与WCST完成分类和正确应答数呈正相关(r>0.3),与总应答数、错误应答数和持续错误数呈负相关(r>-0.3).结论:LD儿童存在额叶执行功能障碍,有认知功能缺陷.     

微量元素、HP及COX-2与胃癌的相关性研究

为了研究微量元素、HP与胃癌发生的相关性 ,取甘肃河西地区 5 0例胃癌患者作为研究组 (R组 ) ,取当地 5 0例健康志愿者作为对照组 (C组 ) ,监测血清微量元素、组织中幽门螺旋杆菌 (HP)以及环氧合酶 - 2 (COX- 2 )的表达。结果显示胃癌组血清微量元素 Cu/ Zn、Fe值高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1,0 .0 5 ) :Zn、Mn低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1,0 .0 5 ) ,经多因素非条件 L ogistic回归分析 ,进入方程的有 Zn(P<0 .0 1)。胃癌组 HP感染率和 COX- 2表达阳性率分别为 88%和 78% ,而对照组则分别为 4 2 %和 0 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,提示 Zn降低可能为胃癌发生的癌前因素 ,其可诱发 HP的感染和 COX- 2的高表达而发生胃癌 ,测定血清中微量元素可提高胃癌的诊断率 ,调整体内微量元素结构可达到对胃癌的化学干预     

原发性高血压合并糖尿病患者血清APN和INS的变化及意义

目的:探讨原发性高血压(PH)合并糖尿病(DM)患者血清脂联素(APN)和胰岛素(INS)变化及其临床意义.方法:采用放射免疫分析测定了126例PH合并DM患者、92例PH患者和40例健康对照者的血清APN和INS水平,并将结果进行分析.结果:PH合并DM组血清APN水平显著低于PH组(P<0.01)和健康对照组比较(P<0.01),INS水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01),显著低于PH组(P<0.05);PH组血清APN显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01),INS水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01).在PH合并DM组中,APN与INS两者间呈显著负相关(r=-0.496,P<0.01),APN与平均收缩压(SBP)(r=0.586,P<0.01)、平均舒张压(DBP)(r=0.416,P<0.05)呈显著负相关,INS与SBP(r=0.433,P<0.05)、DBP(r=0.401,P<0.05)呈显著正相关.结论:PH合并DM患者血清APN水平显著降低,INS水平显著高于健康对照组,却显著低于PH组;APN与INS相互间呈负相关.     

妊娠不良结局孕妇孕期血清微量元素的变化分析

目的分析妊娠不良结局孕妇孕期血清微量元素的变化。方法选取的80例妊娠不良结局孕妇进行回顾性分析,根据不同妊娠时间分为研究A组(≤12周)24例、研究B组(12~28周)32例、研究C组(≥28周)24例,另选取同期非妊娠健康妇女38例设为对照组。各组均予以血清微量元素检测,对比各组微量元素水平及微量元素缺乏情况。结果研究A、B、C组Mg、Zn、Ca含量均比对照组低,且Cu含量比对照组高(P0.05);研究A组Fe含量比对照组高,但研究C组Fe含量比对照组低(P0.05);研究组A、B、C组Fe、Zn、Ca含量缺乏率均比对照组高(P0.05)。结论微量元素异常均可能导致孕妇妊娠不良结局的发生,孕妇需注意摄入富含Fe、Zn、Ca等微量元素的动、植食物,这对预防妊娠不良结局的发生具积极意义。     

