光动力联合顺铂治疗大鼠脑胶质瘤的生存期观察

目的 探讨光动力（PDT）联合顺铂治疗大鼠脑恶性胶质瘤的杀伤效应、机制及对大鼠生存期影响.方法 健康Wistar雄性大鼠30只,体重280～300g,建立C6胶质瘤模型,2周后随机分为3组,对照组、顺铂治疗组、PDT联合顺铂治疗组,分别进行生存观察和生存分析.结果 大鼠平均生存时间：对照组（38.2±3.5）d,顺铂组（39.6±4.0）d,PDT联合顺铂组（41.9±4.0）d.联合顺铂组与对照组及顺铂组比较,生存分析曲线差异有显著性（P〈0.05）.结论 光动力（PDT）联合顺铂治疗对大鼠脑胶质瘤有明显的杀伤和抑制作用,光动力开放血脑屏障、血瘤屏障后为化疗药物有效作用于肿瘤组织提供新途径,延长大鼠生存期.     

p53基因联合顺铂对实验性胶质瘤的治疗作用

目的观察p53基因和顺铂对实验性胶质瘤的治疗作用。方法先以人胶质瘤细胞株U251建立裸鼠胶质瘤模型,然后瘤体内注射p53基因和/或腹腔内注射顺铂,定期测量肿瘤的大小。结果观察30d,p53基因联合顺铂治疗组的肿瘤大小为(0.44±0.05)cm3,顺铂治疗组为(0.92±0.03)cm3,p53基因治疗组为(1.16±0.10)cm3,对照组为(1.72±0.17)cm3,各组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论对实验性胶质瘤,p53基因联合顺铂治疗组的疗效好于单用p53基因或顺铂治疗组。     

人脑胶质瘤间质内化疗研究进展

间质内化疗可避开血脑屏障 ,减少全身用药的毒副作用而大大提高肿瘤局部的药物浓度 ,达到对人脑胶质瘤良好的化疗效果。目前研究较多的是生物分解型多聚体缓释剂瘤腔内给药技术 ,其特点是其分子间有一定的空间结构 ,药物可被储存于其中 ,在体内化疗药物随多聚物的缓解而缓慢释放 ,并可通过改变多聚物的分子量或交联度来控制化疗药物的释放速度。一系列的实验和临床研究表明 ,间质内化疗对胶质瘤具有良好的疗效 ,显示出良好的应用前景。     

颈内动脉超选择灌注卡铂治疗颅内胶质瘤和转移瘤临…

本文报告经颈内动脉超选择灌注卡铂治疗胶质瘤１０例，颅内转移癌２例。化疗前及化疗后一月检查ＣＴ比较瘤体变化。１０例胶质瘤中８例瘤体缩小１０％～２０％，２例瘤体增大。２例转移癌中１例瘤体完全消失，１例瘤体缩小７０％。全部患者均无视网膜及神经系统毒性反应。根据国际通用的肿瘤疗效观察标准分析，颈内动脉超选择灌注卡铂治疗胶质瘤效果不理想，但对颅内转移癌有满意的疗效。本文对颈内动脉灌注给药的方式方法进行了探讨     

颈内动脉超选择灌注卡铂治疗颅内胶质瘤和转移癌临床研究

本文报告经颈内动脉超选择灌注卡铂治疗胶质瘤１０例，颅内转移癌２例。化疗前及化疗后一月检查ＣＴ比较瘤体变化。１０例胶质瘤中８例瘤体缩小１０％～２０％，２例瘤体增大。２例转移癌中１例瘤体完全消失，１例瘤体缩小７０％。全部患者均无视网膜及神经系统毒性反应。根据国际通用的肿瘤疗效观察标准分析，颈内动脉超选择灌注卡铂治疗胶质瘤效果不理想，但对颅内转移癌有满意的疗效。本文对颈内动脉灌注给药的方式方法进行了探讨。     

