T-Cell Membrane CD45RA (2H4) and CD45RO (UCHL1) Determinants: I, Diverse Patterns of Expression in Mature (Post-Thymic) T-Cell Proliferations

By simultaneous two- and three-colour flow cytometry, this study analysed the expression of membrane CD45RA (2H4) and CD45RO (UCHL1) determinants by normal thymocytes (n = 5) and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4⁺, n = 21; CD8⁺, n = 12; CD8^dim+, n = 12) and compared these patterns with those of T-cells from representative CD4⁺CD8^- (n = 8), CD4⁺CD8⁺ (n = 2), CD4^-CD8⁺ (n = 10) and CD4^-CD8^- (n = 1) proliferations. These comprised cases of prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL, n = 5), adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma (ATLL, n = 2), Sezary Syndrome (SS, n = 4), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL, n = 4), and lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL, n = 5). Normal thymocyte fractions, of which a mean of 85% cells co-expressed membrane CD4 and CD8, were predominantly (mean 89%) 2H4^-UCHL1⁺ with the remaining cells consisting of 2H4^intUCHL1⁺ and 2H4⁺UCHL1^- components. Further analysis showed that virtually all CDla⁺ thymocytes were UCHL1⁺ whereas the CD1a^- fraction comprised similar proportions of both UCHL1^- and UCHL1⁺ subpopulations. Similarly, normal blood CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD8^dim+ lymphocytes showed reciprocal CD45RA/CD45RO expression and could be phenotypically grouped into 2H4⁺UCHL1^- 2H4^intUCHL1⁺ and 2H4^-UCHL1⁺ subpopulations. Mean proportions of 48% and 68%, for CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes respectively, showed a composite 2H4⁺UCHL1^- phenotype, whereas the percentage of NK-associated CD8^dim+ cells with this phenotypic pattern was considerably higher (mean, 85%). Normal lymphocyte subpopulations lacking both determinants (2H4^-UCHL1^-) were only rarely noted. Comparing normal patterns of CD45RA/CD45RO expression with those of the T-cell proliferations revealed diverse and abnormal patterns of staining for 3/6 of the CD4⁺CD8^- SS and ATLL, and for 5/5 of the T-PLL (CD4⁺CD8^-, n = 2; CD4⁺CD8⁺, n = 2; and CD4^-CD8⁺, n = 1) cases studied. In contrast, the nine cases of CD4^-CD8⁺ T-CLL and LDGL all showed CD45RA/CD45RO staining patterns similar to that of normal CD8⁺/CD8^dim+ blood lymphocytes (i.e. a predominance of 2H4⁺UCHL1^- cells). Although the variant CD45RA/CD45RO pattern types of the CD4⁺ proliferations did not appear to be related to either the diagnostic category or other phenotypic characteristics, the high proportion of abnormal patterns within this case group suggests that recognition of these abnormalities may be potentially relevant to the differentiation of benign and malignant CD4⁺ proliferations and, in addition, may be of aetiological importance with respect to the diverse acquired defects in immunity commonly seen in patients with such disorders.     

不同乳腺癌干细胞亚群的自我更新和致瘤能力差异

目的 分析原代培养乳腺癌细胞中不同乳腺癌干细胞亚群的自我更新、致瘤能力差异。方法 采用流式细胞术和免疫荧光实验,从乳腺癌原代培养细胞中分选、鉴定CD44⁺CD24^-/low、ALDH1⁺和ALDH1⁺CD44⁺CD24^-/low细胞亚群,分析各分选细胞占总肿瘤细胞的比例;通过克隆形成实验观察各组细胞的自我更新能力;通过裸鼠致瘤实验观察各组细胞的致瘤能力。结果 CD44+CD24^-/low细胞占总细胞比例的7.2%,ALDH1⁺细胞所占比例为4.6%,ALDH1⁺CD44⁺CD24^-/low细胞所占比例为1.5%。三组细胞自我更新和致瘤能力由强至弱依次为ALDH1⁺CD44⁺CD24^-/low、ALDH1⁺、CD44⁺CD24^-/low细胞,各组细胞间比较差异均存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 乳腺癌组织中CD44+CD24-/low、ALDH1⁺和ALDH1⁺CD44⁺CD24^-/low三组乳腺癌干细胞亚群之间的自我更新和致瘤能力有明显差异,ALDH1⁺CD44⁺CD24^-/low亚群细胞具有最强的自我更新和致瘤能力,提示ALDH1⁺CD44⁺CD24^-/low可能是更具有特异性的乳腺癌干细胞标志物。     

