糖尿病合并冠心病患者PCI介入治疗的临床研究

目的分析PIC介入手术对于糖尿病合并冠心病疾病的治疗效果,进一步的完善PIC介入手术治疗方式,给予糖尿病合并冠心病患者更好的手术治疗。方法该研究选取了2014年1月20日—2015年10月26日期间于该院就诊的冠心病患者30例进行分析,其中合并糖尿病患者有15例,对糖尿病合并冠心病患者实施PIC介入手术,并将其作为治疗组;对另外15例单纯患有冠心病的患者同样实施PIC介入手术,并设置为对照组,观察两组患者手术后的疗效与恢复状况。结果治疗组术后出现了弥散性与C型//多支病变,单纯冠心病患者的出现的病变类型则为B型病变与单支病变,[1]同时,对两组患者支架后扩张、直接支架植入、支架重叠、平均病变长度、术前参考直径、平均手术时间以及无复流进行了对比分析,其差异(P0.05)符合统计学原理。结论采用PIC介入手术对糖尿病合并冠心病患者进行治疗存在难度大、病变范围大以及并发症多等问题,因此,采用此法进行治疗必须要严密监控患者各项生病指标变化,对基础性病变和并发症进行科学的预防和治疗,但是在糖尿病合并冠心病疾病的治疗方式中,PIC介入手术与其它方式在疗效上并无太大差异,可以进行推广。[2]     

The effects of simvastatin on the incidence of heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease

Background: Although treatment of myocardial overload effectively reduces death from progression of heart failure, it is not known whether the retardation of progressive coronary artery disease obtained with lipid lowering treatment will prevent the onset and consequences of heart failure in patients without previous symptoms of heart failure.Methods and Results: In the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, 4444 patients with coronary heart disease without evidence of heart failure were randomized to placebo (n = 2223) or simvastatin 20–40 mg (n = 2221) and followed for more than 5 years. Among the patients who received placebo, 228 (10.3%) were diagnosed with heart failure during follow-up evaluation compared with 184 (8.3%) of patients who received simvastatin (P < .015). Mortality was 31.9% in the placebo group and 25.5% in the simvastatin group among patients who developed heart failure. These compare with 9.2 and 6.6%, respectively, among non-heart failure patients. There were 45 hospitalizations because of acute heart failure in the placebo group and 23 in the simvastatin group (NS). Patients who developed heart failure were more likely to have suffered a recurrent myocardial infarction and have a history of diabetes, peripheral artery disease, and hypertension than patients who did not develop congestive heart failure.Conclusion: Long-term prevention with simvastatin reduces the occurrence of heart failure in a cohort of patients with coronary heart disease without previous evidence of congestive heart failure.     

OX40配体蛋白基因多态性与冠心病的相关性研究

目的研究中国人群OX40配体蛋白基因（TNFSF4）单核苷酸多态性与冠心病的关系。方法从北京同仁医院和北京朝阳医院选取冠心病患者369例和匹配的对照组360例。并记录所有研究对象的病史、体格检查等临床资料及其它流行病学资料，采取聚合酶链式反应和限制性酶切片断长度多态性分析方法（PCR—RFLP）检测各组TNFSF4基因rs3850641位点A／G的基因型并统计各组的基因型频率。结果冠心病组rs3850641G等位基因型频率显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。并在校正了年龄、性别、高血压病史、糖尿病史、甘油三脂和胆固醇等传统危险因素的影响后，这种相关性依然存在（P=0．039）。结论TNFSF4基因rs3850641位点A／G多态性中G等位基因可能是中国人冠心病发病的独立危险因素之～。     

蛋白酶体α6亚单位基因多态性与冠心病的相关性研究

目的研究中国人群蛋白酶体d6亚单位基因PSMA6单核苷酸多态性与冠心病的关系。方法从北京同仁医院和北京朝阳医院选取冠心病患者369例和匹配的对照组360例。并记录所有研究对象的病史、体格检查等临床资料及其它流行病学资料，采取聚合酶链式反应和限制性酶切片断长度多态性分析方法（PCR-RCLP）检测各组PSMA6基因rs1048990位点C／G的基因型并统计各组的基因型频率。结果冠心病组rsl048990G等位基因型频率显著低于对照组（48．0％VS57．8％，P=0．011，OR值=0．674）。将冠心病组进行疾病分层后发现，冠心病亚组与对照组之间的基因型频率分布差异也有统计学意义（42．4％VS57．8％，P=0．001，OR值=0．669），而在心肌梗死亚组中未发现差异有统计学意义。结论PSMA6基因rs1048990位点C／G多态性与冠心病的发病密切相关，其中G等位基因可能是中国人冠心病的保护因素之一。     

