慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血浆纤维连接蛋白分子的研究

通过８６例慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ｃＯＰＤ）患者及５５例健康老年人血浆纤维连接蛋白（Ｆｎ）含量检测和分子状态分析，探讨ＣＯＰＤ患者血浆Ｆｎ分子降解状态及其临床意义。结果显示ＣＯＰＤ患者血浆Ｆｎ含量降低的同时伴有降解片段生成增多，提示Ｆｎ降解增加是ＣＯＰＤ患者血浆Ｆｎ减少的原因之一，Ｆｎ降解程度与ＣＯＰＤ病程、病情密切相关。鉴于Ｆｎ降解产物对宿主抵抗力的影响（ＯＰＤ患、者血液中Ｆｎ降解片段增多可能是促使机体吞噬调理活性进一步降低和炎症反应恶性循环的又一因素。     

充血性心力衰竭患者血浆内在素与脂质过氧化的关系

为研究充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）时血浆内皮素与脂质过氧化的关系，我们观察了４０例ＣＨＦ患者治疗前后及不同心功能状态下血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的变化。结果显示：ＣＨＦ患者的血浆ＥＴ及ＭＤＡ均较对照组明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０００１），且其含量均随心功能恶化而增加，治疗后血浆ＥＴ和ＭＤＡ均明显下降，其血浆ＥＴ与ＭＤＡ间呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

原发性高血压患者血管紧张素转换酶水平及其基因型关系

目的：观察原发性高血压（ Ｅ Ｈ）患者的血管紧张素转换酶（ Ａ Ｃ Ｅ）水平及其基因型的关系。方法：测定了４５例 Ｅ Ｈ 患者、４３例冠心病（ Ｃ Ｈ Ｄ）患者和４３例健康志愿者血浆 Ａ Ｃ Ｅ水平、 Ａ Ｃ Ｅ 基因型及血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（ Ａ ＴⅡ）水平。结果：① Ｅ Ｈ、 Ｃ Ｈ Ｄ 和健康对照的各组具有 Ａ Ｃ Ｅ 基因 Ｄ Ｄ型者，血浆 Ａ Ｃ Ｅ水平都高于同组的 Ｉ Ｉ基因型（ Ｐ ＜ ０．００１）和 Ｉ Ｄ 基因型（ Ｐ ＜ ０．０１）；② Ｅ Ｈ Ⅱ期患者中 Ｄ Ｄ 基因型者血浆 Ａ Ｃ Ｅ 水平也高于 Ｉ Ｉ基因型者（ Ｐ ＜ ０．０５），但 Ｅ Ｈ Ⅲ期患者中 Ｄ Ｄ 基因型者，血浆 Ａ Ｃ Ｅ水平和 Ｉ Ｉ、 Ｉ Ｄ 基因型者都无明显差别（ Ｐ ＞ ０．２）；③血浆 Ａ ＴⅡ浓度与 Ａ Ｃ Ｅ 基因型无明显关系。结论：无论 Ｅ Ｈ、 Ｃ Ｈ Ｄ 或健康人，凡具有 Ａ Ｃ Ｅ 基因 Ｄ Ｄ 型的个体，其血浆 Ａ Ｃ Ｅ 水平均有升高，而 Ｉ Ｉ基因型则较低。     

冠心病患者红细胞变形能力与红细胞膜脂质成分和PAF－AH活性关系的研究

本文检测了１１２例冠心病（ＣＨＤ）患者红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）和膜脂质成分及血小板激活因子乙酰水解酶（ＰＡＦ－ＡＨ）活性变化。结果显示，ＣＨＤ病人红细胞滤过指数（ＩＦ）较对照组明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００１）；膜胆固醇（Ｃｈ）、脂质过氧化物（ＭＤＡ）和Ｃｈ／磷脂（Ｃｈ／ＰＬ）明显增高，而膜ＰＬ和ＰＡＦ－ＡＨ活性明显降低，与对照组相比差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＣＨＤ患者ＩＦ与膜Ｃｈ、ＭＤＡ和ＣＵＰＬ呈正相关，与膜ＰＬ和ＰＡＦ－ＡＨ呈负相关。提示ＣＨＤ患者ＥＤ降低与红细胞膜脂质成分异常和ＰＡＦ－ＡＨ活性降低有关。     

血浆活性纤维连接蛋白及其降解产物在慢性阻塞性肺病中的意义

血浆活性纤维连接蛋白及其降解产物在慢性阻塞性肺病中的意义丁云红，吕雁群，郭品娥，徐德安，张建荣，张永生为探索血浆纤维连接蛋白（Ｆｎ）降解状态与慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）之间的关系，我们对８６例ＣＯＰＤ患者血浆活性Ｆｎ及其降解产物进行了测定。８６例均...     

