内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液诊断和治疗的临床价值

目的：探讨内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液的诊断价值,以及应用内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术对恶性胸腔积液的治疗价值。方法回顾性性分析2008年1月至2014年1月在郑州市第三人民医院呼吸内科接受内科胸腔镜诊断的142例胸腔积液患者的临床资料。评价内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液的诊断阳性率和分析病因。将确诊为恶性胸腔积液的患者分为胸腔镜组和对照组。胸腔镜组给予内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术,对照组胸给予胸腔引流管内灌注滑石粉而实现胸膜固定。对两组的疗效进行对比和分析。结果在142例胸腔积液患者中,有136例经内科胸腔镜检查及病理活检明确诊断,确诊率达95.8%。其中恶性胸腔积液(含恶性胸膜间皮瘤2例)85例(59.9%),结核性胸膜炎31例(21.8%),肺炎旁积液13例(9.2%),非特异性炎症7例(4.9%),原因不明胸腔积液6例(4.2%)。确诊的85例恶性胸腔积液患者中,胸腔镜组56例,1个月后复查有效率为91.1%,完全缓解率为82.1%;对照组29例,1个月后复查有效率为69.0%,完全缓解率为48.3%,两组有效率和完全缓解率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.786、10.555,P 值分别为0.009、0.001)。结论内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液具有较好的确诊率,内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术可以有效地治疗恶性胸腔积液。     

电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效.方法 选取我院因各种原因导致并经病理诊断确诊为恶性胸腔积液的患者50例,随机分为两组,观察组采用电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗,对照组采用胸腔闭式引流手术治疗.观察两组患者有效率、缓解率情况,以及胸腔积液中白细胞、总蛋白定量及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的改善情况.结果 观察组患者总有效率为96.0%,完全缓解率为92.0%,明显高于对照组的64.0%和32.0%,差异具有统计学意义,P〈0.05.且治疗后两组患者积液检查的白细胞、蛋白含量以及乳酸脱氢酶的量都显著降低,但观察组降低幅度明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义.P〈0.05.结论 电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液效果显著,且安全性高,值得推荐.     

内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液诊治的临床研究

目的探讨内科胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液诊治中的临床应用效果。方法对我科以恶性胸腔积液住院的患者,分为胸腔镜组及对照组,对诊治结果进行诊断分析,评价内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液的诊断阳性率和治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。结果胸腔镜组确诊率为92.9%,对照组确诊率为69.05%。两组患者的治疗效果比较,其完全缓解率具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液进行胸膜活检,诊断率阳性率高,在治疗方面,胸腔镜下胸膜固定术能够有效地控制恶性胸腔积液的产生,效果明显优于传统胸腔引流术,值得临床广泛推广应用。     

可弯曲内科胸腔镜术对恶性胸腔积液的诊治价值

目的探讨可弯曲内科电子胸腔镜在诊治恶性胸腔积液中的价值。方法经可弯曲内科电子胸腔镜检查确诊的118例恶性胸腔积液的临床资料进行了分析,118例中55例经内科胸腔镜行滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术。结果 118例均经胸膜活检病理确诊,包括肺癌胸膜转移106例(腺癌74例、鳞癌22例、小细胞癌7例、大细胞癌1例、病理未能分型2例),其他部位胸膜转移6例,胸膜间皮瘤4例,胸膜淋巴瘤2例。胸膜病变主要表现为大小不等的结节、肿块、扁平隆起、白斑、胸膜充血等。胸腔镜下滑石粉胸膜固定术组的胸水控制率为96.4%(53/55),通过胸腔闭式引流管注药的对照组胸水控制率为67.3%(37/55),两组疗效相差显著(P0.01)。胸膜固定术患者术后出现胸痛52例、发热45例,均对症治疗后好转,118例均未发现严重并发症。结论可弯曲内科电子胸腔镜术诊治恶性胸腔积液是一种安全、微创、高效而实用的方法,值得临床广泛推广。     