Homing-Associated Cell Adhesion Molecule (H-CAM/CD44) on Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Human CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) express CD44 and can directly adhere to hyaluronate (HA) via CD44. Furthermore, CD44 may also be involved in the regulation of CD34⁺ HPC proliferation and development. The expression of CD44 molecules on CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitor cells is significantly lower on bone marrow (BM) CD34⁺ cells compared with circulating CD34⁺ cells in cord blood and peripheral blood. Myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells are found predominantly in CD34⁺CD44^- cell fractions. More interestingly, CD34⁺CD44⁺ cells expressing B-lymphocyte-associated CD10 and CD19 would represent unique B-lymphocyte committed precursors in the BM, which might undergo apoptotic cell death in the early steps of B-cell differentiation.     

T-Cell Membrane CD45RA (2H4) and CD45RO (UCHL1) Determinants: II, Aberrant HLA-ABC Expression by CD45RA and CD45RO Cell Subpopulations of Mature CD4+ T-Cell Leukaemias

Six thymocyte suspensions, 10 normal blood CD4⁺ CD8^- lymphocyte-enriched fractions and leukaemic cells from 24 patients with CD4⁺ mature T-cell lymphoid malignancy (five Sezary Syndrome, six adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma and 13 cases of T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia) were examined in this study for the expression of membrane HLA-ABC by CD45RA (2H4) and CD45RO (UCHL1) subpopulations. These analyses showed that the main increase in HLA-ABC expression by normal CD4⁺ CD8^- blood lymphocytes (mean 490 to 760 FITC units) paralleled the loss of membrane 2H4 whilst the acquisition of UCHL1 was not associated with any significant change in HLA-ABC staining intensity. The sequence of 2H4 differentiation by normal thymocytes, based on the observed increasing levels of HLA-ABC staining intensity appeared to be (a) CD1a ⁺ 2H4^- UCHL1⁺ (25 HLA-ABC fluorescent units), (b)CD1a^-2H4^intUCHL1⁺ (134 units), and (c) CD 1a^- 2H4 ⁺ UCHL1 ^- (197 units). Quantitative estimates of membrane HLA-ABC expression by leukaemic T-cells revealed marked heterogeneity between individual cases irrespective of diagnostic subgroup. Based on the lower observed limits for normal CD4⁺ 2H4⁺ (318 units) and CD4 ⁺ 2H4^- (478 units) fractions, 14% and 38% respectively of the leukaemic 2H4⁺ and 2H4^- components examined showed reduced HLA-ABC expression. Two cases showed very low membrane HLA-ABC levels that were within the range observed for normal CD1a^- thymocytes. In contrast, HLA-ABC staining intensities exceeding that of corresponding normal CD4⁺ 2H4⁺ (710 units) and CD4⁺ 2H4^- (1286 units) subpopulations were seen in a high proportion (65%) of leukaemic 2H4 ⁺ components, with only 14% of 2H4^- fractions showing raised levels and, in two cases, these staining intensities exceeded three times the normal observed limits. In addition to the quantitative differences in HLA-ABC expression, a remarkably consistent (81% of evaluable cases) feature of the leukaemic T-cells was that the 2H4^-UCHL1⁺ subpopulation in CD4⁺ malignancies had a lower HLA-ABC level than the 2H4⁺UCHL1 subpopulation. This was in marked contrast to normal post-thymic T-cells where increasing HLA-ABC expression was seen with increasing UCHL1 (or decreasing 2H4) staining. These results suggest that leukaemic T-cells have an aberrant intra-thymic and post-thymic sequence of 2H4/UCHL1 expression which has become 'uncoupled' from CD1a/HLA-ABC expression.     

Interleukin 3 Stimulation Enhances Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Proliferative Activity of Human Fetal Thymocytes and Leukemic T-cell Precursors at Multiple Developmental Stages of T-Cell Ontogeny

