脊髓电刺激治疗腰椎手术失败综合征的疗效分析

目的:探讨脊髓电刺激(SCS)治疗腰椎手术失败综合征(FBSS)的临床疗效评定。方法:选取FBSS患者31例,随机分为两组:A组进行连续硬膜外腔镇痛联合胶原酶注射或椎间盘射频联合臭氧注射等传统介入手术治疗组(16例)。B组进行硬膜外腔SCS治疗组(15例)。在治疗前、治疗后1周、1个月、6个月、12个月,分别采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、日本骨科学会(JOA)腰痛评估表进行疗效分析。结果:两组治疗后1周、1个月、6个月、12个月VAS值均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),ODI指数均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),JOA值均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.01)。B组在治疗后12个月的VAS值、ODI指数、JOA值较A组明显改善(P<0.05)。结论:脊髓电刺激(SCS)治疗腰椎术后失败综合征(FBSS)疗效优于传统的微创介入手术。     

小关节内侧缘入路盘内胶原酶溶解联合射频热凝治疗二区C域Ⅲ层腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的:观察小关节内侧入路盘内胶原酶溶解联合射频热凝治疗二区C域Ⅲ层腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法:336例二区C域Ⅲ层腰椎间盘突出症患者使用随机数字表进行完全随机分组的方法分为A、B二组,每组168例.A组采用小关节内侧 入路盘内胶原酶溶解联合射频热凝术治疗,B组采用小关节内侧入路盘内胶原酶溶解术治疗.采用MacNab疗效评定标准评估治疗效果.观察二组患者术后2周、3个月的治疗效果.结果:术后2周和3个月,A组治疗优良率高于B组.结论:小关节内侧 入路盘内胶原酶溶解联合射频热凝治疗二区C域Ⅲ层腰椎间盘突出症疗效优于单独应用椎板间孔入路盘内胶原酶溶解术.     

2次注入胶原酶溶盘治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：观察相同剂量胶原酶2次注入与1次注入行腰椎间盘外溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法：腰椎间盘突出症患者80例,随机分为2组各40例,对照组1次性注入胶原酶1200 U,观察组小剂量（600 U）间隔72 h 2次注入胶原酶行侧隐窝盘外溶解治疗。结果：观察15 d及随访12个月时进行疗效评定,结果观察组达优率及优良率均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：2次注入胶原酶盘外溶解治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期和远期疗效均优于1次性注入的方法。     

椎间孔镜与靶点射频治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效比较

目的:探讨椎间孔镜技术和靶点射频联合胶原酶化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果比较。方法:60例腰椎间盘突出症患者分为两组,每组30例,A组用靶点射频联合胶原酶化学溶解术,B组用椎间孔镜技术。记录术前和术后即刻、术后3个月、6个月、12个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog score,VAS),采用Mac Nab标准评定疗效。结果:两组患者的疼痛均得到明显改善,A组VAS评分从术前的(7.25±1.56)分下降到12个月的(1.93±0.39)分,B组VAS评分从术前的(7.35±1.58)分下降到12个月的(1.76±0.27)分,两组术后VAS评分均较术前显著降低(P<0.05);B组在术后即刻、术后3个月和术后6个月VAS评分低于A组(P<0.05)。术后12个月A组优良率83.33%,B组优良率89.67%,B组优良率高于A组,但是统计学没有显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:治疗腰椎间盘突出症椎间孔镜技术6个月内疼痛症状改善优于靶点射频联合胶原酶化学溶解术。     

腰椎硬膜外腔胶原酶注射髓核溶解法治疗腰椎间盘突出症45例疗效分析

目的 探讨腰椎硬膜外腔胶原酶注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法 采用患侧卧位，相应部位行硬膜外穿刺，将硬膜外导管置入病变椎间盘对应的硬膜外腔后，在此腔内注射胶原酶1200^U（上海乔源生物制药有限公司生产的注射用胶原酶（Collagenase）1200^U／支），术后腹卧位休息3d，同时给予脱水、抗炎等治疗，减轻药物刺激引发的神经根水肿。3d后开始下床活动。结果 本组45例腰椎间盘突出症患者经腰椎硬膜外腔胶原酶注射髓核溶解治疗后36例症状缓解或明显减轻，6例于术后症状体征有所减轻，3例无效。讨论 腰椎硬膜外腔胶原酶注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症为一非手术方法治疗椎间盘突出症的方法，创伤小，恢复快，并发症少。只要适应证选择恰当常能获得较满意的疗效。     

