FAT10单核苷酸多态性与肝细胞癌发生发展的关联

目的探讨FAT10基因外显子和侧翼序列单核苷酸多态性（single-nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）与 肝细胞癌发生和临床病理的关系。方法通过DNA测序分析方法,检测254例肝癌和268例健康对照人群的FAT10基因SNPs,并比较不同基因型与肝细胞癌的发生和临床病理的的关系。采用Haploview统计软件分析研究对象的连锁不平衡和单体型。结果在肝癌组和对照组共检测到10个SNPs位点。 其中-143 A/G,-121 A/G,+3476 T/C,+3607 T/C,+3620 C/G和 +3809 G/T基因型与相应的野生型纯合子相比能明显降低肝癌发病的风险（P<0.05）,但是这些多态性位点的基因型频率与肝癌的临床表型无关（P>0.05）。进一步单体型分析发现,各变异等位基因在病例组和对照组内均存在遗传连锁不平衡现象,AATTTCG、AATCTCG、GGCTCGT和AGCTCGT为四种常见的单体型。GGCTCGT和AGCTCGT单体型可能对肝癌的发病起保护性效应（OR=0.41,95%CI:0.24~0.70,P<0.05 和OR=0.43,95% CI:0.22~0.983,P<0.05）,而AATTTCG单体型可能增加肝癌的发病风险（OR=1.64,95% CI:1.24~2.17,P<0.05）。结论本研究首次发现中国汉族人群FAT10基因外显子和侧翼序列SNPs与肝癌的易感性相关,但需要不同种族的大样本和功能研究进一步验证。     

Folate metabolism genes, vegetable intake and renal cancer risk in central Europe

In a multicenter case-control study of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) conducted in central and eastern Europe, we reported a strong inverse association with high vegetable intake and RCC risk. The odds ratio (OR) for high compared to the lowest tertile of vegetable intake was OR = 0.67; (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53-0.83; p-trend < 0.001). We hypothesized that variation in key folate metabolism genes may modify this association. Common variation in 5 folate metabolism genes (CBS: Ex9+33C > T (rs234706), Ex13 +41C > T (rs1801181), Ex18 -391 G > A (rs12613); MTHFR: A222V Ex5+79C > T (rs1801133), Ex8-62A > C (rs1801131); MTR: Ex26 20A > G (rs1805087), MTRR: Ex5+136 T > C (rs161870), and TYMS:IVS2-405 C > T (rs502396), Ex8+157 C > T (rs699517), Ex8+227 A > G (rs2790)) were analyzed among 1,097 RCC cases and 1,555 controls genotyped in this study. Having at least 1 variant T allele of MTHFR A222V was associated with higher RCC risk compared to those with 2 common (CC) alleles (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.17-1.77; p = 0.001). After stratification by tertile of vegetable intake, the higher risk associated with the variant genotype was only observed in the low and medium tertiles (p-trend = 0.001), but not among those in the highest tertile (p-interaction = 0.22). The association remained robust after calculation of the false discovery rate (FDR = 0.05). Of the 3 TYMS SNPs examined, only the TYMS IVS2 -405 C (rs502396) variant was associated with a significantly lower risk compared to the common genotype (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57-0.93). Vegetable intake modified the association between all 3 TYMS SNPs and RCC risk (p-interaction < 0.04 for all). In summary, these findings suggest that common variation in MTHFR and TYMS genes may be associated with RCC risk, particularly when vegetable intake is low.     