重组人5型腺病毒胸腔灌注治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液

目的观察重组人5型腺病毒注射液胸腔灌注对肺癌恶性胸腔积液的临床治疗效果。方法 45例肺癌恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为观察组（23例）和对照组（22例）,两组均应用微创置管胸腔闭式引流结合局部注药,观察组胸腔内局部灌注重组人5型腺病毒注射液,对照组局部灌注顺铂,观察胸腔积液控制情况、毒副反应。结果观察组胸液控制有效率为82.61%,完全缓解率47.83%;对照组有效率为40.91%,完全缓解率为18.18%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组和对照组均无严重不良反应。结论胸腔内局部灌注重组人5型腺病毒注射液在有效控制肺癌恶性胸腔积液方面明显优于顺铂,值得推广应用。     

尿激酶治疗多房包裹性恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察简

目的 观察尿激酶治疗包裹性恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效.方法 收集73例肺腺癌伴包裹性恶性胸腔积液患者,随机分为两组,尿激酶组（n=37）经导管向胸腔内注入尿激酶25万U,连续3-5个周期;对照组（n=36）患者仅导管充分引流胸水.所有患者待肺完全复张后给予博莱霉素6万U胸腔注射,行胸膜固定术.比较两组患者一般特征、胸水引流量、肺复张情况和胸膜固定术成功率等;结果 两组患者一般特征无显著差异,其中尿激酶组86%患者（32例）肺完全复张,对照组61%（22例）患者肺完全复张,组间差异显著（P〈0.05）.两组的胸膜固定术成功率无差异（P〉0.05）.结论 胸腔内注射尿激酶可显著增加包裹性恶性胸腔积液患者的肺复张率,可作为恶性胸腔积液患者的常规处理方法.     

内科胸腔镜辅助治疗结核性胸腔积液疗效研究

目的探讨内科胸腔镜辅助治疗结核性胸腔积液临床疗效。方法在常规抗结核、对症支持等综合治疗基础上,试验组行内科胸腔镜辅助治疗,对照组行胸腔闭式引流,观察手术相关指标、术后1个月临床疗效以及不良反应。结果试验组和对照组病例拔管时间、胸膜厚度、肺功能改善(FEV1%、FVC%)差异显著(均P0.05);两组治疗有效率分别为94.79%和60.44%,差异显著(P0.05);不良反应发生率分别为6.25%和23.08%,差异显著(P0.05)。结论内科胸腔镜辅助治疗结核性胸腔积液临床效果理想。     

内科胸腔镜检查在良恶性胸腔积液的诊治应用分析

目的认识内科胸腔镜检查在良恶性胸腔积液的病因学诊断价值。方法对34例胸腔积液患者实施胸腔镜检查,对恶性胸腔积液的患者采取多部位钳夹（8～10个部位）,闭式引流管保留1～3天。结果34例患者经病理确诊32例,确诊率为91．4％。结核性胸膜炎41．2％（14／34）;非典型炎性病变5．9％（2／34）;恶性肿瘤52．9％（18／34）。14例结核性胸膜炎患者术后均在1周内完全缓解（CR）;18例恶性胸腔积液检查后完全缓解（CR）率66．7％（12／18）,总有效率83．3％（15／18）,无效（PD）3例均有严重低蛋白血症。12例完全缓解（CR）患者,10例未出现胸水复发,2例出现胸水复发,复发率16．7％。结论内科胸腔镜检查能准确诊断胸膜疾病的病因,而且对结核性胸膜炎和恶性胸腔积液均有很好的治疗效果。     

胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的护理体会

恶性胸腔积液是恶性肿瘤侵及胸膜的常见晚期表现。传统采用反复胸腔穿刺抽液、胸腔内注药等,但效果不佳。我科自2007年1月至2008年12月,应用电视胸腔镜术（video—assisted thoracoscope surgery,VATS）对20例恶性胸水患者进行滑石粉胸膜固定术,取得满意效果,现将护理体会介绍如下。     