连续硬膜外镇痛及射频毁损治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛的疗效

目的：探讨连续硬膜外腔镇痛后行神经根热凝射频毁损治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛的疗效。方法：选择带状疱疹后遗神经痛患者48例，随机分为两组，A组（26例）硬膜外置管连续镇痛；B组（22例）连续硬膜外置管镇痛后行神经根热凝射频毁损手术。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS法），分别测评术前、出院时及出院后6个月的VAS评分，同时评估两组的疗效和并发症。结果：出院时及出院后6个月时，A、B两组的VAS评分均较术前有显著降低（P〈0．01）；两组间YAS评分比较，出院时B组较A组显著性降低（P〈0．05），出院后6个月时B组较A组显著性降低（P〈0．05）；出院时B组病变区域麻木发生率明显高于A组（P〈0．01）。结论：治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛，连续硬膜外腔镇痛后神经根热凝射频毁损方法疗效明显优于单纯连续硬膜外腔镇痛方法，其主要并发症为射频毁损神经支配区域麻木。     

胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症128例临床观察

目的探讨胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的价值。方法对128例确诊腰椎间盘突出症患者行胶原酶溶解术,术后随访6～12个月,并采用改良Macnab法评价疗效,进行回顾性分析,总结腰椎间盘突出症胶原酶溶解术的应用价值。结果 128例患者术后优良率82.0%,有效率93.0%,未出现严重并发症。结论胶原酶溶解术是治疗腰椎间盘突出症有效、安全的微创方法之一,也必将成为此类患者的首选治疗方法。     

硬膜外腔注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症影响疗效的相关因素分析

目的:探讨X射线监视下硬膜外腔注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症影响疗效的相关因素。方法:根据椎间盘突出的大小及突出类型和是否伴有椎管狭窄以及置管位置等将120例患者分组进行影响因素分析,通过复诊和电话询问,在术后1周、3个月、1年分别评定疗效。结果:椎间盘突出大小对疗效影响不明显(P>0.05);术后各时期突出型较膨出型疗效好犤μ分别为2.27(1周),2.15(3个月),1.97(1年),P<0.05犦;不同时期非椎管狭窄组疗效均好于椎管狭窄组犤μ=2.05(1周),μ=3.05(3个月),μ=3.25(1年),P<0.01犦;术后1周硬膜外前间隙组较后间隙组疗效好(μ=2.13,P<0.05),3个月和1年后两组无明显差别。结论:椎管狭窄和椎间盘膨出及药液注射部位是影响硬膜外腔注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效的主要因素。     

胶原酶化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症825例护理体会

目的：研究胶原酶化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的护理,以有效地减少并发症。方法：对采用腰硬膜外腔侧隐窝注射胶原酶化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症825例患者心理进行评估,加强术前指导,做好术前准备,指导患者在术中配合,加强术后的临床观察和护理。结果：本组病例术后的临床症状和体征均很快出现不同的改善,根据Macnab疗效评定标准评定出优、良、可,统计总有效率为93．5％。结论：重视术前指导、心理护理、术中配合、术后的观察和护理,能有效地防止胶原酶化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症并发症的发生。     

早期康复护理预防腰椎间盘突出症术后神经根粘连

目的总结防治腰椎间盘突出症术后神经根粘连的有效方法。方法将2005年3月-2008年4月收治的腰椎间盘突出症手术患者82例随机分为早期康复组(A组,44例)和常规对照组(B组,38例),两组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),有可比性。A组采用康复护理功能锻炼,B组采用常规护理方法。疗效采用日本骨科学会(JOA)下腰痛功能评定表评分,并计算功能改善率。结果术后2周,两组各时间点JOA评分均较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术前JOA评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后各时间点A组评分均高于B组(P<0.05)。治疗后2周A、B组JOA改善率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后3、6、12、24个月A组改善率均高于B组(P<0.01)。结论早期康复护理预防腰椎间盘突出症术后粘连疗效显著、安全。     