The purposes of this study were to elucidate the biologic effects of recombinant human interleukin 3 (rhIL-3) on leukemia T-cell precursors and fetal thymocytes corresponding to discrete and sequential developmental stages of human T-cell ontogeny, and to examine the biochemical nature of the IL-3 receptor linked transmembrane signal in human T-cell precursor populations. The specific binding of biosynthetically labeled ³⁵S-rhIL-3 to leukemic T-cell precursors from T-lineage ALL patients was initially investigated. In 5 of 9 cases, the binding of ³⁵S-rhIL-3 was significantly blocked by excess cold rhIL-3, and the percentage of inhibitable binding ranged from 40% to 64% (mean ± SE = 53 ± 4%). In these cases, 5-13 femtomols (mean + SE = 7.0 ± 1.5 fms) of ³⁵S-rhIL-3/10⁷ cells were specifically bound. rhIL-3 stimulated in a dose dependent fashion the in vitro clonal proliferation of leukemic T-cell precursors with composite immunophenotypes corresponding to the developmental stages of prothymocytes/double negative immature thymocytes (3 of 5 cases) and corticothymocytes/double positive CD4⁺CD8⁺ immature thymocytes (4 of 4 cases). By contrast, leukemic T-cell precursors from 2 T-lineage ALL cases with a composite immunophenotype of medullary thymocytes/single positive CD4⁺CD8^-/CD4^-CD8⁺ mature thymocytes did not show an enhanced proliferative activity after stimulation with increasing concentrations of rhIL-3. All of the 5 cases with significant ³⁵S-rhIL-3 binding and none of the 4 cases with no ³⁵S-rhIL-3 binding showed a proliferative response to rhIL-3. Thus, there was a high correlation between ³⁵S-rhIL-3 binding and proliferative response of leukemic T-cell precursors in colony assays, indicating that functional IL-3 receptors were detected in ligand binding assays. rhIL-3 also stimulated the proliferation of immature double positive CD4⁺CD8⁺ thymocytes from 9 of 10 fetal thymuses without inducing differentiation and with no selective advantage for the development of CD4⁺CD8^- or CD4^- or CD4^-CD8⁺ single positive thymocytes. The observed differences in IL-3 responsiveness among T-cell precursor populations at distinct developmental stages indicates that IL-3 receptors may be expressed only during the early stages of human T-cell ontogeny preceding the negative or positive selection events within the thymic microenvironment. Stimulation of fetal thymocytes with rhIL-3 resulted in enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of 8 distinct cellular substrates with molecular weights of 44 kDa, 55 kDa, 60 kDa, 69 kDa, 98 kDa, 123 kDa, 150 kDa and 190 kDa, but it did not result in stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover and increased Ins-1,4,5-P₃ production. The induction of tyrosine phosphorylation by rhIL-3 was augmented by further crosslinking surface bound IL-3 molecules with an anti-IL-3 antibody and it was abrogated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. The ligation of the CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase markedly suppressed the tyrosine phosphorylation of specific substrates induced by IL-3 stimulation. Thus, the mitogenic transmembrane signal triggered by the engagement of the IL-3 R on human T-cell precursors is linked to a functional protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)/protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) regulatory pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-3 may have an important growth regulatory role in early stages of human T-cell ontogeny.     

Proportion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell is increased in the patients with ovarian carcinoma

Objective: To study the frequency of the CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the patients with ovarian carcinoma and its possible mechanism. Methods: The percentages of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor associated lymphocytes (TALs) from 13 patients with ovarian carcinoma and in the PBLs from 14 healthy women were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of CD69 on CD4⁺PBLs from the patients was detected. PBLs from healthy women were cultured in complete RPMI 1640 containing the supernatant from SKOV3 cell line with or without PHA (phytohemagglutinin) stimulation for 72 hours, then the percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells was detected. Results: CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs in the PBLs from patients with ovarian carcinoma were significantly increased compared with those from the control. The percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs in TILs was higher than that in PBLs and TALs from the patients, but not significantly. The expression of CD69 on CD4⁺PBLs from the patients was negative. The percentages of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells in PBLs cultured with SKOV3 supernatant elevated significantly compared with those without supernatant whether PHA was added or not (P = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: There is an increasing of the proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs in PBLs, TILs and TALs of the patients with ovarian carcinoma, which probably results from up-regulation of soluble factor secreted by ovarian carcinoma cells.     

Enhanced antitumor effects by the coculture of allotumor RNA-pulsed dendritic cells with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells on hormone-refractory prostate cancer

In this study, we evaluated antitumor effects of allotumour RNA-transfected dendritic cells (DCs) cocultured with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) on hormone-refractory prostate cancer. The cocultured cells enhanced prostate cancer cytolysis from 26% (CIKs-induced cytolysis) to 80.8%. They also increased the productions of CD4⁺ Th1 (IFN-γ⁺IL-4^-, 55.52%) and CD8⁺ T (IFN-γ⁺, 69.59%) cells determined by intracellular cytokines IFN-γ /IL-4 staining and reduced the rate of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ cells from 18.72% (in CIKs) to 9.72%. The cocultured cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in SCID mouse and induced cancer cells necrosis and apoptosis. Our study indicates that tumor RNA-pulsed DCs cocultured with autologous CIKs significantly enhance antitumor immunity, which can be induced by increased CD4⁺ Th1 and CD8⁺ T cells and decreased CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T (T_reg) cells. This provides a potential immunotherapy strategy for HRPC.     