内科胸腔镜联合尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液患者疗效分析

目的探讨内科胸腔镜联合尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液患者的临床效果。方法将2016年2月至2018年11月在我院住院治疗的结核性包裹性胸腔积液患者106例,随机分为观察组(54例)和对照组(52例),对照组患者给予胸腔穿刺配合尿激酶注入治疗,观察组患者采用内科胸腔镜联合尿激酶治疗。比较两组患者抽吸和引流出的胸水总量、置管时间、临床症状消失时间、不良反应;比较两组患者出院2个月后的胸膜厚度、FVC、FEV1/FVC水平以及临床治疗效果。结果观察组患者抽吸和引流出的胸水总量明显多于对照组,置管时间和临床症状消失时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗2个月后,两组患者的胸膜厚度、FVC、FEV1/FVC均得到明显改善,观察组患者的改善情况更为明显(P0.05);观察组患者的治疗总有效率(96.3%)显著高于对照组(80.8%),临床疗效明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗期间均未出现明显的不良反应。结论内科胸腔镜联合尿激酶治疗能明显提高结核性包裹性胸腔积液患者的临床疗效,改善患者肺功能,治疗安全性高,值得推广应用。     

Streptokinase for malignant pleural effusions: a randomized controlled study

Effective palliative treatment in malignant pleural effusion can only be carried out when the lung is fully expanded after drainage of effusion. We investigated the efficacy of intrapleural fibrinolytics for lysing fibrin deposits and improving lung reexpansion in patients with malignant pleural effusion. We randomly allocated 47 patients with malignant pleural effusion into 2 groups: a fibrinolytic group of 24 were given 3 cycles of 250,000 U intrapleural streptokinase; the control group of 23 received pleural drainage only. Pleurodesis with 5 mg of talc slurry was performed in all patients who had lung reexpansion after drainage. Patient characteristics, pleural drainage, lung expansion assessed by chest radiography, and pleurodesis outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Patient characteristics were similar in both groups. Lung reexpansion was adequate for performing talc pleurodesis in 96% of patients in the fibrinolytic group and 74% in the control group. In the fibrinolytic group, the mean volume of daily pleural drainage before streptokinase administration was 425 mL, and it increased significantly to 737 mL after streptokinase infusion. Intrapleural administration of streptokinase is advisable for patients with malignant pleural effusion.     

A comparative study of pleurodesis using talc slurry and bleomycin in the management of malignant pleural effusions

Differing success rates of various pleurodesis agents have been reported in the management of malignant pleural effusions. A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of two commonly used agents, talc and bleomycin, for the pleurodesis of malignant pleural effusions. Methodology : Inclusion in the study required proof of a malignant pleural effusion by fluid cytology or pleural biopsy. Exclusion criteria included trapped lung, loculated effusions, recurrent effusions and life expectancy < 1 month. Five grams of talc or 1 unit per kilogram bodyweight of bleomycin mixed in 150 mL of normal saline was administered via tube thoracostomy after complete drainage of the pleural effusion in each patient. Treatment success was defined as the absence of recurrent pleural effusion on the chest radiograph 1 month after pleurodesis. Results : Treatment success was achieved in 16 out of 18 patients (89%) in the talc slurry group versus 14 out of 20 patients (70%) in the bleomycin group (P = 0.168). Fever and pain were the only side‐effects of pleurodesis in both groups. Conclusion : These results indicate that talc slurry is as effective as bleomycin in preventing early recurrence of malignant pleural effusions. Pleurodesis with talc instead of bleomycin can result in significant cost savings.     

Successful talc slurry pleurodesis in patients with nonmalignant pleural effusion

