大剂量丙种球蛋白联合泼尼松治疗ITP的近期疗效观察

特发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)包括急性型和慢性型 ,患者常出现全身皮肤粘膜紫癜及出血倾向 ,部分急性型 ITP患者可出现鼻、牙龈 ,甚至是颅脑、胃肠道和泌尿道出血。为尽快使这类患者血小板增加 ,减少出血 ,我们采用大剂量丙种球蛋白联合泼尼松治疗 ITP患者 2 3例 ,并对其近期疗效进行了观察。现报告如下。临床资料 :2 3例患者中 ,男 6例 ,女 17例 ,年龄 12～ 6 7岁 ,均符合 1986年首届中华血液学会全国血栓与出血学术会议制定的诊断标准。患病时间 5天至 14年。治疗前血小板 8～ 47× 10 9/ L。急性 ITP15例 ,其中 6例治疗前未用其他…     

脾切除治疗成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜

特发性血小板减少性紫癜 ( ITP)是一种自身免疫性疾病 ,多采用泼尼松或免疫抑制剂等药物治疗 ,但部分患者常因上述治疗无效 ,伴有较严重出血症状。1 980年以来 ,我院对 54例经药物治疗无效的成人 ITP患者行脾切除治疗。现报告如下。1 　 资料与方法1 .1 　 临床资料54例患者中 ,男 2 0例 ,女 34例 ;男 :女 =1 :1 .7;年龄 1 4～ 57岁 ,中位数 31 .5岁。急性型 5例 ,慢性型 49例。病程 <6个月者 1 1例 ( 2 0 .4% ) ,6～1 2个月者 1 7例 ( 31 .5% ) ,>1～ 1 3年者 2 6例( 4 8.2 % )。既往用药物治疗无效者 (包括暂时有效、但停药或减药后血…     

慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者ANA和ACA的检测及临床意义

特发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)是一种自体免疫性出血综合征 ,分为急性ITP与慢性ITP ,一般将病情迁延半年以上而不逾者或经常复发的病例称为慢性ITP。其发病原因尚不完全清楚 ,目前多认为与免疫因素有关。我们对 48例ITP患者及31例健康体检者的血清进行抗心磷脂抗体 (ACA)、抗核抗体 (ANA)以及抗可提性核抗原 (ENA)抗体检测 ,现将结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1 .1 　 检测标本本组ITP患者 (TTP组 ) 48例为本院血液科及儿科患者 ,年龄 5～ 65岁 ,血小板计数≤ 5 0× 1 0 9/L ,无SLE及其它结缔组织病。健康体检者 (健康组 ) 31例…     

老年人特发性血小板减少性紫癜76例临床分析

对76例老年人特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。76例老年患者中男女之比1∶2.8,慢性ITP 73例、急性ITP 3例,血小板计数平均为36×109/L,并存其他疾病者共58例。单一激素治疗总有效率100%,激素加大剂量维生素C治疗总有效率82.7%,单一大剂量维生素C治疗有效率82.2%。激素治疗期间并发肺炎、上消化道出血各4例,急性胆道感染、发热与腹泻各2例,其中死亡3例。     

大剂量丙种球蛋白治疗成人特发性血小板减少性紫癫的临床疗效

本文探讨成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者用7S-丙种球蛋白制剂治疗的效果,及其对血小板相关免疫球蛋白G(PAIgG)和血小板功能的影响。本组18例,其中男7、女11例,年龄18～74岁。急性ITP 2例;慢性ITP16例,其中4例已行脾切除术。全部患者均给予免疫球蛋白0.4g/kg静脉注射,连用5天为1个疗程,其中6例使用过2个疗程。如以血小板数升高至少为治疗前的两倍,总数不少于5万/mm~3为治疗有效,则2例急性ITP中有1例、12例慢性ITP未行脾切除者中有7例、4例慢性ITP已行脾切除者全部治疗有效。于治疗后第4～5天血小板数达到峰值。1例急性ITP完全缓解;慢性型的疗效是暂时的,持续18～25天。5例接     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜103例患者的临床分析

目的 探讨特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者发病的年龄分布、治疗反应及影响因素等.方法 回顾性总结我院1992年7月-2006年12月收治的ITP患者的住院及门诊资料.结果 ITP 103例中,随访时间为2个月～15年,男∶女=35∶68;≥60岁发病患者34.0%(35/103);所有患者中,激素敏感型为57.3%(59/103),多以完全或部分反应健康存活;脾切除6例,栓塞1例,栓塞者无效,随访到的5例切脾者4例血小板一直正常;免疫抑制剂中,环孢素A效果较好,联合激素时其有效率为81.3%(26/32).发展为干燥综合征2例,红斑狼疮1例,淋巴瘤1例.103例中死亡7例,仅1例为脑出血(30岁),其余2例死于脑血栓/梗死,2例死于非血液肿瘤,1例死于肾病,1例死于淋巴瘤.ITP患者中难治率为17.2%(10/58).结论 ITP发病有随年龄增长而升高的趋势,临床表现各异,致命性出血少,联合免疫治疗宜个体化.     