The clonal hierachy in multiple myeloma

In this report we evaluated the number and phenotype of blood circulating B-cell subsets at different stages of differentiation in 26 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). In all patients, plasma cells and/or plasma blasts could be identified by flow cytometry with a mean frequency of 1.20% and 0.07%, respectively. In 76.9% of the patients these cells showed aberrant expression mainly of CD56, CD28 and CD117, none of these markers were found on the earlier B-lymphocytes. Clonal B-cells preceding the plasma blast stage were identified by patient specific IgH RT-PCR on sorted B-cell subsets. The clonal cells included the less differentiated CD38⁺/CD19⁺ and CD38^-/CD19⁺ subsets, illustrating that the clonal cells are part of an ongoing differentiation process. Further, the presence of CD38^-/CD19⁺     

Clinicopathological correlates of plasma cell CD56 (NCAM) expression in multiple myeloma

The aim of this prospective, long-term study was to define the flow cytometric characteristics of plasma cell CD56 expression as well as determine the clinical characteristics of 204 multiple myeloma (MM) patients and 26 plasma cell leukemia (PCL) patients with regard to CD56 expression. CD56 expression intensity was determined by measurement of antigen molecules on the cell defined as Antibodies Bound per Cell (ABC) and calculation of Relative Fluorescence Intensity (RFI). CD56 expression was found in 66% of MM and 54% of PCL cases. The RFI values for individual MM patients ranged from 7.6 to 27.4 while ABC values on MM plasma cells from 2255 to 58469. There was a correlation between the proportion of all bone marrow CD38⁺⁺/CD138⁺ cells with CD56 expression and ABC and RFI indices. With regard to CD56 expression positive patients, the CD56^- MM patients presented lower frequency of osteolysis (p = 0.01). The median survival was 48 months in CD56⁺ patients and 43 months (p = 0.84) in CD56^- cases. In conclusion, CD56 expression carries no distinct adverse prognosis and the lack of CD56 expression does not define a unique clinicopathological or prognostic entity in MM. A remarkable heterogeneity of CD56 expression intensity in CD56⁺ patients imposes the necessity of determining CD56 expression intensity in candidates to antibody-based therapy.     

结直肠癌及腺瘤患者CD4+、CD8+和CD28+T淋巴细胞的亚群变化及临床意义

背景与目的：结直肠癌（colorectal cancer,CRC）严重影响患者生存。探讨肿瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment,TME）T细胞亚群在CRC和腺瘤中的表达及意义。方法：用免疫组织化学法和流式细胞术对51例健康人（对照组）、46例结直肠腺瘤（腺瘤组）、100例CRC（癌症组）和15例CRC术后（癌术后组）患者进行T细胞亚群检测。结果：① 对照组、腺瘤组及癌症组3组中CD4⁺T细胞的阳性率分别是90.00%、43.75%及32.65%,CD8⁺T淋巴细胞的阳性率分别是30.00%、56.25%及75.51%,CD28⁺T淋巴细胞的阳性率分别是42.86%、30.00%及20.00%。② 对照组、腺瘤组及癌症组3组中CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD28⁺、CD8⁺CD28⁺和CD8^－CD28⁺逐渐降低,CD8⁺、CD8⁺CD28^－逐渐增加（P＜0.05）;癌术前术后T细胞亚群差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：① CRC微环境T细胞亚群中CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD28⁺、CD8⁺CD28⁺和CD8^－CD28⁺呈递减趋势,CD8⁺、CD8⁺CD28^－呈递增趋势,且在癌前病变腺瘤中已逐步出现上述趋势变化。② CRC患者行肿瘤切除术后,其T细胞亚群有所恢复,故在一定程度上,CRC中T细胞亚群的变化可以早期预测结直肠疾病的发展。     