淡水鱼油对中老年高血脂症病人血脂,LPO及SOD影响初探

以淡水鱼油乳化剂对４４例高血脂症病人作小剂量的ｎ３不饱和脂肪酸的补充〔二十碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）＋二十二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）１６ｇ／ｄ）〕后，病人血中ＥＰＡ、ＤＨＡ含量和ＥＰＡ／ＡＡ值有显著提高，血浆ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ显著下降，并伴有ＬＰＯ和ＳＯＤ水平的明显降低。结果提示，淡水鱼油能较好的降低血脂，并具有清除自由基的能力。     

充血性心衰患者血浆内皮素和一氧化氮变化的临床意义及培哚普利的干预作用

为了解充血性心衰（ＣＨＦ）时心钠素（ＡＮＦ），内皮素（ＥＴ）和一氧化氮（ＮＯ）变化的临床意义及培哚普利的于预作用，我们选择４０例临床确诊为ＣＨＦ的患者，并随机分为培哚普利治疗组和常规治疗组，放免法测定血浆ＡＮＦ，ＥＴ含量，比色法测定血浆ＮＯ含量，与正常对照组比较，并观察治疗前后上述指标的变化情况。结果ＣＨＦ患者的血浆ＡＮＦ，ＥＴ水平均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＮＯ明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。常规治疗组治疗前后上述指标无明显改变（Ｐ＞０．０５），培哚普利平均治疗８周后ＡＮＦ，ＥＴ显著下降（Ｐ＜０．００１）而ＮＯ显著上升（Ｐ＜０．０５），提示ＡＮＦ，ＥＴ和ＮＯ参与了ＣＨＦ的病理生理过程。培哚普利可以降低ＣＨＦ的治疗有益。     

冠心病心力衰竭患者血甲状腺激素的变化

目的：探讨甲状腺激素与冠心病心力衰竭的关系。方法：运用放射免疫法测定冠心病非心力衰竭患者（３２ 例）、冠心病心力衰竭患者（５６ 例）及健康者（４０ 例）血浆游离甲状腺素（ Ｆ Ｔ４）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（ Ｆ Ｔ３ ）及促甲状腺素（ Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ）,分别用酶法及透射比浊法测定血浆总胆固醇（ Ｔ Ｃ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ Ｈ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ Ｌ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ）及载脂蛋白 Ａ Ｉ（ａｐｏ ＡⅠ）、载脂蛋白 Ｂ（ａｐｏ Ｂ）。结果：冠心病非心力衰竭组血浆 Ｔ Ｃ、 Ｌ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ明显高于健康对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０．０５）, Ｈ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ 显著低于健康对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０．０５）;冠心病心力衰竭组血浆 Ｔ Ｃ、 Ｌ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ 及ａｐｏ Ｂ明显高于健康对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０．０５～０．０１）;血浆 Ｈ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ及 ａｐｏ ＡⅠ显著低于健康对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０．０５）;血浆 Ｆ Ｔ３低于健康对照组及冠心病非心力衰竭组（ Ｐ ＜ ０．０５～０．０１）。冠心病患者及健康人各血脂成份与 Ｆ Ｔ３、 Ｆ Ｔ４ 及 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 均无明显相关性（ Ｐ ＞ ０．０５）。结论：冠心病心力衰竭患者体内 Ｆ Ｔ３ 降低, Ｔ３ 可能安全有效地用于治疗此类患者值得进一步研究。     

冠心病患者运动诱发急性心肌缺血时纤溶功能的改变

经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病（ＣＨＤ）患者１８例，对照组１１例，采用平板运动试验诱发急性心肌缺血，检测运动前后纤溶功能的改变。结果表明：①ＣＨＤ患者运动试验阳性亚组（１２例）及其中有运动诱发胸痛者运动前或运动后的血浆纤维蛋白原（Ｆｇ）、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物（ＰＡＩ）活性水平均显著高于相应的阴性亚组、对照组及无胸痛者，并且其ＰＡＩ活性约高出对照组基础水平１倍以上；②ＣＨＤ患者运动试验阴性亚组运动前或运动后的血浆ＰＡＩ活性及运动后血浆Ｆｇ水平均高于对照组基础水平。本研究提示，ＣＨＤ患者纤溶系统存在严重缺陷，其基础水平纤溶活性显著降低（特别是血浆ＰＡＩ活性显著增高）者易在剧烈活动因素诱发下发作急性心肌缺血和（或）心绞痛；平板运动试验结合Ｆｇ、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂及ＰＡＩ的检测可能有助于对ＣＨＤ诊断时的参考。     

冠心病患者周围血一氧化氮、肿瘤坏死因子变化的意义及开搏通的影响

本文通过对４８例冠心病（ＣＨＤ）患者外周血一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）的测定及开搏通治疗前后的对比，结果显示：ＣＨＤ患者周围血ＮＯ明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＴＮＦ显著高于正常（Ｐ＜００１），且与病情严重程度相一致，接受开搏通治疗三周后，ＮＯ有所回升，ＴＮＦ明显下降，治疗前后比较有显著差异（Ｐ＜００１），提示ＮＯ，ＴＮＦ参与ＣＨＤ的发病过程开搏通具有治疗意义。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.