EGFR与C－erbB－2癌基因蛋白在甲状腺乳头状腺癌中的表达

本文作者研究了上皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）和Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２癌基因蛋白在５０例甲状腺癌和６６例甲状腺良性疾患中的表达。５０例甲状腺癌中，ＥＧＦＲ阳性者２６例（５２％），Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性者２５例（５０％）。ＥＧＦＲ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２共同表达阳性者的淋巴结转移率（９２．８５％）明显高于两者共同表达阴性者（６１．５３％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＥＧＦＲ阳性者ＡｇＮＯＲ数（２．５９±０．６４／核）也明显高于ＥＧＦＲ阴性者（１．３９±０．１８／核）（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＥＧＦＲ与Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２共同表达阳性，同时ＡｇＮＯＲ计数高的甲状腺癌具有较高的恶性度。因此，对这种病人要予以特别的治疗措施并抓紧随访工作。     

血管生成抑制素Endostatin研究新进展

目的：探讨抗ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα反义核酸对早幼粒白血病细胞生长、细胞周期、细胞凋亡的作用。方法：以ＮＢ４细胞株为研究对象;细胞计数采用台盼兰排除、计数板计数法;白血病细胞集落采用甲基纤维素半固体培养;流式细胞仪（ＦＣＭ）用于检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期。结果：以６０μｇ／ｍｌ的终浓度处理细胞,抗 ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα融合部位反义核酸（ＦＵＡＳ）能明显抑制ＮＢ４细胞增殖及白血病细胞集落（ＡＭＬ－ＣＦＵ）形成,最大抑制率分别为４６．８％,５１．６％;ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ能减弱ＦＵＡＳ的作用,ＦＵＡＳ作用时间越短,ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ促ＡＭＬ－ＣＦＵ增加越明显;ＦＵＡＳ处理第７,９天,出现明显的凋亡细胞群,凋亡细胞百分比分别为４１．０％,３４．２％;ＦＵＡＳ处理第５天Ｓ期下降,Ｇ２／Ｍ期升高,第７天Ｃ０／Ｇ１期明显升高,Ｓ期回升。结论：抗ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα反义核酸具有抑制早幼粒白血病细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的作用。     

四种多糖化合物的抗癌作用及其对免疫功能的影响

本文报道了四种多糖化合物：微藻多糖、马鳖多糖、草钟乳多糖和蛇头草多糖的抗癌作用及其对免疫功能的影响。研究结果表明：当剂量为２５和５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ．Ｏ）时，对Ｓ１８０的抑制率分别为５２．８３％－６３．７５％，４６．７２％－５２．４０％，６０．７０％－６５．７０％，５１．０９％－５８．９５％；对肝细胞的抑制率分别为４２．８６％－４６．８９％，３２．９１％－４１．９３％，４３．１７％－４７．５２％，３     

EXPRESSION OF P53 AND C-MYC IN MOUSE LUNG CANCER INDUCED BY COAL BURNING

ＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＯＦＰ５３ＡＮＤＣ－ＭＹＣＩＮＭＯＵＳＥＬＵＮＧＣＡＮＣＥＲＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＢＹＣＯＡＬＢＵＲＮＩＮＧＬｉｎＣｈｕｎｙａｎ林春艳，ＤａｉＸｕｄｏｎｇ戴旭东，ＳｕｎＸｉｗｅｎ孙喜文，ＬｉＦｅｎｇｈｕａ李风华，ＳｈｉＹｕｂｏ石于波（Ｃａ...     

特异性转移因子对荷瘤早期和晚期小鼠细胞免疫功能及生存期的影响

目的研究特异性转移因子（ＳＴＦ）对荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。方法在小鼠腹腔内接种Ｓ１８０细胞同时腹腔注射５１８０－ＳＴＦ，测定天然杀伤（ＮＫ）和淋巴因子激活的杀伤（ＬＡＫ）活性、淋巴细胞转化（淋转）、ＬＡＫ特异杀伤活性及生存期。结果荷瘤小鼠ＮＫ和ＬＡＫ活性及淋转较正常小鼠明显低下（分别为１４．５５％±７１３％、１３．８２％±６．６４％、４４．１５±６．９４ＳＩ；２７．７４％±６．６７％、２９．３８％±９．１６％、６９．１４±７．６７ＳＩ），生存期明显缩短（分别为１７．５０±２．００ｄ和＞４５ｄ）。在荷瘤同时应用５１８０－ＳＴＦ，可部分阻止ＮＫ和ＬＡＫ活性及淋转的下降（分别为１８．６４％±７．１８％、２２．８４％±７．２２％和５３．０３±９．１５ＳＩ），延长生存期（２６．２５±４．４０ｄ），还可明显诱导ＬＡＫ特异活性。荷瘤３天后应用５１８０－ＳＴＦ，仅能部分诱导ＬＡＫ特异活性，不能延长生存期。结论ＳＴＦ可能有助于阻止癌前病变向癌转化，而对晚期肿瘤效果不佳。     