广西地区人群TNF-α基因启动子区多态性与肝癌的易感性研究

背景与目的:原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是一种高度恶性的肿瘤,TNF-α参与了HCC的病理发生、发展过程。本研究探讨广西地区人群TNF-α基因启动子区-1031C/T(rs1799964)和-308A/G(rs1800629)的单核苷酸多态性及其与环境因素的交互作用与HCC遗传易感性的关系。方法:采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究,选择来自于广西地区的新发HCC患者620例,相同地区年龄、性别和民族频数匹配的非肿瘤患者625例。采用TaqMan MGB实时荧光定量PCR方法对TNF-α基因-1031位点和-308位点进行基因分型,比较不同基因型与HCC患病风险的关系,并探讨基因-环境的交互作用对患病风险的影响。结果:TNF-a基因-1031位点3种基因型TT、TC、CC在病例组和对照组中分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与TT基因型患者相比,TC或CC基因型者患HCC的风险并无显著增加(P>0.05)。TNF-α基因-308位点GG、GA、AA基因型在病例组和对照组中分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与GG基因型患者相比,GA或AA基因型者患HCC的风险并无显著增加(P>0.05)。叉生分析结果表明,TNF-α基因-1031位点单核苷酸多态性与吸烟、饮酒及HBV感染等环境因素在HCC发生中存在交互作用,OR分别为3.367、4.709和25.433;-308位点与吸烟、饮酒、食鱼生及HBV感染等环境因素在HCC发生中存在交互作用,OR分别为3.720、5.316、24.975和19.822。结论:TNF-α基因-1031位点和-308位点单核苷酸多态性在HCC发生过程中,可能无独立的危险作用,但与吸烟、饮酒、食鱼生及HBsAg阳性等环境因素交互作用能增加HCC的发病风险。     

谷胱甘肽转移酶P1基因多态性与儿童ALL HD-MTX不良反应的关系

  目的  研究谷胱甘肽转移酶P1(glutathione S-transferase pi, GSTP1)基因多态性与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL)使用大剂量甲氨蝶呤(high-dose methotrexate, HD-MTX)化疗后不良反应的关系。  方法  应用巢式PCR (Nest PCR)、变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis, DGGE)和DNA直接测序技术检测51例儿童ALL GSTP1基因型和等位基因分布频率, 按美国国立癌症研究所的常规毒性判定标准(NCICTCAE)对HD-MTX不良反应进行统计分析。  结果  筛查出3个GSTP1 SNPs位点即rs1695(A313G)、rs1138272(G439T)和rs4891(T555C)。rs1695/rs4891多态性位点包括32例(62.7%)野生型、16例(31.4%)杂合型和3例(5.9%)纯合型, rs1138272多态性位点仅包括1例(2.0%)杂合型和1例(2.0%)纯合型。3个SNPs位点等位基因频率分别为21.6%、2.9%和21.6%。GSTP1 rs1695/rs4891多态性位点中AG+GG/TC+CC基因型与外周血血红蛋白减少有关(OR=0.25, 95% CI=0.06~1.00, P=0.049), GSTP1 rs1695/rs4891多态性位点中AG+GG/TC+CC基因型与高危组患儿胃肠毒性发生有关(OR=0.125, 95% CI=0.02~0.78, P=0.026)。  结论  GSTP1 rs1695/rs4891多态性与ALL儿童HD-MTX化疗后外周血血红蛋白降低以及中高危组ALL儿童发生胃肠毒性有关。      

Common genetic polymorphisms in pre-microRNAs and risk of cervical squamous cell carcinoma

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as gene regulator and they participate in diverse biological pathways. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pre‐microRNAs may change their property through altering miRNAs expression and/or maturation. We conducted a pilot study to test whether SNPs in pre‐microRNAs were associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Genotypes of three SNPs in pre‐miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐196a2 rs11614913 C/T, hsa‐miR‐499 rs3746444 A/G, and hsa‐miR‐146a rs2910164 G/C) in 226 CSCC patients and 309 control subjects were determined with the use of PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. Significantly increased CSCC risks were found to be associated with G allele of rs3746444 and G allele of rs2910164 (P = 0.017, OR = 1.454, and P = 0.016, OR = 1.355, respectively). Increased CSCC risks were associated with them in different genetic model (P = 0.0004, OR = 1.98 for rs3746444 in an overdominant model, and P = 0.024, OR = 2.10 for rs2910164 in a codominant model, respectively). Results of stratified analyses revealed that rs2910164 is associated with tumor differentiation and lymph node status (P = 0.043, OR = 2.08, and a borderline P = 0.057, OR = 0.41, respectively). No association between rs11614913 and CSCC risk was observed. The present study provides evidence that rs3746444 and rs2910164 are associated with CSCC, indicating that common genetic polymorphisms in pre‐microRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of CSCC. Mol. Carcinog. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Association of MicroRNA 196a and 499 Polymorphisms with Development of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Post-HCV Infection in Egyptian Patients