BACKGROUND: Chemical pleurodesis is an effective treatment for malignant pleural effusion and pneumothorax. This mode of therapy is, however, less widely accepted in the treatment of patients with refractory benign or undiagnosed pleural effusion. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To analyze the outcome of talc slurry pleurodesis in patients with nonmalignant pleural effusions. DESIGN: Retrospective and partly prospective analysis of clinical outcome. SETTING: Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: Between 1992 and 1997, we treated 16 patients with nonmalignant pleural effusion using talc slurry pleurodesis. The cause of effusion was congestive heart failure in 6 patients, liver cirrhosis in 4 patients, yellow nail syndrome in 1 patient, systemic lupus erythematosus in 1 patient, chylothorax in 1 patient, and undiagnosed in 3 patients. INTERVENTIONS: Nine patients were hospitalized, and seven patients received treatment in a day-care setting. Follow-up ranged from 2 months to 3 years. RESULTS: Complete success was observed in 12 cases (75%), partial success in 3 cases (19%), and pleurodesis was ineffectual in 1 case (6%). There were no significant complications after the procedure in any of our patients. A review of the English-language medical literature revealed an additional 110 reported cases of nonmalignant pleural effusion that were treated with chemical pleurodesis. Of these cases, talc was used in 65% with a success rate of nearly 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Chemical pleurodesis, and specifically talc slurry, is an effective treatment for recurrent benign or undiagnosed pleural effusion. This procedure is safe and easily performed and, in selected cases, can be performed in an outpatient day-care setting.     

鸦胆子油乳联合丝裂霉素治疗恶性胸腔积液的研究

目的研究鸦胆子油乳联用丝裂霉素治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法选样67例患有恶性胸腔积液的住院患者,分别胸腔内注射鸦胆子油乳、丝裂霉素与单用鸦胆子油乳、丝裂霉素,每周1次,连续注射2-3周。结果鸦胆子油乳联用丝裂霉素组治疗有效率83.3%,鸦胆子油乳组59.1%,丝裂霉素组57.1%（P〈0.05）。结论鸦胆子油乳联用丝裂霉素治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效明显优于单用鸦胆子油乳、丝裂霉素。     

The neutrophilic and fibrinolytic response to talc can predict the outcome of pleurodesis.

It was hypothesised that monitoring neutrophil and D-dimer (DD) levels into the pleural fluid, after talc instillation, could predict the outcome of pleurodesis. The current authors investigated a total of 168 patients with malignant pleural effusion, who were treated with talc poudrage. According to the outcome the patients were categorised into one of two groups, either successful or failed pleurodesis. In all cases, pleural fluid neutrophils and DDs were determined on serial measurements at 0, 3, 24 and 48 h after the procedure. The time course of these parameters was assessed in both groups and the time point at which they could better predict the outcome was further explored. Neutrophils rose rapidly after talc poudrage in both groups, reaching a plateau at 24 h, although in successful pleurodesis this response was significantly higher. DD dropped markedly at 24 h in the group with the successful outcome, but it did not show significant changes in the other group. A cut-off value of 61% for neutrophils and 61 mg.L-1 for the DD at 24 h yielded the best prognosis for successful pleurodesis. The current authors conclude that serial measurements of neutrophil and d-dimer values into the pleural fluid after talc poudrage could be used as predictors of the outcome of pleurodesis.     

Prognostic value of pleural fluid pH in malignant epithelial mesothelioma after talc poudrage

BACKGROUND: Current staging schemes for malignant mesothelioma are inadequate. The most accurate staging may require pneumonectomy - a procedure associated with many complications. The pH of pleural fluid (ppH) predicts survival in non-mesotheliomatous malignant pleural effusions, suggesting that this noninvasive test might be useful for prognostication in malignant mesothelioma. OBJECTIVE: It was the aim of this study to determine whether baseline ppH correlates with survival in malignant epithelial pleural mesothelioma. METHODS: We reviewed survival data in patients treated with thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis whose final diagnosis was epithelial malignant pleural mesothelioma and whose chart recorded a ppH determination performed just before thoracoscopy. We monitored 26 patients until April 2002 (25 of these patients died), identifying cutoff ppH values that discriminate best for survival; Cox proportional hazards models were recursively run by increasing the ppH cutoff value by 0.02 each time. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 19+/-14 months. Mean ppH was 7.30+/-0.09, and median ppH was 7.32. Several cutoff points correlated with a statistically significant difference in survival, but ppH 7.32 was associated with the greatest value for the area under the curve. Patients with ppH>.32 lived a median of 21.2 months (95% confidence interval 16.5-30.0 months) after diagnosis compared with patients who had ppH 相似文献