不同剂量辛伐他汀对冠心病患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的探讨不同剂量辛伐他汀对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)的影响。方法冠心病患者80例,随机分为4组:对照组,辛伐他汀5、10、20mg组,每组20例,治疗8周。超声法检测血流介导的FMD,同时观察血脂水平的变化。结果辛伐他汀治疗8周后,5、10、20mg组患者血总胆固醇(TC)分别降低9%、18%、29%;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)分别降低12%、24%、35%(不同剂量组间比较P<0.05)。对照组血脂水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。辛伐他汀治疗前后5、10、20mg组患者FMD分别为(3.41±2.99)%对比(7.46±5.11)%、(3.76±3.01)%对比(7.98±4.92)%、(3.59±3.47)%对比(8.09±6.10)%(P<0.01)。FMD治疗前后的变化值三组之间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),且FMD的改善与血TC、LDL-C水平的降低不相关。对照组FMD虽有轻度增加,但无统计学意义。辛伐他汀治疗后患者肱动脉内径、肱动脉对硝酸甘油的反应均无显著改变。结论辛伐他汀可显著改善冠心病患者血管内皮功能,但该作用无明显的量效关系,可能独立于调脂作用之外。     

辛伐他汀对冠心病患者纤溶参数的影响

目的了解冠心病患者纤溶参数的变化,并观察辛伐他汀对冠心病患者纤溶参数的影响。方法测定87例正常对照者和108例冠心病患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)活性和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-(1PAI-1)活性,随后108例冠心病患者被随机分成常规治疗组和常规治疗+辛伐他汀40mg每日一次(辛伐他汀组)。治疗14d后复测t-PA活性和PAI-1活性。结果与正常对照组相比较,冠心病患者纤溶参数异常,t-PA活性下降,PAI-1活性上升(P<0.01)。常规治疗组治疗后纤溶参数无显著变化(P>0.05)。辛伐他汀组纤溶参数明显改善,表现为t-PA活性上升,PAI-1活性下降(P<0.01)。结论冠心病患者纤溶参数明显异常,辛伐他汀能改善冠心病患者纤溶参数。     

冠心病患者综合康复疗效观察

目的：观察综合康复治疗对冠心病患者的临床疗效。方法：60例冠心病患者随机分为康复组（30例）和对照组（30例）,康复组在常规药物治疗的基础上,采用生活指导,运动锻炼等综合康复治疗;对照组采用常规药物治疗,自然生活。6周以后,记录心脏事件发生率,观察体重指数、血脂、血压的变化。结果：6周后,康复组的心脏事件发生率明显低于对照组（16．7％;50．0％,P〈0．01）,两组体重指数,血脂,血压均有一定改善,但康复组优于对照组（P〈0．05-〈0．01）。结论：综合康复治疗可降低心脏事件的发生率,改善患者的体重指数,血脂及血压。     

社区医院冠心病患者心理评估与干预的临床意义研究

目的了解社区医院冠心病患者的心理状况,初步探讨抑郁／焦虑产生的环境因素,评价心理评估／社区干预对伴有抑郁／焦虑的冠心病患者的临床意义。方法用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和自制的调查表对社区门诊陈旧性心肌梗死患者及心绞痛患者60例心理干预前后进行调查,并与60名健康居民进行配比对照分析。结果心理干预前患者有明显的焦虑／抑郁情绪,心理干预后患者的焦虑抑郁情绪明显改善。结论社区冠心病患者心理问题常见而且严重,对其加以心理干预措施可以缓解患者的症状,提高生活质量,利于疾病康复。     

Evaluation of hemorheological risk factor profile in plasmacytoma patients

The hemorheological parameters, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, erythrocyte aggregation and deformability of blood samples obtained from plasmacytoma patients are measured by capillary viscometer, microcentrifuge, Myrenne aggregometer, and filtrometer, respectively. These parameters are significantly altered in patients compared to those of normal subjects. The plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation are increased, whereas erythrocyte deformability and hematocrit are decreased. Based on these parameters the hemorheological risk factor profiles are developed and by their overall risk factors, the patients with low and high risk factors are identified.     