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary tumor of the liver. Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease, HCC and liver-related death in Egypt. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs were reported to increase susceptibility to tumorigenesis; affect prognosis and as promising biomarkers in virus-host interactions. This study was conducted to investigate the role of genetic variants of miR-196a2 (rs 11614913) C>T and miR-499 (rs 3746444) A>G in the development of cirrhosis and HCC in Egyptian HCV infected patients. Genotyping of the candidate SNPs was performed by Real Time PCR in 75 HCV-related HCC patients, 75 cirrhotic patients on top of HCV and 75 healthy controls. There was significant difference in miR-499 (rs3746444) genotypes frequency between the three studied groups as the GG genotype was significantly lower in HCC cases than other groups (P = 0.009) while the combined miR-499 (AA+AG) genotypes were significantly higher in HCC cases than other groups (P = 0.005). Also a significant difference was found in miR-499 genotypes frequency when compared between HCC and cirrhosis groups as the GG genotype was significantly lower in HCC cases than cirrhosis group (P = 0.006) while the combined miR-499 (AA+AG) genotypes were significantly higher in HCC cases than in cirrhosis group (P = 0.003) [OR (95% CI) = 0.131 (0.028-0.601)]. The frequency of the G allele was significantly lower in HCC than other groups (P = 0.024) and significantly lower in HCC than normal group (P = 0.006) [OR (95%CI) = 0.501 (0.304-0.825)]. For miR-196a2 (rs11614913) C>T polymorphisms, no significant association was found with HCC risk. Our study concluded that the G allele of miR-499 is associated with lower risk of HCV related HCC development. No significant association of miR-196a2 (rs 11614913), genotypes or alleles with risk for HCC development, could be detected.     

红细胞补体受体1单核苷酸多态性与肝细胞癌发病风险的研究

目的 探讨红细胞补体受体1（CR1）单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与肝细胞癌（HCC）发病的关系。方法 收集102例HCC患者（HCC组）和98例健康体检者（对照组）的外周血样本,选取CR1的5个标签SNP位点（rs4844600 G＞A、rs17048010 T＞C、rs3818361 C＞T、rs11118167 T＞C和rs9429945 C＞T）进行检测,分析两组的红细胞CR1基因各SNP位点基因型、等位基因及单体型的分布差异及其与HCC患病风险的关系。同时按照性别、年龄相匹配的原则分别从对照组和HCC组中选取52例和53例样本采用流式细胞术检测其红细胞CR1的几何平均荧光强度比值（GMFIR）。结果 两组rs4844600 G＞A基因型和等位基因分布的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。CR1基因rs4844600 G＞A／GG基因型携带者患HCC的风险为非携带者的2.458倍（95％ CI：1.357～4.451）,GA基因型携带者患病风险是非携带者的0.404倍（95％CI：0.218～0.746）,其等位基因G携带者患病风险为非携带者的1.945倍（95％CI：1.183～3.199）。rs17048010 T＞C、rs3818361 C＞T、rs11118167 T＞C、rs9429945 C＞T这4个SNP位点和rs11118167-rs3818361-rs17048010／TCT、TTC、CCT、TTT这4种单体型与HCC的患病风险无关（P＞0.05）。HCC组CR1的GMFIR水平为3.257±1.191,高于HCC组的2.652±0.789,差异有统计学意义（t=2.644,P=0.008）。结论 HCC患者红细胞免疫功能降低,CR1基因SNP位点rs4844600 G＞A与HCC发病关联。     

KRAS Gene Polymorphisms and their Impact on Breast Cancer Risk in an Iranian Population

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the let-7 miRNA binding site within the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of KRAS appear related to the risk of cancer. The present case-control study was conducted with 244 BC patients and 204 healthy women to examine whether KRAS polymorphisms (rs61764370 T/G and rs712 G/T) are associated with breast cancer (BC) risk in an Iranian population. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used for genotyping of KRAS SNPs. Our results showed that the rs61764370 TG genotype (OR= 3.73; 95% CI =1.38-10.08; P=0.007) as well as the G allele OR= 3.56; 95% CI =1.33-9.53; P=0.008, respectively) increased the risk of BC. However, the KRAS rs712 TT vs GG+GT genotype in a recessive model was associated with a reduced risk of BC (OR= 0.56; 95% CI =0.38-0.84; P=0.006). In addition, the rs712 T allele decreased the risk of BC compared with the G allele (OR=0.75, 95%CI=0.58-0.97, P=0.031). However, we found no relationship among KRAS SNPs and clinicopathological characteristics of BC patients (P>0.05). Taken together, the present study provided evidence of relationships between KRAS polymorphisms and BC risk in a southeast Iranian population. Additional studies using larger sample sizes and diverse ethnicities are now warranted.     

Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in miRNA196a-2 and miRNA146a and Susceptibility to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Chinese Population

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world and deeply threatens people’shealth, especially in China. Techniques of early diagnosis, prevention and prediction are still being discovered,among which the approaches based on single nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNA genes (miRNA SNPs) arenewly proposed and show prospective potential. In particular, the association between SNPs in miRNA196a-2(rs11614913) and miRNA146a (rs2910164) and HCC has been investigated. However, the conclusions madewere conflicting, possibly due to insufficient sample size or population stratification. Further confirmations inwell-designed large samples are still required. In this study, we verified the association between these two SNPsand the susceptibility to HCC by MassARRAY assay in a 2,000 large Chinese case-control sample. Significantassociation between rs11614913 and HCC was confirmed. Subjects with the genotype of CT+TT or T allele inrs11614913 were more resistant to HCC (CT+TT: OR (95% CI)=0.73 (0.57-0.92), P=0.01; T allele: OR (95%CI)=0.85 (0.75-0.97), P=0.02) and HBV-related HCC (CT+TT: OR (95% CI)=0.69 (0.53-0.90), P=0.01; T allele:OR (95% CI)=0.82 (0.71-0.95), P=0.01). The affected carriers of CT or TT also tended to have lower levels ofserum AFP (P=0.01). This study demonstrated a role of rs11614913 in the etiology of HCC. Further researchshould focus on the clinical use of this miRNA SNP, so as to facilitate conquering HCC.     

Tag SNPs in long non-coding RNA H19 contribute to susceptibility to gastric cancer in the Chinese Han population

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is involved in tumor development, progression, and metastasis. This case-control study assessed the association between H19 genetic variants and susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC) in a Chinese Han population. We genotyped four lncRNA H19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs217727 C > T, rs2839698 C > T, rs3741216 A > T, rs3741219 T > C) in 500 GC patients and 500 healthy controls. Carriers of variant rs217727T and rs2839698T alleles showed increased GC risk (P = 0.008 and 0.011, respectively). Compared with the common genotype, CT + TT rs217727 and CT + TT rs2839698 genotypes were associated with significantly increased GC risk (P = 0.040, adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.71; P = 0.033, adjusted OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02–1.69, respectively). Further stratified analyses revealed that the association between GC risk and variant genotypes of rs217727 was more profound in younger individuals (≤59 years) and non-smokers, while the association between risk and the rare rs2839698 genotype persisted in men and rural subjects. rs2839698 CT and TT genotypes were also associated with higher serum H19 mRNA levels compared with the CC genotype. These findings suggest that lncRNA H19 SNPs may contribute to susceptibility to GC.     

Genetic polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

The apoptotic pathway is important in the control of vital processes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we aimed to determine whether apoptotic gene-related polymorphisms modified HCC prognosis. We genotyped 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 core genes (TP53, TP53INP1, TP53BP1, CDKN2A, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, MDM2, BAX, CCDN1 and BCL2) in the apoptotic pathway by using DNA from blood samples of 362 HCC patients receiving surgical resection of HCC tumor. The associations between genotypes/haplotypes of the 10 genes and overall survival (OS) of HCC patients were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. We found one CDKN1B haplotype CCT/ACT (constructed by rs36228499 C>A, rs34330 C>T and rs2066827 T>G) significantly associated with decreased OS of HCC patients, compared to the common haplotype ACT/CTT both in univariate analysis (P=0.013, HR=1.198, 95% CI: 1.039-1.381) and multivariate analysis (P=0.006, HR=1.224, 95% CI: 1.059-1.413). We also find two SNPs (rs560191 G>C and rs2602141 T>G) in TP53BP1 shown to be marginally significantly associated with decreased OS of HCC patients. However, none of the other SNPs or haplotypes were significantly associated with HCC OS. Our results illustrated the potential use of CDKN1B haplotype as a prognostic marker for HCC patients with surgical resection of tumor.     

