尿视黄醇结合蛋白在诊断早期糖尿病肾病中的评价

目的：探讨尿视黄醇结合蛋白（ＲＢＰ）在糖尿病肾病中的诊断价值。方法：非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者５０例，正常对照组２５例。分别检测尿ＲＢＰ、Ａｌｂ、ＴＲＦ、β２－ｍ、ＮＡＧ和Ｃｒ。结果：ＮＩＤＤＭ组尿ＲＢＰ／Ｃｒ较对照组显著增高，尿ＲＢＰ／Ｃｒ与尿Ａｌｂ／Ｃｒ、ＴＲＦ／Ｃｒ、β２－ｍ／Ｃｒ、ＮＡＧ／Ｃｒ均呈显著性正相关。当尿Ａｌｂ／Ｃｒ在正常范围时，尿ＲＢＰ／Ｃｒ显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：尿ＲＢＰ／Ｃｒ可反映糖尿病早期肾小管损害，可作为诊断早期糖尿病肾病的敏感指标。     

尿视黄醇结合蛋白测定在汽油作业肾损害研究中的应用

目的 探讨尿视黄醇结合蛋白测定在汽油作业肾损害研究中的应用。方法 选择１６０名职业接触者和８０各非职业接触者进行尿视黄醇结合蛋白（ＲＢＰ）、尿β－Ｎ－乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）、尿β２－微球蛋白（β２－ＭＧ）的测定。结果 检测结果显示职业接触组的ＲＢＰ、ＮＡＧ和β２－ＭＧ值均显著高于非职业接触组。异常率分析结果显示ＲＢＰ异常率略低于ＮＡＧ,但明显高于β２－ＭＧ。结论 ＲＢＰ可优先β２－ＭＧ作为慢     

视黄醇结合蛋白的临床应用

对视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)的临床应用进行了综述。RBP为血液中转运视黄醇的蛋白,半衰期短,体内含量较少,能较为灵敏地反映机体营养状况。RBP含量改变也能早期反映各种肾脏疾患及肝功能损害程度。     

酶联免疫双抗体法测定血清中视黄醇结合蛋白

本文报告了一种酶联免疫测定人血清视黄醇结合蛋白（ＲＢＰ）含量的方法。以辣根过氧化物酶标记人ＲＢＰ抗血清ＩｇＧ，建立的酶联免疫双抗体法具有较好的灵敏度和稳定性，变异系数在１６％以下，血清样品的测定只需几微升。应用该方法测定了６０例健康成人血清ＲＢＰ含量为４４．９０±１４．００μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｍ±ＳＤ）。测定９例烧伤病人、１８例胆结石和胃病手术患者血清ＲＢＰ水平，均明显低于健康成人的水平。     

测定尿视黄醇结合蛋白对Ⅱ型糖尿病肾损害早期诊断的临床意义

肾损害是糖尿病较严重的并发症,近来的研究表明糖尿病肾损害出现较早,且常见。但由于肾脏的代偿能力较强,传统的由血标本检测肾损害不甚敏感,出现阳性时往往已近晚期,不可逆转。为了寻求早期诊断糖尿病肾损伤的指标,本文特对８６例１１型糖尿病人（ＮＩＤＤＭ）的尿液进行了视黄醇结合蛋白（ｒｅｔｉｎｏｌ－ｂｉｎｄｉｎｇ 　ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＲＢＰ）、ＡＩＢ、Ｃｒ检测,并探讨尿ＲＢＰ在诊断糖尿病早期肾损害的临床意义。１资料和方法１．１实验对象：１．１．１ＮＩＤＤＭ组８６例均为内分泌科住院及门诊病例,诊断符合１９８５…     

中国人视黄醇结合蛋白cDNA的克隆与序列分析

目的：　为了进行中国人视黄醇结合蛋白（ｈｕｍ ａｎ ｒｅｔｉｎｏｌ－ｂｉｎｄｉｎｇ ｐｒｏ－ｔｅｉｎ, ｈＲＢＰ）的原核表达,克隆出ｈＲＢＰ的ｃＤＮＡ。　方法：　利用反转录聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法获得ｈＲＢＰ的ｃＤＮＡ,克隆入ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体后,在美国ＡＢＩＤＮＡ 自动测序仪上以双脱氧法进行核苷酸序列测定。结果：　扩增出了约０．５８ｋｂ的特异片段,并筛选出阳性重组克隆质粒ｐＧＥＭ－ＲＢＰ,核苷酸序列测定表明其含有一段５８０ 个碱基的插入片段,与文献报道的一致。结论：　我们已获得了中国人ＲＢＰ的ｃＤＮＡ,可用于进行原核表达。     