Effects of health advocacy, counseling, and activation among older coronary heart disease (CHD) patients

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is common and the majority of CHD patients are 65 years or older. There exist only a few randomized, controlled intervention studies on secondary prevention of CHD among elderly CHD patients. Our study assessed the effects of health advocacy, counseling, and activation programs with outcome variables of changes in the use of fats, lipid-lowering medications, frequency of exercise, cigarette smoking, serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, blood pressure, and symptoms of late-life CHD among CHD patients of the Lieto Study. METHODS: Randomized, controlled intervention study. Late-life (> or = 65 yrs) CHD patients were randomized into intervention group (IG) (n = 118) and control group (CG) (n = 109). Intervention consisted of 16 lectures by experts, eight group discussions, six group exercise sessions, and three social activity events. RESULTS: The use of lipid-lowering medications became more common in IG than in CG among men (p = 0.041), with a similar tendency among women. Among women, decreases in the means of total serum cholesterol (p = 0.009) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.049) were greater in IG than in CG. CONCLUSIONS: The program produced no positive effects on health behavior. Positive effects were gained by the increase in lipid-lowering medications, which reduced mean total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. More intensive counseling on health behavior should be planned, implemented, and evaluated.     

辛伐他汀对冠心病患者血管内皮功能作用的量效关系

目的探讨不同剂量(5mg,10mg,20mg)的辛伐他汀对冠心病患者血管内皮功能的作用及其量效关系。方法共入选80例冠心病患者,随机分为4组:对照组(不服用辛伐他汀),辛伐他汀5 mg组、辛伐他汀10 mg组、辛伐他汀20 mg组、每组20例,治疗8周。采用超声法检测血流介导的肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD),同时观察血脂水平的变化。结果辛伐他汀治疗8周后,5 mg、10 mg、20 mg呈剂量依赖性显著降低血总胆固醇(分别降低9%,18%,29%)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(分别降低12%、24%、35%),不同剂量组间P<0.05。对照组治疗8周后血脂水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。5 mg、10 mg、20 mg的辛伐他汀均可显著改善FMD[5mg:(3.41±2.99)%VS(7.46±5.11)%;10mg:(3.76±3.01)%比(7.98±4.92)%;20mg:(3.59±3.47)%比(8.09±6.10)%;P均<0.01]。但三组之间FMD的变化值比较无显著差异(P>0.05),且FMD的改善与血TC、LDL-C水平的降低不相关。对照组FMD虽有轻度增加,但无统计学意义。辛伐他汀治疗后肱动脉内径、肱动脉对硝酸甘油的反应均无显著改变。结论辛伐他汀5 mg、10 mg、20 mg治疗8周后,可显著改善冠心病患者血管内皮功能,但该作用无明显的量效关系,可能独立于调脂作用之外。     

左旋卡尼汀对冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的　观察左旋卡尼汀治疗冠心病心力衰竭的长期临床疗效。　方法　选择冠心病并慢性心力衰竭患者 6 2例 ,随机分为两组 ,对照组 30例予洋地黄、利尿剂、血管扩张剂、ACEI或 β受体阻滞剂等常规药物 ;卡尼汀组 32例 ,在常规治疗的基础上加用国产卡尼汀 3g d治疗 1年。　结果　卡尼汀组心功能改善的临床显效率(75 % )和总有效率 (87 5 % )均较对照组 (5 3%和 6 0 % )显著提高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,总胆固醇、甘油三酯分别降低 18%和15 % ,高密度脂蛋白升高 14 % (P <0 0 1) ,E A、射血分数、左室短轴缩短率分别增加 2 1%、14 %、11% ,左室内径减小 10 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,且无不良反应。　结论　卡尼汀辅助治疗冠心病并慢性心力衰竭有较好疗效。     