Common Genetic Variants of PSCA,MUC1 and PLCE1 Genes are not Associated with Colorectal Cancer

Background: Polymorphisms of genes encoding PSCA, PLCE1 and MUC1 have been associated with the riskof different cancers in genome wide association studies (GWAS). Up to date there are limited data on the role ofthese genetic alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The aim of this study was to evaluate potentialassociations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding PSCA, PLCE1 and MUC1 andthe presence of CRC in European populations. Materials and Methods: Gene polymorphisms were analyzed in574 European subjects (controls: n=382; CRC: n=192). PSCA C>T (rs2294008), PSCA G>A (rs2976392), MUC1A>G (rs4072037) and PLCE1 A>G (rs2274223) SNPs were genotyped by RT-PCR. Results: The distribution ofgenotypes for all four SNPs was in line with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (rs2294008, P=0.153; rs2976392,P=0.269; rs4072037, P=0.609; rs2274223, P=0.858). The distribution of genotypes and alleles of PSCA C>T,PSCA G>A, MUC1 A>G and PLCE1 A>G SNPs was similar among controls and CRC patient groups (P>0.05).GG genotype of MUC1 SNP was more frequent in CRC patients (24.0%) than in controls (20.2%); however, thisassociation failed to reach significance (OR-1.45, P=0.15). Overall, in the present study SNPs of PSCA (rs2294008,rs2976392), MUC1 (rs4072037) and PLCE1 (rs2274223) genes were not associated with the presence of CRC.Conclusions: Gene polymorphisms of PSCA, PLCE1 and MUC1 genes are not associated with the presence ofCRC in European subjects.     

Functional SNPs in Human C20orf54 Gene Influence Susceptibility to Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objectives: C20orf54, also known as a human riboflavin transporter 2 (RFT2), encodes an open reading frame protein RFT2 newly identified to play an important role in esophageal carcinogenesis by modulating riboflavin uptake. Missense cSNPs on exon 3,1172 C>A (T391M) and 1246A>G (I416V) have been suggested to modulate protein expression. The aim of present study was to explore the association of C20orf54 functional SNPs with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a northern Chinese population. Methods: 240 patients with ESCC and 198 healthy individuals without overt cancer were chosen as our experimental subjects. Information about family address, sex, age, BMI, smoking and drinking habits and family history of cancer were collected. Blood samples were taken from all subjects and tumor tissues were freshly sampled from resected specimens. After DNA was extracted and amplified, the C20orf54 SNPs were sequenced by ABI 3730XL in BGI China. Freqencies were then calculated and associated with the collected suspicous risk factors. Results: Drinking status, a family history of ESCC, blood type and BMI were found to have great influence on the risk of developing ESCC. Overall genotype frequencies of the RFT2 SNP 1172 C>A (rs3746803) and 1246A>G (rs3746802) in ESCC patients are significantly different from that in healthy controls (x2=13.10, P=0.001 and x2=7.97, P=0.019, respectively). For RFT2 rs3746803, C/T+T/T genotype did not show a relationship with the risk of ESCC (the age and gender adjusted OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.41-1.05) when using C/C genotype as the reference. For RFT2 rs3746802, the A/G +G/G genotype demonstrated a significantly decreased risk to the development of ESCC (the age and sex adjusted OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.34-0.84) with A/A as the reference. Conclusions: The present study suggests that the C20orf54 functional SNPs might be associated with a risk of ESCC development.     