CBP——一种由核钙和钙调素激酶Ⅳ调控的信息调节转录辅助激活因子

ｃＡＭＰ反应性要素结合蛋白（ＣＲＥＢ）是一种信息调节转录因子；ＣＲＥＢ结合蛋白是辅助激活因子（ＣＢＰ）；ＣＢＰ的补充对刺激基因表达至关重要。以小鼠垂体细胞株ＡｔＴ２０证明，ＣＢＰ的补充步骤（ＣＲＥＢ在丝氨酸—１３３位磷酸化），可以与ＣＲＥＢ／ＣＢＰ－...     

尿液中视黄醇结合蛋白对肾小管疾病的诊断价值

应用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测１０２例正常健康人及１１６例肾脏损害者的尿液视黄醇结合蛋白（ＲＢＰ）。正常健康人尿液ＲＢＰ浓度为０．２４±０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ，肾脏损害者为４．９６±０．９２ｍｇ／Ｌ，两者比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１１６例肾脏疾病患者中，２８例为系统性红斑狼疮（２．０１±３．５０ｍｇ／Ｌ），３０例为肾脏炎症（３．０３±２．８８ｍｇ／Ｌ），２０例为肾病综合征（１．０２±０．８７ｍｇ／Ｌ），２４例为尿毒症（１２．９２±３．５０ｍｇ／Ｌ），其它１４例为糖尿病、甲亢、皮肌炎（０．５９±２．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ），均较正常人有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）。尿ＲＢＰ是近曲小管疾患的敏感指标，对肾小管疾病有重要诊断价值。     

儿童锌与维生素A的关系

多元试验和临床研究表明 ,锌与维生素Ａ之间具有协同作用。动物缺锌的同时血视黄醇浓度降低 ,单纯补充维生素Ａ不能使之正常。当给动物锌补剂或含锌饲料时其血清视黄醇浓度增加。对大鼠的研究发现 ,缺锌鼠视黄醇和视黄醇结合蛋白 (ＲＢＰ)浓度同时降低 ,也支持锌与维生素Ａ之间的这种关系。但有关人类锌与维生素Ａ相互作用的资料非常有限 ,以致于动物研究资料及结果不太确定。在蛋白质 热能营养不良流行的国家 ,儿童常有许多微量营养素的缺乏 ,尤其是锌和维生素Ａ缺乏。锌与维生素Ａ的协同作用可能是给该类儿童补充维生素Ａ失败的原因之一。…     

糖尿病肾病血清α１ 微球蛋白和β２ 微球蛋白 联合尿视黄醇结合蛋白检测价值研究

摘要：探讨血清α１ 微球蛋白（α１ ＭＧ）、β２ 微球蛋白（β２ ＭＧ）联合尿视黄醇结合蛋白（ＵＲＢＰ）检测在糖 尿病肾病肾损伤早期诊断的应用价值。选取２０１６年１月至２０１７年１月，宜宾市南溪区中医医院门诊和住 院收治的２型糖尿病患者１６５例为观察组，尿微量白蛋白排泄率（ＵＡＥＲ）＜３０ｍｇ／２４ｈ纳入单纯糖尿病 组，ＵＡＥＲ３０ｍｇ／２４ｈ～３００ｍｇ／２４ｈ纳入早期糖尿病肾病组。随机选取同期该院体检中心健康人群８５例为 对照组。比较各组检测α１ ＭＧ、β２ ＭＧ 和ＵＲＢＰ 水平。结果显示，对照组α１ ＭＧ、β２ ＭＧ 和ＵＲＢＰ 水平 低于单纯糖尿病组，差异有统计学意义（狋＝４．５８８、５．２８４、６．６０４，犘＜０．０５）。单纯糖尿病组α１ ＭＧ、β２ ＭＧ、ＵＲＢＰ和ＵＡＥＲ 水平均低于早期糖尿病肾病组，差异有统计学意义（狋＝１１．５２７、２０．５５１、４５．２５１、 ３５．２５７，犘＜０．０５）。三项指标联合检测对早期糖尿病肾病患者肾损伤预后评估的敏感性为９０．１２％、阳性 预测值为８８．８９％、阴性预测值为７９．０１％，均高于三项指标单独检测，但联合检测的特异性６９．１４％ 低于 三项指标单独检测。α１ ＭＧ、β２ ＭＧ 和ＵＲＢＰ联合检测可提高糖尿病肾病肾损伤早期的诊断率。 关键词：糖尿病肾病；α１ 微球蛋白；β２ 微球蛋白；尿视黄醇结合蛋白 中图分类号：Ｒ５８７．２　　文献标识码：Ｂ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１９）０３ ０２３３ ０３     