慢性心力衰竭患者血清GH和IGFⅡ测定的意义

目的:探讨慢性心力衰竭患者血清生长激素(GH)和胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ(IGFⅡ)变化及其临床意义。方法:用放射免疫分析测定了146例慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者和50例非慢性心力衰竭患者的血清GH和IGFⅡ水平,并进行对照统计分析。结果:CHF组血清GH显著低于对照组(P<0.01),IGFⅡ水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),两者间成显著负相关(r=-0.337,P<0.05)。在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级组间,血清GH依次递减(FGH=40.88,P<0.01),IGFⅡ水平却依次递增(FIGFⅡ=3.208,P<0.05);GH水平在Ⅳ级组显著低于Ⅱ级组和Ⅲ级组(P<0.01),同时在Ⅲ级组显著低于Ⅱ级组(P<0.01);IGFⅡ水平在Ⅳ级组显著高于Ⅱ级组(P<0.05)。住院期间死亡组血清GH显著低于好转组(P<0.01),但IGFⅡ水平显著高于好转出院组(P<0.01)。结论:CHF患者血清GH显著降低,IGFⅡ显著升高,两者间成显著负相关。Ⅳ级组血清GH显著低于Ⅱ级组和Ⅲ级组,IGFⅡ则显著高于Ⅱ级组,住院期间死亡组血清GH显著降低,IGFⅡ水平显著升高。     

血小板、红细胞多不饱和脂肪酸的平衡及低密度脂蛋白的作用

低密度脂蛋白引起血小板、红细胞膜上二十碳四烯酸,二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸成份改变,并与它们的功能改变相关。摄入富含二十碳五烯酸,二十二碳六烯酸的鱼油脂肪后,低密度脂蛋白的上述作用减弱。影响n-3型和n-6型多不饱和脂肪酸的平衡可能是低密度脂蛋白对血小板、红细胞的作用机理之一。     

The role of endogenous cholecystokinin in the sensory transduction of luminal nutrient signals in the rat jejunum

The β-oxidation of [³H] arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4 n-6) and the conversion of [1–¹⁴C]eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) have been studied in skin fibroblasts from patients with inherited peroxisomal diseases, such as Zellweger (ZW) and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a non-inherited neuropathology, and from controls. EPA is not converted to DHA, while there is enhanced formation of the intermediate product 22:5 n-3 in ZW, when compared to X-ALD, AD and controls. We also confirmed that AA is not β-oxidized to 4,7,10-hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3), a metabolite produced by peroxisomes, while being more effectively converted to the elongation product 22:4, in ZW, in comparison to X-ALD, AD and controls. The data demonstrate a defect in DHA synthesis and in AA β-oxidation, and the occurrence of associated adaptative modifications in the metabolism of these long chain PUFA, in three Italian ZW patients.     

Modulation of prostaglandin synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages by enrichment of lipids with either eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acids in vitro

The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of fish oils alter arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in macrophages. The present investigation studied the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two n-3 PUFA of fish, to alter lipid composition and specific functions of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were readily incorporated by macrophages in vitro and replaced 25-50% of AA in cellular lipids. The EPA- or DHA-enriched cells synthesized significantly less (50-65%) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6 keto prostaglandin F1(1) alpha (6 keto PGF1 alpha) when stimulated with opsonized zymosan. The enrichment with EPA or DHA did not affect phagocytosis nor superoxide anion formation in macrophages. These studies demonstrated that EPA or DHA can be used to decrease prostaglandin synthesis selectively without affecting the other physiological functions of macrophages.     

The β-oxidation of arachidonic acid and the synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid are selectively and consistently altered in skin fibroblasts from three Zellweger patients versus X-adrenoleukodystrophy, Alzheimer and control subjects

The β-oxidation of [³H] arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4 n-6) and the conversion of [1–¹⁴C]eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) have been studied in skin fibroblasts from patients with inherited peroxisomal diseases, such as Zellweger (ZW) and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a non-inherited neuropathology, and from controls. EPA is not converted to DHA, while there is enhanced formation of the intermediate product 22:5 n-3 in ZW, when compared to X-ALD, AD and controls. We also confirmed that AA is not β-oxidized to 4,7,10-hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3), a metabolite produced by peroxisomes, while being more effectively converted to the elongation product 22:4, in ZW, in comparison to X-ALD, AD and controls. The data demonstrate a defect in DHA synthesis and in AA β-oxidation, and the occurrence of associated adaptative modifications in the metabolism of these long chain PUFA, in three Italian ZW patients.     

Inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on apoptosis induced by etoposide, okadaic acid and AraC in Neuro2a cells

Neuronal apoptosis is involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson.s disease. An efficient means of preventing it remains to be found. Some n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 : 5n-3) have been reported to be protective against the neuronal apoptosis and neuronal degeneration seen after spinal cord injury (SCI) [1]. However, it is unclear which kinds of PUFAs have the most potent ability to inhibit neuronal apoptosis and whether the simultaneous treatment of PUFAs inhibits the apoptosis. In the present study, we compared the abilities of various n-3- and n-6- PUFAs to inhibit the apoptosis induced after the administration of different apoptotic inducers, etoposide, okadaic acid, and AraC, in mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro2a). Preincubation with DHA (22 : 6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 : 5n-3), alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LNA, 18 : 3n-3), linoleic acid (LA, 18 : 2n-6), arachidonic acid (AA, 20 : 4n-3), and gamma-linolenic acid (gamma-LNA, 18 : 3n-6) significantly inhibited caspase-3 activity and LDH leakage but simultaneous treatment with the PUFAs had no effect on the apoptosis of Neuro2a cells. There were no significant differences of the anti-apoptotic eff ect among the PUFAs. These results suggest that PUFAs may not be effective for inhibiting neuronal cell death after acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. However, dietary supplementation with PUFAs may be beneficial as a potential means to delay the onset of the diseases and/or their rate of progression.     

The effect of supplementation with fish oil during pregnancy on breast milk immunoglobulin A, soluble CD14, cytokine levels and fatty acid composition

BACKGROUND: Breast milk contains many immunomodulatory factors (soluble CD14 (sCD14), IgA and cytokines) with the potential to influence infant immune development. OBJECTIVE: To determine if changes in breast milk omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) composition as a result of maternal dietary fish oil supplementation during pregnancy can modify levels of these immunological parameters in breast milk. METHOD: In a randomized controlled trial, 83 atopic women received either 4 g fish oil capsules (containing 3.7 g n-3 PUFA) (n = 40) or 4 g olive oil capsules (n = 43) from 20 weeks gestation until delivery. Breast milk was collected 3 days post-partum and fatty acids were analysed by gas liquid chromatography and IgA, sCD14 and cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) were quantitated by ELISA or time resolved fluorescence (TRF). RESULTS: Omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in breast milk from women supplemented with fish oil (n = 33, DHA mean 1.15%, SD 0.47% and EPA mean 0.16%, SD 0.07%) than in samples from the control group (n = 40, DHA mean 0.50%, SD 0.17% and EPA mean 0.05%, SD 0.02%). Breast milk arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) levels were significantly lower (P = 0.045) in the fish oil group (mean 0.55%, SD 0.12%) compared with the control group (mean 0.61%, SD 0.14%). Breast milk IgA was positively correlated with DHA (P = 0.046) and 22:5n-3 (P = 0.003), but inversely correlated with linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) (P=0.034). Levels of sCD14 were also positively correlated with 22:5n-3 (P=0.009). Cytokines involved in IgA synthesis (IL-10 and IL-6) were also significantly correlated with both IgA and n-3 PUFA levels, although there were no differences in the levels of breast milk IgA, sCD14 or cytokines between study groups. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with fish oil during pregnancy significantly alters early post-partum breast milk fatty acid composition. omega-3 PUFA levels were positively associated with IgA and sCD14 levels, suggesting a relationship between fatty acid status and mucosal immune function.     

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent disruption of epithelial barrier function induced by proinflammatory cytokines

Defects in tight junction barrier have been considered as an important etiologic factor of Crohn's disease. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert beneficial effects on inflammatory bowel disorders. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. We found that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) changed lipid environment in membrane microdomains of tight junction in vitro. n-3 PUFAs treatment effectively prevented the redistribution of occludin and ZO-1 and distortion of TJ morphology, reduced transepithelial electrical resistance induced by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. We also observed dramatic reorganization of TJ proteins in epithelial lateral membrane following treatment with these cytokines. Our findings for first time indicate that n-3 PUFAs play an important role in proinflammatory cytokines-induced permeability defects and epithelial barrier dysfunction by modifying lipid environment in membrane microdomains of tight junction.     