腰椎间盘突出症患者术前自我效能感相关因素分析

Objective To study the preoperative self-efficacy of patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH) and its influential factors. Methods Seventy-six patients with LDH underwent operation from June 2008 to March 2009 were enrolled in the current study. The patients were investigated with GSES,SAS,SDS and self-made general characteristics before operation. The data were analyzed with SPSS 11.5. Results The score of preoperative self-efficacy was 25. 84 ±6. 76. The course of disease, education level, patients' hobbits could affect self-efficacy (F = 15. 371,P<0.01;F = 18.078,P<0.01;t =2. 368,P<0. 05). Preoperative self-efficacy correlated negatively with the course of disease (r = - 0.541, P < 0. 01). And preoperative self-efficacy correlated with education level and hobbits(r = 0. 589, P < 0. 01; r = 0. 226, P < 0.05) . The score of preoperative dysphoria and depression was significantly higher than norm (P < 0. 01) . Preoperative self-efficacy correlated negatively with dysphoria and depression (r = -0. 494, P < 0.01; r = - 0. 443, P < 0. 01). Conclusions The score of preoperative self-efficacy with LDH is low; the score of preoperative dysphoria and depression is high. Preoperative self-efficacy correlated negatively with the course of disease. And preoperative self-efficacy correlated with education level and hobbits; Preoperative self-efficacy correlated negatively with preoperative dysphoria and depression.     

腰椎间盘突出症患者术前自我效能感相关因素分析

Objective To study the preoperative self-efficacy of patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH) and its influential factors. Methods Seventy-six patients with LDH underwent operation from June 2008 to March 2009 were enrolled in the current study. The patients were investigated with GSES,SAS,SDS and self-made general characteristics before operation. The data were analyzed with SPSS 11.5. Results The score of preoperative self-efficacy was 25. 84 ±6. 76. The course of disease, education level, patients' hobbits could affect self-efficacy (F = 15. 371,P<0.01;F = 18.078,P<0.01;t =2. 368,P<0. 05). Preoperative self-efficacy correlated negatively with the course of disease (r = - 0.541, P < 0. 01). And preoperative self-efficacy correlated with education level and hobbits(r = 0. 589, P < 0. 01; r = 0. 226, P < 0.05) . The score of preoperative dysphoria and depression was significantly higher than norm (P < 0. 01) . Preoperative self-efficacy correlated negatively with dysphoria and depression (r = -0. 494, P < 0.01; r = - 0. 443, P < 0. 01). Conclusions The score of preoperative self-efficacy with LDH is low; the score of preoperative dysphoria and depression is high. Preoperative self-efficacy correlated negatively with the course of disease. And preoperative self-efficacy correlated with education level and hobbits; Preoperative self-efficacy correlated negatively with preoperative dysphoria and depression.     

椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症48例护理

目的:探讨椎间盘镜手术在治疗腰椎间盘突出症中的临床应用价值,围手术期护理要点和康复指导。方法:对48例应用后路椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者的护理进行分析和总结。结果:术后平均随访6个月,手术优良率为97.3%,无1例发生感染及神经损伤。结论:对后路椎间盘镜腰椎间盘突出症髓核摘除术后患者进行有效的护理和康复指导,是提高手术成功率、促进患者康复的有效措施。     

T2-3 Thoracic disc herniation with myelopathy

We report a case of thoracic disc herniation in a 53-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with a 2-week history of acute lower back numbness and intermittent fecal incontinence. On examination, she had lower extremity hyperreflexia, an abnormal gait, and lower lumbar pain but lacked any radicular findings. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a large focal paracentral herniated disc at the T2-3 level. The patient underwent successful T2-3 anterior discectomy with T2-3 rib autograft fusion. Nine months after surgery her weakness and gait had improved, but she continued to have recurrent intermittent fecal incontinence. Thoracic disc herniation is an uncommon, but treatable cause of spinal cord compression. Prompt recognition and early treatment are the keys to preventing permanent neurologic sequelae.     

