银杏叶片对高原移居青年亚极量运动心率的影响

目的　探讨在高原服用银杏叶片对移居青年亚极量运动心率的影响。方法　将进驻海拔 3 70 0m半年的 2 0名青年随机分为两组 ,每组 10人。对照组口服自制炒面胶囊 ,2粒 /次 ,2次 /d ;实验组口服银杏叶片 ,2片 /次 ,2次 /d。在服药前、服药 15d后两组分别用EGM型踏车功量计做坐位踏车运动 ,初始负荷运动功率 2 5W ,每 3min递增 2 5W ,以 60r/min连续踏车直至力竭。用直线回归法计算每位受试者运动功率 90W时的心率 (HR90W)。结果　实验组服药前后HR90W分别为 ( 12 3 .89± 7.69)次 /min ,( 112 .81± 6.5 4)次 /min ,心率明显降低 ,差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　服用银杏叶片能明显提高高原移居青年的做功效率     

吸液态氧对高原移居青年血流动力学的影响

目的　探讨在高原吸入液态氧对移居青年血流动力学的影响。方法　将进驻海拔 3 70 0m半年的健康青年随机分为两组 ,每组 2 0人。1组为对照组 ,用XG Ⅲ型血液循环功能自动测试仪检测血流动力学 ;另 1组为实验组 ,以 4L/min吸液态氧 3 0min后检测血流动力学。结果　吸氧组较对照组P ,TPR ,ALT降低明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,η,PAWP ,CCP降低非常明显 (P <0 .0 1) ;SV ,mAP ,BK增加明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,BV增加非常明显 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　吸液态氧在海拔 3 70 0m对人体血流动力学有明显改善作用     

乙酰唑胺和维康片对进驻高原青年心功能指数的影响

目的 :探讨不同药物对进驻高原青年做功时心功能指数的影响。方法 :将进驻海拔370 0m半年的 4 0名健康青年随机分为乙酰唑胺组、高原维康片组、红牛饮料组和对照组 ,每组 10人。受试者分别口服不同药物 10天 ,在服药前、服药 10天及停药 10天时分别用EGM型踏车功率计做坐位踏车运动。初始负荷功率 2 5W ,以 6 0rpm连续踏车 ,每 3min递增 5 0W ,递增至 2 2 5W时再踏车 3min后终止。按公式计算每位受试者每次实验时的心功能指数。结果 :红牛饮料组、高原维康片组及乙酰唑胺组服药 10天及停药 10天时 ,心功能指数较服药前及对照组增高 ,差别有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :红牛饮料、高原维康片及乙酰唑胺能明显提高高原移居青年的心功能及做功效率     

西地那非对高原移居青年血流动力学的影响

目的探讨西地那非对高原移居青年血流动力学的影响。方法把进驻海拔3700m半年的20名青年随机分为两组,每组10人,一组为服药组,另一组为对照组。两组在服药1h后分别用XG-Ⅲ型血液循环功能自动测试仪检测血流动力学。结果服药组较对照组P、TPR、ALT、η、PAWP、CCP降低,差异有统计学意义(P(0.05);SV、mAP、BK、BV增高,差异有统计学意义(P(0.05)。结论服用西地那非对高原移居青年血流动力学有明显的改善作用。     

乙酰唑胺和高原维康片对进驻高原青年肺通气功能的影响

目的　探讨不同药物对进驻高原青年做功时肺通气功能的影响。方法　将进驻海拔 3 70 0m半年的 40名健康青年随机分为乙酰唑胺组、高原维康片组、红牛饮料组和对照组 ,每组 10人。受试者分别口服不同药物 10d ,在服药前、服药 10d及停药 10d时分别用EGM型踏车功率计做坐位踏车运动。初始负荷功率 2 5W以 60r/min连续踏车 ,每 3min递增 5 0W ,递增至 2 2 5W时再踏车 3min后终止。计算每位受试者运动功率 2 2 5W时的每分钟肺通气量 (VE)及血氧饱和度 (SaO2 )。结果　红牛饮料组、高原维康片组及乙酰唑胺组服药 10d及停药 10d ,VE 较服药前及对照组降低 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;SaO2 较服药前及对照组增高 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　红牛饮料、高原维康片及乙酰唑胺均能改善高原移居青年的肺通气及提高做功效率。     