Seafood consumption,the DHA content of mothers' milk and prevalence rates of postpartum depression: a cross-national,ecological analysis

BACKGROUND: Mothers selectively transfer docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to their fetuses to support optimal neurological development during pregnancy. Without sufficient dietary intake, mothers become depleted of DHA and may increase their risk of suffering major depressive symptoms in the postpartum period. We postulated that the DHA content of mothers' milk and seafood consumption would both predict prevalence rates of postpartum depression across countries. METHODS: Published prevalence data for postpartum depression were included that used the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (n=14532 subjects in 41 studies). These data were compared to the DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) content in mothers' milk and to seafood consumption rates in published reports from 23 countries. RESULTS: Higher concentrations of DHA in mothers' milk (r=-0.84, p<0.0001, n=16 countries) and greater seafood consumption (r=-0.81, p<0.0001, n=22 countries) both predicted lower prevalence rates of postpartum depression in simple and logarithmic models, respectively. The AA and EPA content of mothers' milk were unrelated to postpartum depression prevalence. LIMITATIONS: These findings do not prove that higher omega-3 status cause lower prevalence rates of postpartum depression. Data on potentially confounding factors were not uniformly available for all countries. CONCLUSIONS: Both lower DHA content in mothers' milk and lower seafood consumption were associated with higher rates of postpartum depression. These results do not appear to be an artifact of cross-national differences in well-established risk factors for postpartum depression. Interventional studies are needed to determine if omega-3 fatty acids can reduce major postpartum depressive symptoms.     

Omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline: modulation by ApoEε4 allele and depression

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may slow cognitive decline. The ε4 allele of the ApolipoproteinE (ApoE), the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, and depressive symptoms, which are frequently associated with cognitive impairment in older persons, may modify this relationship. We estimated the associations between EPA and DHA plasma levels and subsequent cognitive decline over 7 years, taking into account ApoE-ε4 status and depressive symptoms, in a prospective population-based cohort. Participants (≥ 65 years, n = 1,228 nondemented at baseline) were evaluated at least once over three follow-up visits using four cognitive tests. Plasma EPA was associated with slower decline on Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) performances in ApoE-ε4 carriers, or in subjects with high depressive symptoms at baseline. Plasma DHA was associated with slower decline on BVRT performances in ApoE-ε4 carriers only. EPA and DHA may contribute to delaying decline in visual working memory in ApoE-ε4 carriers. In older depressed subjects, EPA, but not DHA, may slow cognitive decline.     

Effects of microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acid oil on body weight and lipid accumulation in the liver of C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are abundant in marine fish oils, have recently received global attention for their prominent anti-obesogenic effects. Among PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), which are n-3 long-chain PUFAs widely referred to as omega-3 oils, were reported to prevent the development of obesity in rodents and humans. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of microalgal oil on high-fat induced obese C57BL/6 mice, compared with commercial omega-3 fish oil and vegetable corn oil. Microalgal oil is an inherent mixture of several PUFAs, including EPA, DHA and other fatty acids produced from a marine microalgal strain of Thraustochytriidae sp. derived mutant. It was found to contain more PUFAs (>80%) and more omega-3 oils than commercial omega-3 fish oil (PUFAs >31%) and corn oil (PUFAs 59%). All three types of oils induced weight loss in high-fat-induced obese mice, with the loss induced by microalgal oil being most significant at 9 weeks (10% reduction). However, the oils tested did not improve blood lipid levels, although microalgal oil showed an apparent inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation in the liver. These findings may be attributed to the higher PUFA content, including omega-3 oils of microalgal oil than other oils. Collectively, these findings suggest that microalgal oil, derived from Thraustochytriidae sp. derived mutant, is a prominent candidate for replacement of omega-3 fish oils based on its apparent anti-obesity effect in vivo.