经皮激光汽化术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

目的探讨应用经皮穿刺激光汽化减压术（PLDD）治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效、并发症及不良反应。方法将32例腰椎间盘突出症患者（共36个病变椎间盘），在C型臂X线机引导下用18号穿刺针穿刺（经安全三角区或者小关节内缘入路）定位至病变椎间盘髓核部位后，插入660μm激光光纤，给予功率调整在10～16W，脉冲持续与间隔各为1．0s，总能量控制在1200～2800J，行激光汽化术。术后常规给予抗生素、卧床及对症治疗。结果术后随访3月，按照改良Macnab方法进行评定，优28例，良4例，差0例，有效率为100％。治疗过程全部患者无严重疼痛及症状加重，无脊髓、硬脊囊、血管、神经等重要脏器损伤。结论该方法在适应证选择严谨、影像引导下操作的情况下，定位准确、穿刺顺利、成功率高、疗效佳，无不良反应及严重并发症，是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

腰椎间盘突出症患者的康复护理

目的:探讨康复护理干预腰椎间盘突出症患者在康复中的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2004年1月～2009年10月我科收治的264例腰椎间盘突出症患者资料,采用理疗、牵引、电脑中频治疗配合整体康复护理。结果:经过14～21 d的治疗,显效220例,有效44例。结论:临床上常规的康复治疗配合康复护理能显著提高腰椎间盘突出症患者的整体功能恢复。     

Intervertebral Disc: Anatomy-Physiology-Pathophysiology-Treatment

▪ Abstract:   This review article describes anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology and treatment of intervertebral disc. The intervertebral discs lie between the vertebral bodies, linking them together. The components of the disc are nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and cartilagenous end-plates. The blood supply to the disc is only to the cartilagenous end-plates. The nerve supply is basically through the sinovertebral nerve. Biochemically, the important constituents of the disc are collagen fibers, elastin fibers and aggrecan. As the disc ages, degeneration occurs, osmotic pressure is lost in the nucleus, dehydration occurs, and the disc loses its height. During these changes, nociceptive nuclear material tracks and leaks through the outer rim of the annulus. This is the main source of discogenic pain. While this is occurring, the degenerative disc, having lost its height, effects the structures close by, such as ligamentum flavum, facet joints, and the shape of the neural foramina. This is the main cause of spinal stenosis and radicular pain due to the disc degeneration in the aged populations.
Diagnosis is done by a strict protocol and treatment options are described in this review. The rationale for new therapies are to substitute the biochemical constituents, or augment nucleus pulposus or regenerate cartilaginous end-plate or finally artificial disc implantation. ▪.     

腰椎间盘突出合并脊椎滑脱患者手术治疗的临床探索

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出合并脊椎滑脱患者手术治疗方式及临床效果。方法选取于2010年1月至2013年11月间收治的腰椎间盘突出合并脊椎滑脱患者127例,分为观察组(71例)和对照组(56例)。观察组给予椎间盘镜下髓核摘除术治疗,对照组给予MAST Quadrant通道下髓核摘除术治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效及预后情况。结果观察组与对照组患者术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分均明显低于术前(P0.05),Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI)评分均明显高于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组与对照组临床有效率、手术持续时间、出血量、术后VAS评分及ODI评分比较均无明显差异,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论椎间盘镜下髓核摘除术及MAST Quadrant通道下髓核摘除术均是治疗腰椎间盘突出合并脊椎滑脱的有效手段,且创伤较小,可以广泛应用于临床。     

Disc displacement without reduction with limited opening: A clinical diagnostic accuracy study

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of an examination by a physical therapist using a clinical patient population for diagnosing a specific sub-type of disc displacement (DDWoR wLO) compared to the imaged disc position. Methods: Data from 46 patients with a clinical diagnosis of DDWoR wLO (92 clinical examinations and MRI records) were collected. Clinical diagnosis was made based on predefined diagnostic criteria, and the MRI diagnosis was made based on the MRI radiology report obtained from the dental provider. A McNemar test was used to determine whether the outcomes of the clinical and MRI diagnoses differed significantly, and sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, predicative values, 95% confidence intervals, and the overall diagnostic accuracy were computed. Results: There was high sensitivity (85%), moderate but unacceptable specificity (73%), and acceptable overall diagnostic accuracy (80%) for using predefined criteria in the diagnosis of DDWoR wLO. The likelihood ratios and predictive values supported the clinical utility of the criteria used for diagnosing DDWoR wLO. Conclusion: This is the first study to characterize diagnostic accuracy by a physical therapist of a specific sub-type of TMD in a clinical patient population rather than a research based population. The results suggest that while sensitivity and the overall diagnostic accuracy were acceptable, specificity was lower than acceptable and these findings are discussed in relation to clinical utility of using diagnostic criteria in a clinical setting against a gold standard of MRI.