肝细胞癌组织ICOS+T细胞的多重免疫组织化学检测及其预后价值研究

背景与目的：诱导共刺激分子（inducible costimulator,ICOS）属于B7-CD28免疫球蛋白超家族成员,表达于活化T细胞表面,在T细胞的激活和免疫应答中发挥重要作用;但目前对于ICOS及ICOS+ T细胞在肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）肿瘤组织中的表达及其意义尚不清楚。该研究旨在测定ICOS、ICOS⁺ T细胞在HCC患者肿瘤组织中的表达情况并探讨其预后价值。方法：应用组织芯片（tissue microarrays,TMAs）和多重免疫组织化学技术（multiplex immunohistochemistry,mIHC）检测2006—2007年在复旦大学附属中山医院接受手术治疗的358例原发性HCC患者肿瘤组织和癌旁组织中ICOS⁺细胞、ICOS⁺CD4⁺及ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞的浸润密度和ICOS⁺细胞占CD4⁺、CD8⁺ T细胞的百分比。应用Kaplan-Meier法和多因素COX回归模型分析上述指标对患者预后的影响。结果：与癌旁组织相比,ICOS⁺细胞和ICOS⁺CD4⁺ T细胞在肿瘤组织中浸润数量显著增加（P<0.000 1和P=0.009 1）,而ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞则呈相反的降低趋势（P=0.033）;在肿瘤中,ICOS⁺CD4⁺ T细胞的浸润程度显著高于ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞。此外,ICOS⁺CD4⁺和ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞占各自T细胞亚群的百分比在肿瘤组织中均显著增加（P均<0.000 1）。预后分析发现,肿瘤组织中ICOS⁺细胞、ICOS⁺CD4⁺及ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞浸润高的患者总生存期（overall survival,OS）更长,多因素分析证实上述指标是HCC的独立预后良好因素。结论：ICOS在HCC患者的肿瘤组织中高表达,且ICOS⁺细胞、ICOS⁺CD4⁺及ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞是OS的独立预后良好因素,提示上述指标可作为新的HCC预后免疫标志物。     

CD38及ZETA相关蛋白在慢性淋巴细胞白血病中的表达及其临床意义

 【摘要】　目的　探讨CD38及ZETA相关蛋白（ZAP-70）在慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）患者中的表达及其与临床分期的关系,分析其对预后的影响。方法　采用流式细胞术检测42例CLL患者CD38及ZAP-70的表达水平,根据Rai分期将患者分为高危组（Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）（25例）和低中危组（0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）（17例）,了解CD38和ZAP-70表达在Rai分期的分布情况,结合患者病情进展、化疗疗效进行分析。结果　CLL患者中CD+38者占47.6 %（20／42）,其中高危组 64.0 %（16／25）,低中危组 23.5 %（4／17）,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2＝6.645,P＝0.014）; ZAP-70+者占40.5 %（17／42）,其中高危组 60.0 %（15／25）,低中危组 11.8 %（2／17）,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2＝9.772,P＝0.003）; ZAP-70+ CD+38和ZAP-70+ CD-38 患者多分布在高危组中,而ZAP-70- CD-38患者多分布在低中危组中,差异均有统计学意义（χ2＝10.076、9.346、6.005,均P＜0.05）。随访48个月（1～136个月）后 ZAP-70+ CD+38及ZAP-70- CD-38患者无进展生存期分别为19.0和58.0个月,差异有统计学意义 （χ2＝11.488,P＝0.003）,而ZAP-70+ CD-38和ZAP-70- CD+38 患者无进展生存时间分别为43.5和51.7个月,差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0.075,P＝0.784）。结论　CD38和ZAP-70在CLL病程后期（Rai分期Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期）表达高于病程早期（Rai分期0期、Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期）,CD38和ZAP-70均阳性CLL患者较单阳性患者病情进展快,生存期明显缩短。     