Fas／FasL基因多态性与肝细胞癌易感性的关系

目的 探讨凋亡相关基因Fas及其配体FasL单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）与肝细胞癌（HCC）易感性的关系。方法 收集本院2013年1月至2016年12月经病理确诊的126例HCC患者的外周血标本,在Sequenom MassARRAY系统上利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法（MALDI-TOFMS）进行Fas多态性位点 rs1571013、rs1800682及rs1468063和FasL多态性位点rs6700734、rs763110的基因分型,选取130例健康体检者的外周血作对比,采用Hardy-Weinberg平衡分析以上5个SNPs位点的遗传平衡情况,比较HCC患者与健康对照rs1571013、rs1800682、rs1468063、rs6700734和rs763110基因型和等位基因的分布差异并计算比值比（OR）及其95%置信区间（95%CI）来评价以上SNPs与HCC易感性的关系。结果126例HCC患者及130例健康体检者的Fas多态性位点 rs1571013、rs1800682及rs1468063和FasL多态性位点rs6700734及rs763110基因型的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。HCC组与对照组rs1468063、rs6700734和rs763110基因型分布的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,且与HCC易感性无关;rs1571013分布上,HCC组A／A基因型及等位基因A的比例均高于对照组（P<0.05）,其中以G／G基因型为参照,A／A基因型发生HCC的风险升高至2.492倍（P<0.05）,而A／G、A／G+A／A发生HCC的风险未改变（P＞0.05）,以G等位基因为参照,A发HCC的风险升高至1.549倍（P<0.05）。rs1800682分布上,HCC组G／G基因型及等位基因G的比例均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,以A／A基因型为参照,G／G基因型发生HCC的风险升高至2.880倍（P<0.05）,而A／G、A／G+G／G发生HCC的风险未改变（P＞0.05）;以A等位基因为参照,G发生HCC的风险升高至1.651倍（P<0.05）。 结论 Fas rs1571013、rs1800682与HCC易感性有关,其中携带突变等位基因的HCC发生风险升高,在HCC易感人群筛查中有一定价值。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">AXIN2</Emphasis> polymorphism and its association with prostate cancer in a Turkish population

Polymorphism of AXIN2, a component of Wnt signaling, has been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis and dysregulated in cancer cells. In order to find out if AXIN2 polymorphism is a risk factor for prostate cancer, we analyzed eight polymorphic regions of this gene in 84 patients with prostate cancer and compared the results with 100 healthy controls in a Turkish population using PCR–RFLP methods. The genotype frequencies and risk factors of prostate cancer and control groups were analyzed by Chi-square test. We found a statistically significant result between prostate cancer risk and AXIN2 Intron2-956 + 16A/G (rs35285779) SNP. The frequency of the homozygous G/G (0%) and heterozygous A/G (18%) genotypes was significantly less in patients with prostate cancer than in healthy controls (7 and 32%, respectively) (P < 0.05) for this SNP. When compared with the wild-type A/A genotype of the controls, prostate cancer patients with the A/G and G/G genotype showed reduced risk of cancer; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for patients with the homozygous G/G genotype was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81–0.95) and for heterozygous A/G genotype was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.20–0.85). We found no statistically significant association between controls and prostate cancer for other seven SNPs of AXIN2 including Exon1-148 C/T (rs2240308), Exon1-432 T/C (rs2240308), Exon5-1365 G/A (rs9915936), Exon5-1386 C/T (rs1133683), Intron5-1712 + 19 T/G, Exon7-2062 C/T, and Intron7-2141 + 73 G/A (rs4072245) (P > 0.05). These results suggest that the AXIN2 Intron2 rs35285779 SNP is associated with development of prostate cancer as a protective SNP, while an association between other seven SNPs of the AXIN2 and risk of prostate cancer was not observed.     

Association of PINX1 but not TEP1 Polymorphisms with Progression to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Thai Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is major health problem with high mortality rates, especially in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Telomerase function is one of common mechanisms affecting genome stability and cancer development. Recent studies demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms of telomerase associated genes such as telomerase associated protein 1 (TEP1) rs1713449 and PIN2/TERF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1) rs1469557 may be associated with risk of HCC and other cancers. In this study, 325 patients with HCC and 539 non-HCC groups [193 healthy controls, 80 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and 266 patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis (CH)] were enrolled to explore genetic polymorphisms of both SNPs using the allelic discrimination method based on MGB probe TaqMan real time PCR. We demonstrated that all genotypes of both genes were in Hardy-Wienberg equilibrium (>0.05). Moreover, there was no significant association between rs1713449 genotypes and HCC risk, HCC progression and overall survival (>0.05). Interestingly, we observed positive association of rs1469557 with risk of HCC when compared with the LC group under dominant (CC versus CTTT, OR=1.89, 95% CI= 1.06-3.40, P=0.031) and allelic (C versus T alleles, OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.04-2.94, P=0.033) models, respectively. Moreover, overall survival of HCC patients with CC genotype of rs1469557 was significantly higher than non-CC genotype (Log-rank P=0.015). These findings suggest that PINX1 rs1469557 but not TEP1 rs1469557 might play a role in HCC progression in Thai patients with LC and be used as the prognosis marker to predict overall survival in HCC patients.     