碳铂颈动脉给药的临床前药理

我们用 G422小鼠胶质瘤株作了顺铂和碳铂的药效比较;用大鼠作了不同给药途径脑摄取药物的比较,其结果是:碳铂与顺铂对 G422小鼠胶质瘤的生长抑制率接近;大鼠颈动脉与股静脉灌注碳铂10mg/kg,用无火焰原子吸收光度法检测脑组织与血浆中铂,结果于血脑屏障开放后颈动脉给药,30分钟灌注侧脑半球铂含量为116.46±8.8μg/g,比对侧提高8倍,未经血脑屏障开放颈动脉给药鼠,30分钟灌注侧半球铂量为75.45±1.65μg/g,比对侧提高3倍,同时间的血浆铂均低于脑组织铂含量10倍,股静脉给药后4小时,脑组织铂已检测不到,而颈动脉给药鼠的灌注侧半球铂含量仍可达5.26±0.48μg/g。大鼠颈动脉与股静脉给药的药代动力学均呈二室开放模型,参数分别为:分布相半衰期T_(1/2)α;动脉:2.86分钟;静脉:3.32分钟;消除相半衰期 T_(1/1)β;动脉:80.10分钟;静脉:136.00分钟。     

亲细胞非均质分子脂质对鼠脑胶质瘤局部治疗的研究

目的:探讨亲细胞非均质分子脂质(CHML)对脑胶质瘤动物模型瘤内局部用药的效果。方法:建立SD大鼠脑内C6胶质细胞瘤模型,应用立体定向技术瘤内局部注射CHML-6.0浓度为500和200μg·mL~(-1)的CHML复合液,观察生存状态、饮食状况、体重变化、肢体活动情况及对刺激的反应,行鼠脑MRI和病理学检查以检测药物的疗效。结果:用药后,大鼠的摄食活动等生存状态保持正常,用药组的肿瘤生长受到抑制,其生存期明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两种浓度组间无显著差别。结论:CHML-6.0浓度为500、200μg·mL~(-1)的CHML复合液瘤内局部治疗脑胶质瘤细胞安全有效。     

碳铂经动脉导管治疗恶性脑瘤的临床药理

碳铂经动脉导管治疗恶性脑瘤的临床药理陈东玲，李明，姜丰，石祥恩，王小平，甲戈，王忠诚碳铂抗肿瘤谱与顺铂近似。但对消化系统、肾脏与神经系统的毒性却明显低于顺铂（１，２），国外已用于复发性胶质瘤的治疗（３）。经动脉插管于眼动脉上端给药治疗恶性脑瘤尚未见报...     

放线菌素D和VM-26对大鼠胶质瘤细胞增殖的影响的体内实验研究

目的研究放线菌素D(ACTD)、替尼泊甙(VM-26)对大鼠胶质瘤细胞增殖的体内治疗效果。方法将C6大鼠胶质瘤细胞接种于鼠脑右侧尾状核,并对鼠脑内已形成的C6胶质瘤分别用ACTD及VM-26抗瘤缓释剂瘤区原位注射。观察大鼠的一般情况、生存期、肿瘤病理学和磁共振成像(MRI)动态改变,采用PCNA计数、TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞增殖活性及凋亡。结果对照组及空载组大鼠平均生存期为19.3d,ACTD组6只及VM-26组3只大鼠生存期明显延长,存活期超过200d;除因病理检查人为处死各2只外,ACTD组治疗后4周内死亡2只,VM-26组5只。MRI检查对照组脑内有明显瘤灶,治疗组脑内瘤灶治疗后明显减少或消失,治疗组C6细胞增殖活性降低,大量细胞凋亡,ACTD组较VM-26组显著。结论ACTD可望成为体内局部应用治疗胶质瘤的优选化疗药物。     

P—糖蛋白在颅脑肿瘤中表达的研究

采用Ｐ－糖蛋白单抗和免疫荧光染色法检测４５例颅脑肿瘤手术标本，Ｐ－糖蛋白阳性表达率如下；原发性胶质瘤１３／２８，脑转移癌１／２，颅骨恶性肿瘤２／２，脑膜瘤，听神经瘤和垂体腺瘤等良性肿瘤０／１３。在胶质瘤中Ｐ－糖蛋白的表达强度与肿瘤的恶性程度呈正相关。     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.