Retinoid Homeostasis and Beyond: How Retinol Binding Protein 4 Contributes to Health and Disease

Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the specific transport protein of the lipophilic vitamin A, retinol, in blood. Circulating RBP4 originates from the liver. It is secreted by hepatocytes after it has been loaded with retinol and binding to transthyretin (TTR). TTR association prevents renal filtration due to the formation of a higher molecular weight complex. In the circulation, RBP4 binds to specific membrane receptors, thereby delivering retinol to target cells, rendering liver-secreted RBP4 the major mechanism to distribute hepatic vitamin A stores to extrahepatic tissues. In particular, binding of RBP4 to ‘stimulated by retinoic acid 6’ (STRA6) is required to balance tissue retinoid responses in a highly homeostatic manner. Consequently, defects/mutations in RBP4 can cause a variety of conditions and diseases due to dysregulated retinoid homeostasis and cover embryonic development, vision, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases. Aside from the effects related to retinol transport, non-canonical functions of RBP4 have also been reported. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation and function of RBP4 in health and disease derived from murine models and human mutations.     

Identification of a Membrane Receptor for Retinol-Binding Protein Functioning in the Cellular Uptake of Retinal

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the transport protein that carries retinol in the circulation from the liver to its target tissues. The existence of a cell-surface receptor on the target cells, which mediates the uptake of retinol from RBP, has been known since 1975. Recently, it was identified as an integral transmem-brane protein named STRA6 that is inducible by retinoic acid in certain cancer cells. The receptor was found to be highly specific for RBP, with high affinity, and to be localized in all tissues known to require retinol for their function, particularly the pigment epithelium of the eye.     

Saturation of retinol-binding protein correlates closely to the severity of alcohol-induced liver disease.

Impaired metabolism of retinol has been shown to occur in alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the saturation of retinol-binding protein (RBP) in 6 patients with different stages of ALD. Hospitalized alcohol consumers (n=118) with different stages of ALD (ALD1: mild stage of liver damage; ALD2: moderately severe changes of the liver with signs of hepatic inflammation; ALD3: severely impaired liver function) and 45 healthy control subjects were nutritionally assessed, and retinol and RBP content was measured in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, respectively. No differences were noted in daily retinol intake, but subjects with ALD had significantly lower concentrations of retinol in plasma (ALD1: 1.81+/-0.17 micromol/l [mean+/-S.E.M.]; ALD2: 1.95+/-0.24 micromol/l; ALD3: 0.67+/-0.13 micromol/l) compared to controls (2.76+/-0.19 micromol/l). Subjects of group ALD2 had significantly higher plasma RBP levels than controls (P<.05) and patients with ALD1 (P<.05) and ALD3 (P<.001). The relative saturation of RBP with retinol decreased with severity of ALD (controls: 76.8+/-5.0%; ALD1: 55.8+/-6.5%; ALD2: 43.5+/-6.2%; ALD3: 29.0+/-5.1%). The present study indicates that plasma concentrations of retinol and RBP per se do not correlate to severity of ALD, but rather that the retinol/RBP ratio links to the severity of alcohol-induced liver damage. From these results, a reduced availability of retinol in the periphery due to an altered saturation of RBP can be concluded.     

血清视黄醇结合蛋白对于早期肝损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨血清中视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）水平对于早期肝脏损伤的价值,为肝脏疾病防治提供依据。方法收集106例不同类型的肝病患者的血清标本,测定血清RBP、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）,清蛋白（ALB）和前白蛋白（PA）并与正常对照组比较。结果各肝病组血清RBP、PA、ALB均显著性降低（P〈0.01）,ALT和AST则显著性升高（P〈0.01）。急性肝炎患者的RBP阳性率低于ALT和AST,高于PA、ALB。在慢性乙肝、重型肝炎和肝硬化组：PA和ALB阳性率比急性期升高,但仍然低于RBP。结论血清RBP水平能准确、灵敏地反映肝功能变化,在肝脏疾病早期诊断和病程观察中有重要临床意义。     

直结肠癌病人术后应用肠外营养支持中的意义及护理要点

目的探讨直结肠癌病人术后应用肠外营养支持的意义。方法测定52例直结肠癌病人术后应用肠外营养支持前后的血清前白蛋白(PA)和视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)水平。结果直结肠癌病人术后应用肠外营养支持后PA和RBP水平明显升高(P<0.01)。结论 PA和RBP的测定可敏感地反映直结肠癌病人术后应用肠外营养支持的效果。     

Secretion of vitamin A and retinol-binding protein into plasma is depressed in rats by N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (fenretinide).