酪氨酸对高原人体运动NO和NOS的影响

目的 :探讨酪氨酸对高原人体运动时一氧化氮 (NO)及其合酶 (NOS)的影响。方法 :对进驻海拔 370 0m高原半年的 4 0名健康青年随机分为酪氨酸组、乙酰唑胺组、依那普利组及对照组 ,每组 10人。在安静时、服药前、服药第 10天、第 15天及停药第 10天、第 2 0天分别采用功率自行车进行渐增负荷运动至力竭 ,测定其血清中NO、NOS含量。结果 :① 4组青年力竭运动后较安静时NO、NOS均增高 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ;②服用酪氨酸、乙酰唑胺、依那普利加硝苯地平 10天NO、NOS均增高 (P <0 .0 1或P >0 .0 5 ) ;酪氨酸组停药 2 0天药效消失 ,乙酰唑胺组、硝苯地平组停药 10天药效消失。结论 :酪氨酸、乙酰唑胺、依那普利均能增强高原运动时NOS活性 ,使NO合成增加 ,改善高原运动通气 /血流比 ,增强氧合功能 ,其中酪氨酸效果更明显。     

氦氖激光血管内照射对高原肺水肿患者血流动力学的影响

观察氦氖激光血管内照射疗法 (ILIB)对高原肺水肿患者血流动力学的影响 ;方法 :2 4例高原肺水肿患者 ,随机分为两组 ,常规治疗组 (12例 )接受吸氧、静脉注射速尿、氨茶碱、地塞米松 ,口服硝苯吡啶 ;ILIB组 (12例 )在常规治疗的基础上经肘正中静脉每日照射一次 ,每次 90分钟 ,平均治疗 1～ 4次 ,两组分别在治疗前及治疗 90分钟时用XG -Ⅲ型血液循环功能自动测试仪检测血流动力学 ;结果 :常规治疗组两次检测结果差异不显著 ,ILIB组治疗后P、η降低显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;TPR、AR、ALT、mAP、PAWP降低及BV、SV增高非常显著 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 0 1) ;结论 :ILIB对高原肺水肿患者的血流动力学有良好的调节作用。     

乙酰唑胺和高原维康片对高原人体运动血乳酸及血氨的影响

目的　探讨乙酰唑胺、高原维康片和红牛饮料对高原人体运动时血乳酸 (BLA)及血氨 (Ammo)的影响。方法　对进驻海拔 3 70 0m高原半年的 40名健康青年随机分为乙酰唑胺组、高原维康片组、红牛饮料组及对照组 ,每组 10名。在安静时、服药前、服药第 10天及停药第 10天分别采用功率自行车进行渐增负荷运动至力竭 ,测定其血清中BLA和Ammo含量。结果　 ( 1)高原力竭运动使BLA和Ammo增加 (P <0 .0 1) ;( 2 )给予乙酰唑胺、高原维康片和红牛饮料 10d即可使BLA ,Ammo降低 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。结论　乙酰唑胺、高原维康片和红牛饮料均能增强高原机体能量代谢 ,提高机体的有氧运动能力 ,具有良好的抗疲劳作用。且乙酰唑胺效果更明显     

药物对进驻高原青年睡眠剥夺及力竭运动时肺通气功能的影响

目的 :探讨红景天与乙酰唑胺对进驻高原青年睡眠剥夺及力竭运动时肺通气量的影响。方法 :将进驻海拔 370 0m 1个月的 2 4名健康青年随机分为 3组 ,每组 8人。受试者用EGM型踏车功量机做坐位踏车运动。初始负荷功率 2 5W ,每 3min递增 2 5W ,直至力竭。计算每位受试者的每分通气量 (VE)。第二次实验为 2 4h睡眠剥夺后 ;第三次实验为 3组受试者分别口服红景天、乙酰唑胺和安慰剂 2 0d后 ;第四次实验为服药后 2 4h睡眠剥夺后 ,实验方法与第一次相同。结果 :红景天组和乙酰唑胺组服药后与服药后睡眠剥夺后VE较服药前、睡眠剥夺后及对照组明显降低 ,差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :红景天和乙酰唑胺均能改善高原移居青年的肺通气及提高做功效率     

银杏叶片对高原人体运动后自由基代谢的影响

目的:探讨银杏叶片、酪氨酸冲剂和红景天对高原人体力竭运动自由基代谢的影响。方法:将进驻海拔3700 m高原半年的30名健康男青年随机分为银杏叶片组、红景天组和酪氨酸组,每组 10 人。在服药前、服药第 15 d分别采用功率自行车进行递增负荷运动至力竭,测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:3组青年服药前运动后较安静时GSH Px、MDA增高,有非常显著性差异(P<0 .01);SOD无统计学差异(P>0 .05)。服药后运动后较安静时SOD、GSH Px、MDA均增高,有非常显著性差异(P<0 .01)。服药后较服药前SOD、GSH Px增高,MDA降低,有非常显著性差异(P<0. 01)。3组之间比较,SOD、GSH Px、MDA均无统计学差异(P>0. 05)。结论:银杏叶片、酪氨酸冲剂和红景天均具有较强的自由基清除能力,能延缓运动性疲劳发生,提高高原作业效率。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.