《放射工作人员职业健康监护技术规范》编制说明

目的 制定国家职业卫生标准《放射工作人员职业健康监护技术规范》。方法 广泛调研和分析国际国内相关技术资料,结合我国的实际情况和相关经验教训,充分考虑与我国现行职业健康监护制度其他标准的衔接和配套,多单位协作起草并广泛征求相关各方意见。结果 本标准规定了放射工作人员职业健康监护的基本原则和技术要求,适用于接受电离辐射职业照射的放射工作人员的职业健康监护,已通过审查报卫生部批准、发布。结论 本文有助于相应标准的正确理解和有效实施。     

Strategies for screening for colorectal carcinoma

Four tests commonly used in screening strategies to detect colorectal cancer were examined from a cost-effectiveness perspective. Thirteen combinations of the tests were evaluated. Evaluating a positive fecal occult blood test with a double-contrast barium enema study, followed, if necessary, by colonoscopy, is the most cost-effective strategy for individuals at average risk. An alternative screening strategy for higher-risk individuals or for populations in which the frequency of adenomatous polyps is higher is to follow a positive fecal occult blood test directly with colonoscopy. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the superior cost-effectiveness of these two strategies compared with the other 11 modeled strategies is almost independent for reasonable alterations in test cost and for the sensitivities and specificities of the procedures. The major contributing factor to the diagnostic cost is the frequency of adenomatous polyps. The major contributing factor to the marginal cost per year of extended life is the frequency of cancer.