IL12 polymorphisms,HBV infection and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a high‐risk Chinese population

To investigate the association between the potentially functional polymorphisms in IL12A and IL12B, HBV infection and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population, we genotyped three polymorphisms, rs568408 (3′UTR G>A), rs2243115 (5′UTR T>G) in IL12A and rs3212227 (3′UTR A>C) in IL12B in a case–control study of 869 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and 891 cancer‐free controls. We found that the IL12A rs568408 GA/AA variant genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–2.00), compared with the wild‐type GG homozygote. In the stratified analyses, the increased risk of HCC associated with rs568408 GA/AA was more evident in patients who were negative for HBsAg (adjusted OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.23–2.39). However, no significant associations between IL12A rs2243115 T/G, IL12B rs3212227 A/C and risk of HCC were observed. Our findings indicate that IL12A rs568408 may contribute to the risk of HCC and modify HCC risk associated with HBV infection.     

IFN-γ基因多态性与HBV感染及原发性肝细胞癌易感性的研究

目的探讨细胞因子IFN-γ基因-1615C/T和+5171A/G位点单核苷酸多态性在广西人群中的分布及其对原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)发生、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的影响。方法设计以医院为基础的病例对照研究,对375名HCC患者、377名HBV携带者和406健康对照进行频数匹配,采用TaqMan MGB实时荧光定量PCR技术对上述位点进行分型。应用Logistic回归模型分析基因型在三组中的分布差异及基因环境交互作用,并进行连锁不平衡和单倍型分析。结果-1615C/T和+5171A/G位点的基因多态性在三组中分布差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,吸烟、饮酒和肝癌相关家族史与基因存在交互作用;饮酒联合-1615C/T位点突变型基因T能增加HBV感染风险(OR=1.72,95%CI:1.11~3.26);两个位点的突变型基因T和G联合肝癌相关家族史能增加HCC患病风险（OR:29.24、52.03,95%CI:6.91~123.6、7.02~385.4）。IFN-γ的-1615C/T和+5171A/G位点存在连锁不平衡(D′=0.976,P=2.22^-16),但单倍型分布在HCC组与总对照组（HBV携带者对照和健康对照）间无统计学差异。 结论IFN-γ的-1615C/T和+5171A/G位点的突变型基因可能不是广西人患HCC和感染HBV的直接危险因素,但环境危险因素对HCC发生和HBV感染有协同作用。     

Functional intronic ERCC1 polymorphism from regulomeDB can predict survival in lung cancer after surgery

We searched for potential regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) using RegulomeDB, a database integrating information from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, and investigated their association with survival after surgery in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among 364 SNPs found within ERCC1 region using RegulomeDB, four top priority SNPs (rs2298881C>A, rs1049739A>G, rs10415949A>G and rs6509214G>T) were selected for this study. The four SNPs were investigated in 316 patients. A replication study was performed (n = 579). Of the four SNPs analyzed in the discovery set, rs2298881C>A and rs6509214G>T were significantly associated with survival outcomes. The association was consistently observed only for rs2298881C>A in the validation cohort. In combined analysis, rs2298881C>A was significantly associated with worse overall survival and disease-free survival (P = 0.0002 and 0.02, respectively). A decreased reporter gene expression for rs2298881 A allele was observed compared with C allele by luciferase assay (P = 0.02). ERCC1 rs2298881C>A, an intronic SNP, is the first genetic polymorphism with functional evidence of regulating its expression, and the SNP is associated with prognosis of NSCLC. Our result supports the role of RegulomeDB as a comprehensive source of prioritized candidate SNPs for genetic association studies.