氯吡格雷对PCI患者血小板功能状态及血流变的影响

目的：比较不同剂量氯吡格雷对冠心病介入治疗患者血小板功能状态及血液流变学的影响.方法：选择2010年10月～2013年12月于本院进行介入治疗的70例冠心病患者为研究对象,均采用氯吡格雷治疗,随机分为常规剂量组（35例）和大剂量组（35例,负荷量600mg,维持量150mg/d）,比较两组介入治疗后6h、12h及24h的血小板功能状态及血液流变学指标状况.结果：与常规剂量组比较,大剂量组介入治疗后6h、12h及24h的血液流变学指标[6h：全血低切黏度（11.13±1.53） mPa·s比（8.89±1.33） mPa·s,血浆黏度（1.75±0.16） mPa·s比（1.41±0.14） mPa·s,全血还原低切黏度（24.83±2.18） mPa·s比（21.87±1.99） mPa·s],血小板活化指标-糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa[6h：（15.98±1.53）％比（13.85±1.38）％],血小板其他功能指标：P选择素[6h：（17.38±1.33） μg/L比（14.76±1.23） μg/L]、血小板聚集率[6h：（41.57±4.68）％比（35.24±3.76）％]均明显降低（P均＜0.05）.结论：大剂量氯吡格雷对冠心病介入治疗患者血流变及血小板功能状态的影响更大.     

Relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in an aged group

Our study aimed at investigating the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in aged patients, including 125 patients (age> or =60 years). Of them 78 cases belonged to the CHD group, which were subdivided into the CHD-MS group (38 cases) and the simple CHD group (40 cases); the other 47 patients without CHD belonged to the non-CHD group, which were subdivided again into the MS group (11 cases) and the control group (36 cases). Body mass index (BMI), blood lipids, blood uric acid, plasma fibrinogen, blood glucose and blood pressure of every patient were detected. The anatomy of coronary vessels was analyzed by selective coronary angiography to evaluate the relationship between MS and CHD. We found that the prevalence of MS in CHD group was significantly higher as compared to the groups not suffering from CHD (p<0.01). The CHD-MS group showed a higher prevalence of multivessel disease (p<0.05), unstable lesions (p<0.05) and needed more revascularization procedures (p<0.05) than the simple CHD group. The prevalence of CHD and the number of blocked coronary vessels were directly correlated with MS by Spearman correlation analysis (r=0.225, p<0.05; r=0.361, p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that both the risk of having future CHD and the number of blocked coronary vessels were directly correlated with MS (p<0.01; p<0.01), suggesting that MS can predict the prevalence and extent of future CHD in the elderly.     

血管生成素相关蛋白基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的:研究中国人群血管生成素相关蛋白(ANGPTL3)基因单核苷酸多态性与冠心病的关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应和限制性酶切的片段长度多态分析方法检测冠心病患者389例,健康人503例的AN-GPTL3基因 90782C/G多态性并统计各组的多态性频率。结果:冠心病亚组与对照组、冠心病心肌梗死组与对照组之间的基因型频率分布差异有统计学意义,C等位基因频率在冠心病组、冠心病心肌梗死亚组和对照组分别为49.6%、51.5%和41.6%(P<0.05)。结论:ANGPTL3基因rs1168013位点C/G多态性与中国人冠心病心肌梗死发病相关,ANGPTL3可能是冠心病发病的易感基因。     

冠心病一级预防的护理干预及效果评价

目的:观察并总结冠心病一级预防的护理干预效果。方法:将患有高血压、糖尿病、血脂代谢异常等冠心病高危因素的200例患者,随机分为2组,观察组100例,进行冠心病的一级预防的护理干预;对照组100例,按常规方法干预,两组均长期(5年)随访,观察效果。结果:与对照组相比,观察组中冠心病的高危因素被有效控制,冠心病的发病率明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:冠心病一级预防的护理干预是必要的。     

The effect of simvastatin on progression of coronary artery disease: The Multicenter Coronary Intervention Study (CIS)