载脂蛋白C3 转基因小鼠脾脏免疫细胞表型及其活性分析

目的：分析载脂蛋白C3（Apo C3）转基因小鼠脾脏免疫细胞的表型及活性。方法：以12只ICR背景Apo C3转基因小鼠为研究模型,选取鼠龄/性别匹配的野生型小鼠作为对照,采集小鼠球后静脉丛血液,以酶反应显色比色法联合酶标仪测定血浆甘油三酯水平,选取血浆甘油三酯含量≥ 1 000 mg/dL （11.3 mmol/L）的小鼠用于后续实验。取小鼠脾脏制备成单细胞悬液,采用细胞膜表面分子、胞内分子及核内分子染色法,通过流式细胞术检测转基因小鼠和野生型小鼠脾脏免疫细胞频率和表型。再将转基因小鼠或野生型小鼠脾脏细胞与结肠癌细胞MC38分别以1：1、1：3、3：1效靶比共培养72 h后,通过流式细胞术检测CD8⁺ T细胞CD107a的表达。结果：Apo C3转基因小鼠血浆甘油三酯含量较野生型小鼠显著升高（P<0.01）,而体质量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与野生型小鼠相比,Apo C3转基因小鼠脾脏CD3⁺CD8⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺NKG2D⁺细胞频率明显增多,髓系抑制性Gr-1⁺CD11B⁺细胞频率增加,脾脏NK1.1⁺NK、NK1.1⁺NKG2D⁺细胞的频率明显减少（P均>0.05）;脾脏CD3⁺CD4⁺NKG2D⁺、CD3⁺CD4⁺IL-17⁺细胞频率以及调节性T细胞,NKT细胞,γδT细胞,B细胞和巨噬细胞频率均无明显变化（P均>0.05）。Apo C3转基因小鼠CD8⁺CD62L^-CD44⁺、CD8⁺CD44⁺KLGR1⁺频率升高,以效应性T细胞为主,且CD8⁺ T细胞分泌IFN-γ活性增强;转基因小鼠中CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞CD107a的表达增加差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论：Apo C3转基因小鼠呈现高水平血浆甘油三酯,其免疫细胞表型及活性具有显著变化,其中CD8⁺ T细胞频率及生物活性上调,髓系抑制性细胞频率升高,NK细胞频率降低;并且转基因小鼠中CD8⁺T淋巴细胞对靶细胞杀伤能力增强。     

过继性免疫治疗对非小细胞肺癌患者外周血T细胞亚群的影响

目的 研究细胞因子诱导的杀伤（cytokine-induced killer,CIK）细胞治疗对非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）患者外周血T细胞亚群及一般情况的影响。方法 采集非小细胞肺癌患者外周血,常规方法体外扩增CIK细胞,分三次回输患者体内,流式细胞仪检测非小细胞肺癌患者治疗前与治疗3次后T细胞亚群的变化,分析其与健康对照组相比外周血T细胞亚群的差异,并观察CIK细胞治疗前后患者一般情况变化。结果 与对照组相比,NSCLC患者外周血中CD3⁺ T 细胞比例、CD3⁺CD4⁺T细胞比例、CD4⁺/CD8⁺ 比值显著下降（P<0.05）,CD3⁺CD8⁺ T细胞比例显著升高（P<0.05）。CIK细胞治疗后与治疗前,CD3⁺ T 细胞比例、CD3⁺CD4⁺ T细胞比例、CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T细胞比值显著升高（P<0.05）,CD3⁺CD8⁺ T细胞比例显著降低（P<0.05）。CIK细胞治疗后与对照组相比,CD3⁺ T 细胞比例、CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞比值显著下降（P<0.05）。CD3⁺CD4⁺ T细胞比例、CD3⁺CD8⁺ T细胞比例升高,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。CIK细胞治疗前Tregs较对照组显著升高（P<0.05）。CIK细胞治疗后与治疗前相比,Tregs比例显著下降（P<0.05）。结论 CIK细胞输注治疗可以增强NSCLC患者的免疫功能,并改善患者的一般情况,提高生活质量,且未见明显不良反应。     

中晚期宫颈鳞癌患者治疗前外周血Treg计数分析

背景与目的：中晚期宫颈鳞癌同期放化疗(concurrent chemoradiotherapy,CCRT)治疗前性价比高的疗效判断方法较有限,该研究拟通过检测治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/-调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Tregs)亚群计数及血清鳞癌抗原(squamous cell carcinoma antigen,SCC-Ag)水平,评价两者预测临床疗效的可行性。方法：采集44例Ⅱ_B~Ⅳ_A期宫颈鳞癌患者行CCRT治疗前的外周血标本,分别利用流式细胞免疫表型分析和酶联免疫法检测外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg计数及血清SCC-Ag水平。收集临床和病理资料,并统计检验2个指标对疗效的预测作用。结果：治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg计数在临床有效组低于无效组［(8.78±2.80)% vs (10.95±2.56)%,P<0.05］,血清SCC-Ag在不同临床疗效组间差异无统计学意义,且这2个、指标之间未发现相关性(Spearman’rho=-0.093,P=0.540)。经受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线确定治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg及血清SCC-Ag最佳界值分别为9.76%与9.50 ng/mL。单因素分析显示,治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg计数(OR=1.901,95%CI：1.112~3.219,P=0.017)对CCRT疗效有预测作用,而血清SCC-Ag水平无预测作用(OR=0.998,95%CI：0.001~4.253,P=0.897)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg为独立的临床疗效预测因子(OR=3.115,95%CI：1.253~7.742,P=0.014)。结论：治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg计数用于中晚期宫颈鳞癌患者CCRT临床疗效预测具有可行性。     