In clinical trials the cancer preventive drug N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR) markedly lowers plasma concentrations of retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP). Five hours after injection of HPR (51 mumol/kg), serum concentrations of retinol and RBP were 33 and 42% lower, respectively, than control values in rats. Because the mean transit time for retinol disappearance from serum of HPR-treated rats (1.9 h) was similar to that for radiolabeled retinol in control rats in previous studies, plasma retinol turnover is apparently not accelerated by HPR treatment. To study the effects of HPR on the secretion of the retinol-RBP complex from liver, control or HPR-treated rats were injected with chylomicrons containing [3H]vitamin A and [14C]triglycerides. Both labels were rapidly cleared from plasma in the two groups. In control rats [3H]retinol concentrations began to increase in plasma after 30 min due to liver secretion of retinol bound to RBP. In HPR-treated rats, secretion was apparently inhibited because the amount of [3H]retinol bound to RBP at 4.66 h was only 2.6% of the control level. We conclude that HPR partially blocks the secretion of the retinol-RBP complex from liver and other tissues, and thus depresses plasma concentrations of vitamin A and RBP.     

Retinol Binding Protein 4 in Relation to Diet,Inflammation, Immunity,and Cardiovascular Diseases

Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), previously called retinol binding protein (RBP), is considered a specific carrier of retinol in the blood. It is also an adipokine that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. RBP4 seems to be correlated with cardiometabolic markers in inflammatory chronic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It has recently been suggested that inflammation produced by RBP4 induces insulin resistance and CVD. The clinical relevance of this hypothesis is discussed in this review. Knowledge concerning the association of RBP4 with inflammation markers, oxidative stress, and CVDs as well as concerning the role of diet and antioxidants in decreasing RBP4 concentrations are discussed. Special attention is given to methodologies used in previously published studies and covariates that should be controlled when planning new studies on this adipokine.     

直结肠癌病人术后应用肠外营养支持中的意义及护理要点

目的探讨直结肠癌病人术后应用肠外营养支持的意义。方法测定52例直结肠癌病人术后应用肠外营养支持前后的血清前白蛋白（PA）和视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）水平。结果直结肠癌病人术后应用肠外营养支持后PA和RBP水平明显升高（P〈0．01）。结论PA和RBP的测定可敏感地反映直结肠癌病人术后应用肠外营养支持的效果。     

The early changes in retinol-binding protein and prealbumin concentrations in plasma of protein-energy malnourished children after treatment with retinol and an improved diet

1. Changes in total retinol-binding protein (RBP), the holoprotein (holoRBP) and prealbumin (PA) concentrations have been monitored in plasma of thirty protein- and vitamin A-deficient preschool children from within a few hours up to 7 weeks after treatment with retinol and a good-quality protein diet. 2. The children were classified into groups according to nutritional status as having either kwashiorkor, marasmus-kwashiorkor or marasmus, and given formula diets whose protein and energy contents increased stepwise from 1 g and 105 kJ/kg body-weight respectively up to 4 g and 733 kJ/kg body-weight after 4 weeks. Retinol was administered in the forms of retinyl palmitate either orally or intramuscularly. 3. PA and total RBP were determined by electroimmunoassay procedures and the holoRBP by its fluorescence after separation from other plasma proteins. 4. RBP in plasma of the vitamin A-deficient child is largely denatured and incapable of binding administered retinol, which must first be taken up by the liver before native holoRBP is released. An increased pool of native apoprotein accumulates in the liver during vitamin A deficiency which is released into plasma quickly after retinol uptake to form peak concentrations of total and holoRBP approximately 3 h after dosing intramuscularly and 6 h orally. 5. The accumulated pool of RBP was highest in livers from the marasmus group and lowest in those from the kwashiorkor group, reflecting their relative capacities to synthesize plasma proteins. 6. The mean plasma concentrations of total and holoRBP for the various groups were minimal 24-48 h after dosing with retinol and then improved almost linearly over the following week. 7. Mean plasma PA concentrations of the various groups on admission were also in order of the severity of their malnutrition. There was little or no change in this protein concentration over the first 24 h after dosing with retinol, but thereafter the mean values rose almost linearly over 2 weeks. Albumin on the other hand changed little during the first week. The results show that PA is the more sensitive measurement of protein nutritional status.