BACKGROUND: In several angiographic trials, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitorshave shown a beneficial effect on the progression of coronaryartery disease. Using 20 mg simvastatin day^–1, a treatmentperiod of up to 4 years was necessary to show a significantreduction in coronary artery disease progression. The questionremains however, whether higher dosages of simvastatin wouldbe more advantageous in respect to the magnitude of the effectand the required time interval to demonstrate treatment efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the Coronary Intervention Study (CIS), a multicentre randomizeddouble-blind placebo-controlled study, the effects of lipid-loweringtherapy with simvastatin on progression of coronary artery diseasein 254 men with documented coronary artery disease and hypercholesterolaemiawere investigated. Following a period of lipid-lowering diet,treatment with 40 mg simvastatin or placebo was maintained foran average of 2·3 years. Two primary angiographic endpointswere chosen: the global change score (visual evaluation accordingto the method of Blankenhorn) and the per patient mean changeof minimum lumen diameter (evaluated by the CAAS I system). The mean simvastatin dose was 34·5 mg day^–1. Inthe placebo group, the serum lipids remained unchanged; in comparisonto the placebo group the simvastatin group showed a 35% LDL-cholesteroldecrease. Coronary angiography was repeated in 205 patients(81%) and 203 film pairs (80%) were evaluable by quantitativecoronary angiography. In the simvastatin and placebo groups,the mean global change scores were +0·20 and +0·58respectively, demonstrating a significantly slower progressionof coronary artery disease in the treatment group (P=0·02).The change in minimum lumen diameter assessed by computer-assistedquantitative evaluation with the CAAS I system was –0·02mm in the simvastatin group and –0·10 mm in theplacebo group (P=0·002). In the simvastatin group, therewas a significant correlation between the LDL cholesterol levelsachieved therapeutically and the per patient mean loss of minimumlumen diameter (r=0·29; P=0·003). During the studyperiod, there was no significant difference in the incidenceof serious cardiac events (15 of 129 patients in the simvastatingroup and 19 of 125 patients in the placebo group, ns). CONCLUSION: Treatment with 40 mg simvastatin day^–1 reduces serum cholesteroland slows the progression of coronary artery disease significantlywithin a short period of treatment time. In the treatment group,retardation of progression is inversely correlated to the LDL-cholesterollevels achieved.     

脂蛋白脂酶基因多态性与冠心病关系的初探

目的探讨脂蛋白脂酶（ＬＰＬ）基因多态性与冠心病的关系。方法选择１０６例住院存活的心肌梗塞病人按１∶１进行病例对照研究，采用条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果吸烟、ＬＰＬ基因型ＰＶＵⅡ（－－）和单倍体基因型Ｈ＋Ｐ－是冠心病独立的危险因素；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）和载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ａ／Ｂ比值是冠心病的保护因素。去除其它因素的影响后，ＬＰＬＰＶＵⅡ（－－）／非（－－）和Ｈ＋Ｐ－／非Ｈ＋Ｐ－的ＯＲ值为１７．１８和３．６７；ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡ／Ｂ比值的ＯＲ值在模型Ａ和Ｂ中分别为０．１４、０．１５和０．０４、０．０９。结论除传统的危险因素外，ＬＰＬ基因型ＰＶＵⅡ（－－）和单倍体Ｈ＋Ｐ－可能是易患冠心病的遗传标志；ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡ／Ｂ比值可能是较其它血脂指标更好的冠心病独立预测因素     

辛伐他汀对冠心病患者血管内皮细胞功能障碍的治疗作用（英文）

目的：研究辛伐他汀对冠心病患者血管内皮细胞功能障碍的干预作用。方法：90例冠心病患者按LDL-C水平分为三组：辛伐他汀20mg组（37例,LDL-C≥2.5mmol/L）,辛伐他汀10mg组（35例,2.5mmol/L〉LDL-C≥1.8mmol/L）,常规治疗组（18例,LDL-C〈1.8mmol/L,未服辛伐他汀）,疗程均为8周。应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量受试者肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能（FMD）。应用硝酸还原酶法检测受试者一氧化氮（NO）的含量。常规检测血清TC、TG、LDL-C及HDL-C的浓度。结果：8周后,与治疗前比较,辛伐他汀20mg,10mg组TC、TG和LDL-C浓度明显下降（P均〈0.05）,而HDL-C明显升高（P均〈0.05）;辛伐他汀20mg组与10mg组间各指标差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;与常规治疗组比较,辛伐他汀20mg、10 mg组FMD[（6.01±0.49）%比（9.01±0.39）%比（9.01±0.47）%]明显改善（P均〈0.01）、血清NO含量[（38.97±8.89）μmol/L比（47.67±10.89）μmol/L比（45.61±9.09）μmol/L]明显升高（P均〈0.05）,辛伐他汀20mg、10 mg组两组间NO和FMD亦无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：辛伐他汀可增加冠心病患者一氧化氮含量,改善血管内皮细胞功能,其作用机制与降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白可能有一定关系,但该作用无明显的量效关系,可能独立于降脂作用之外。