Clinical implications of blast immunophenotypes in myelodysplastic syndromes

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are malignant disorders of hematopoietic cells. For many neoplasms, immunophenotype data of the neoplastic cells provide valuable information in clinical practice. However, the clinical values of immunophenotype data have not yet been firmly established for MDS. Since MDS blasts are not predominant in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, which makes reliable immunophenotyping of blasts difficult, we used a newly developed density-centrifugation reagent to generate blast-enriched MDS samples for phenotyping. The key findings of our study, which phenotyped blasts from 116 patients with MDS or acute leukemia transformed from MDS, were the following. (1) MDS blasts were usually CD34⁺CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺CD13⁺CD33⁺CD2^-CD3^-CD5^-CD8^-CD19^-CD20^- in flow cytometric analysis and often lacked myeloperoxidase in cytochemistry, regardless of the MDS subtype. (2) MDS blasts showed asynchronous expression of antigens (expression of both stem cell antigens and antigens of mature myeloid cells). (3) During disease progression of MDS, phenotypic clonal evolution (transition from blasts with a relatively mature phenotype to blasts with a more immature phenotype) occurred in at least some cases. (4) CD7-positivity was an independent variable associated with a short survival in MDS. Further studies of blast immunophenotypes will deepen our understanding of MDS and hopefully improve the clinical approach to these intractable disorders.     

CD44+CD24-/low在基底样乳腺癌中过表达与其恶性预后的相关性研究

目的探讨乳腺癌干细胞样标志物CD44⁺CD24^-/low在基底样乳腺癌(basal-like breast carcinoma, BLBC)中过表达与BLBC恶性预后的相关性。方法 在乳腺癌基因表达分型的基础上, 根据雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)免疫表型的表达选取乳腺癌组织四组:管腔A组、管腔B/C组、Her-2高表达组及三阴性组;对三阴性组检测CK5/6、EGFR, 分为正常乳腺样型和BLBC型两组;对上述5组进行免疫组化Envision法染色, 选用抗体为CD44、CD24, 观察CD44⁺CD24^-/low表型表达并比较BLBC组与其它各组的差异。结果 (1)三阴性组共60例, CK5/6和或EGFR阳性者41例(68.3%), 确定为BLBC;CK5/6、EGFR阴性者19例(31.7%), 确定为正常乳腺样组;(2)CD44⁺CD24^-/low表型在BLBC组中占78.0%(32/41), 相对于管腔A组37.9%(11/29)、管腔B组25.9%(7/27)、Her-2高表达组17.2%(5/29)、正常乳腺样组26.3%(5/21), 表达增高并具有显著性(P＜0.05);(3)所有150例乳腺癌中(可评价145例)具有CD44⁺CD24^-/low免疫表型者其Ki-67指数增高相对于非CD44⁺CD24^-/low表型具有统计学差异(P＜0.001)。结论 BLBC型乳腺癌表达乳腺癌干细胞样标志物CD44⁺CD24^-/low显著高于其它各型乳腺癌, CD44⁺CD24^-/low与BLBC独特的恶性生物学行为相关。     

乙型肝炎性肝癌和酒精相关性肝癌患者外周血中T细胞亚群表达差异和价值

目的:分析乙型肝炎性肝癌（HBV-HCC）和酒精相关性肝癌（ALC-HCC）患者外周血中T 细胞亚群表达差异和价值。方法:将2016年07月至2018年10月期间于本院接受诊治的65例乙型肝炎性肝癌患者作为HBV-HCC组,另选择同期于本院接受诊治的58例酒精相关性肝癌患者作为ALC-HCC组。经全自动生化分析仪及流式细胞仪对两组患者的T细胞亚群指标表达情况进行检测,并对比分析两组患者的肝功能Child-Pugh分级。结果:两组患者的肝功能Child-Pugh分级对比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;HBV-HCC组患者外周血中CD3+、CD8+、CD4+CD45RA+值高于ALC-HCC组,但外周血中CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、CD4+CD25+、CD8+CD28+值低于ALC-HCC组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;单因素分析发现,患者年龄、BMI、手术类型、临床分期、原发病灶大小、血管浸润及生存时间中位数与患者预后存在相关性,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析发现,患者年龄≥60岁、BMI＞24 kg/m2、开腹手术、临床分期、原发病灶＞3.6 cm、血管浸润及生存时间中位数＜72个月是影响患者生存质量的独立因素,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:乙型肝炎性肝癌和酒精相关性肝癌患者外周血中T 细胞亚群表达具有明显差异,能视作临床评判肝癌患者病情演变及疗效、预后的重要指标。     