部分脾栓塞治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜与手术切脾的疗效比较

慢性原发性血小板减少性紫癜 ( ITP)首选肾上腺糖皮质激素治疗 ,无效者选用脾切除可获得良效 ,但手术创伤较大 ,部分患者拒绝手术而使病情迁延不愈。自 1 997年以来 ,我院对 1 0例应用激素治疗无效的 ITP患者进行部分脾栓塞术 ,以取代手术切除 ,并进行疗效比较。现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料　慢性 ITP1 0例中 ,男 3例 ,女 7例 ;年龄 1 9～ 47岁 ,平均 31岁 ;病程 6个月至病史最长者 1 2年不等。1 0患者均曾口服强的松 40～ 60 mg/d3个月以上 ,无效而停用。其中 6例曾使用长春新碱、氨肽素及达那唑 ,疗效均不满意。施行栓塞…     

成人难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗

特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)是常见的自身免疫性出血性疾病,由于患者血循环中存在抗血小板抗体致使血小板破坏增多而引起。本病可分为急性型和慢性型。慢性型患者约90%为成人,其治疗目前仍以肾上腺皮质激素(激素)和脾切除为主要措施,但约15%～30%对激素和脾切除治疗无效或不能为患者接受(如高血压,糖尿病等),此种难治性ITP 的治疗现已成为临床上的一大问题。本文就其治疗现况作一概述。ITP 的治疗方法一、激素和脾切除治疗无效,血小板计数(BPC)不能维持安全范围[(20～30)×10~9/L]的患者,可采用下述治疗。1.长春生物碱早期研究用长春花碱(VLB)或长春新碱(VCR)静脉注射,10/88例(11.4%)完全缓解持续0.5～4年,31/88例有暂时疗效,47例无效。另报道6/28例完全缓解。近年来     

VATP方案治疗难治性慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜23例分析

我们于 1 996年 1月采用长春新碱、达那唑、胸腺肽、泼尼松 ( VATP)方案治疗难治性慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜 ( ITP) 2 3例 ,现将结果报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　临床资料本组 2 3例 ,男 9例 ,女 1 4例 ,年龄 1 4～ 62岁(中位年龄 2 9岁 )。中位病程 2 2个月 ( 7～ 68个月 )。所有患者均接受过正规糖皮质激素治疗无效 ,正规用药时间 4～ 1 0个月。 5例曾应用丙种球蛋白 ,2例为脾切除后复发 ,1例曾用硫唑嘌呤。所有患者均有皮肤和粘膜出血 ,8例有月经过多 ,6例有牙龈出血。治疗前平均血小板计数为 ( 1 9.2± 8.9)× 1 0 9/L。1 .2　…     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜的病因及疗效探讨

目的 :探讨特发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)的病因与疗效的关系。方法 :对 16 0例ITP患者的临床及实验室资料进行回顾分析 ,分 4组采取 4种治疗方法 :A组 :抗幽门螺旋杆菌 (HP)加地塞米松冲击继之泼尼松治疗 ;B组 :泼尼松加大剂量丙种球蛋白冲击治疗 ;C组 :泼尼松加达那唑治疗 ;D组 :难治性的给以睥切除治疗。按显效、良效、有效、无效评价治疗效果。结果 :急性ITP 90例 ,慢性ITP 70例 ,男 5 5例 ,女 10 5例 ,男女之比为 1∶2 ,就诊时中位年龄 39岁 ,均有出血表现 ,中位PLT数 15× 10 9/L。有HP感染 75例 ,血小板表面抗体 (PAIGg)阳性 90例 ;血小板自身抗体阳性 30例 ;骨髓巨核细胞增多 114例 ,正常 35例 ,减少 10例 ,巨核细胞均以颗粒巨核细胞为主。T细胞亚群分布以CD4 /CD8降低为主。 4种治疗效果以抗HP加地塞米松冲击继之泼尼松治疗和泼尼松加大剂量丙种球蛋白冲击治疗为好 ,泼尼松加达那唑治疗次之。前两种治疗与后两种之间差异有统计学意义 ,均 P <0 .0 1。结论 :HP感染及自身免疫因素的异常是ITP发病的直接病因。抗HP、激素、大剂量丙种球蛋白是较理想的治疗选择     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.