Complex Immunophenotypic Changes as Prognosis Panel in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

The present study proposes to asses the prognosis with consecrated markers CD38 and the new ZAP-70 related to the various patterns of CLL complex immunophenotype: cyclin D1, CD38, CD20, FMC7, CD23. This particular combination could be used as a prognosis panel in CLL.Brief AbstractBackgroundChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has many other prognostic markers established in the past years related to disease and to the patient status, and the most important seem to now be immunophenotypical, genetic, and molecular. CD38 and ZAP-70 are now used in a strong prognosis panel of markers for CLL.AimsThe present study proposes to assess the prognosis with consecrated markers CD38 and the new ZAP-70 related to the various patterns of CLL immunophenotype.Patients and MethodsWe have analyzed 187 patients diagnosed with CLL in order to find correlations between clinical stage, immunophenotype, and outcome.ResultsWe found correlations between expression of CD38 related to clinical outcome, (dr: 0.541; P < .05.), and between ZAP-70 and CD38 (dr: 0.666; P = .018). The expression of BCL-2 was correlated to outcome (dr: 0.533; P < .01) and response to treatment (dr: 0.420; P < .01). Cyclin D1 expression was found in correlation with outcome (P = .014) and BCL-2 expression (P = .034). Lower expression CD23 was associated with poor outcome and expression of CD38 and ZAP-70 (P value < .05; dr: —0.117). We found in patients with cyclin D1 positive comparative to those cyclin D1 negative the association of high intensity CD20⁺ (28% vs. 3%), FMC7⁺ (33% vs. 8%), and lower CD23 (30%-60% vs. > 60%). Also, CD38 was positive in 44% vs. 10% and ZAP-70 in 66% versus 5%. This association defines a “lymphoma”-like immunophenotype for cyclin D1—positive cases. Treatment was chlorambucil, fludarabine/cyclophosphamide (FC), or FC + rituximab (FCR).ConclusionFlow cytometry is the most practical method used in CLL for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. The immunophenotypical markers surrogate for IgVH mutation status, as CD38 and ZAP-70 have a strong correlation with outcome in CLL, and our results found that analysis by flow cytometry of both CD38 and ZAP-70 could be used in the evaluation of patients with CLL as strong prognosis markers. The complex immunophenotype in CLL could be used to define 2 main prognosis patterns: (1) cyclin D1—positive, CD38 positive, CD20 high, FMC7 positive, CD23 weak with poor prognosis; and (2) cyclin D1—negative, CD38 negative, CD20 low, FMC7 negative, CD23 high with good prognosis. These patterns have strong association with expression of ZAP-70 and could be used as prognosis assessment of patients with CLL.     

儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病缓解期外周血MDSCs的变化及意义

目的:观察儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)缓解期患者外周血髓系来源的抑制性细胞(MDSCs)的变化,并探讨其原因及可能的意义。方法:分别抽取22例儿童B-ALL行长春新碱、柔红霉素、左旋门冬酰胺酶和强的松(VDLP)方案化疗后缓解期患者和20例健康体检儿童的外周血,流式细胞术检测和分析CD33⁺HLA-DR^-/CD33⁺细胞比例、以及CD14⁺CD33⁺HLA-DR^-和CD15⁺CD33⁺HLA-DR^-两群MDSCs细胞比例的变化,统计分析B-ALL患者和健康对照组之间MDSCs的差异。结果:儿童B-ALL缓解期患者外周血CD33⁺HLA-DR^-MDSCs所占CD33⁺细胞的比例较健康对照组明显降低(P=0.001);单核细胞来源的CD14⁺CD33⁺HLA-DRMDSCs的比例较健康对照组显著降低(P<0.01);粒细胞来源的CD15⁺CD33⁺HLA-DR^- MDSCs比例亦较健康对照组明显降低(P=0.004)。结论:儿童B-ALL患者行VDLP方案化疗后完全缓解期患者外周血MDSCs的比例明显下降,其低水平的MDSCs可能与化疗后机体免疫系统尚未完全正常建立相关。