抗癌药卡莫氟的药效学研究

卡莫氟（ＨＣＦＵ）是５－氟尿嘧啶的衍生物。在本实验中每日以ＨＣＦＵ１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ灌胃，共７天，对小鼠Ｓ１８０和Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌的抑制率分别为８２％和４９％。它亦减少小鼠艾氏腹水癌（ＥＡＣ）的腹水生成及癌细胞数。在用二甲肼诱发的小鼠大肠癌模型上，ＨＣＦＵ明显减少大肠肿瘤的发生，抑瘤率为７６％。应用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ和３Ｈ－Ｕｒｄ同位素掺入法显示本药可显著抑制ＥＡＣ癌细胞ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ的合成，用显微分光光度计测量单个ＥＡＣ细胞的ＤＮＡ含量，亦证实ＨＣＦＵ具有抑制ＤＮＡ合成的作用。     

缩氨基硫脲过渡金属配合物抗癌活性研究

目的 究３－硝基苯乙酮缩氨基硫脲（ＨＬ）过渡金属配合物的抗癌活性。方法 测试了配体和６个配合物对Ｓ１８０腹水癌细胞的体外抗癌活性及配合物Ｃｕ（Ｌ）、Ｃｕ（Ｌ）２、Ｚｎ（ＨＬ）２ＣＬ２、Ｚｎ（Ｌ）２对Ｓ１８０腹水癌细胞有强的杀伤作用。配合物Ｃｕ（Ｌ）２、Ｚｎ（Ｌ）２剂量为１８ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,对Ｓ１８０荷瘤小鼠的存活时间延长率分别为１３２．４和５５．２％,对Ｓ１８０实体瘤的抑瘤率分别为８１．５９％和６     

CA—125与子宫内膜抗体测定在子宫内膜异位症诊断中的价值

测定２８例子宫内膜异位症患者及１４例正常健康妇女血清ＣＡ－１２５和子宫膜抗体（ＥＭＡｂ）水平。结果，血清ＣＡ－１２５浓度与子宫内膜异位症临床分期呈正相关，Ⅲ、Ⅳ期子宫内膜异位症患者血清ＣＡ－１２５明显高于对照组；子宫内膜异位症患者血清ＥＭＡｂ明显高于对照组。两者用于子宫内膜异位症诊断的敏感性分别为７１．４３％和８２．１４％，特异性分别为５７．２１％和５７．１４％。     

CE－CAP方案治疗小细胞肺癌的近期疗效

１９８９年９月～１９９２年１２月间，作者采用综合治疗法治疗小细胞肺癌（ＳＣＬＣ），其中可评价化疗疗效的病例１２２例。男９５例，女２７例，年龄范围２０～７０岁。全部均经细胞学或病理证实，均为初治病例，并有明确的可测量的临床和Ｘ线观察指标，可评价近期疗效；局限期（ＬＤ）８３例，广泛期（ＥＤ）３９例。化疗采用ＣＥ－ＣＡＰ两方案交替，化疗二周期组中，ＬＤ４８例，ＥＤ２７例；四周期组中，ＬＤ３５例，ＥＤ１２例。由于本组病例化疗后短期内进行了放疗，故无法观察缓解期。１２２例中，完全缓解１０例（８．２）％部分缓解８９例（７２．９％），稳定１８例（１４．７％），进展５例（４％），总有效率为８１．１％（９９／１２２），较ＣＯＭＶＰ方案的７５％有效率为高，也略高于国外的ＰＥ－ＣＡＶ方案。治疗二周期和四周期的有效率分别为８０．０％和８２．９％，其差异无显著性。ＣＥ－ＣＡＰ方案治疗的主要毒性为消化道反应和骨贿抑制，但但临床观察耐受性尚可。鉴于本方案的较高有效率，作者认为可以推荐作为ＳＣＬＣ化疗的首选治疗方案。     

纯化的甲型流感病毒,新城疫鸡瘟病毒免疫治疗S180荷瘤鼠实验研究

经超速离心提纯的甲型流感病毒ＰＲ８株和ＮＤＶ病毒Ｂ１株治疗Ｓ１８０荷瘤小鼠，存活率分别为５７．７％和７０．１％而未经纯化的病毒治愈率分别为７２．７％和６５．６％。纯化的病毒经－６０℃冰箱放置１５－２７个星期后，经检测ＲＰ６株病毒ＥＩＤ８０和ＨＡ滴度下降显著，ＮＤＶ病毒ＥＩＤ５０和ＨＡ滴度下降不太明显。经－６０℃长期保存的ＰＲ８病毒和ＮＤＶ病毒，免疫治疗Ｓ１８０荷瘤小鼠，其存活率分别为０－３０％和４     

洛铂联合多西他赛行肿瘤细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜癌的临床观察

目的 分析洛铂联合多西他赛行肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery, CRS）加腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, HIPEC）治疗腹膜癌（peritoneal carcinoma, PC）的围手术期安全性及疗效。 方法 PC患者行CRS+HIPEC治疗,药物为洛铂50 mg/m2、多西他赛60 mg/m²,加入12 000 ml 0.9%氯化钠溶液加热至（43±0.5）℃持续灌注60 min。记录术后6天体温和心率变化、围手术期不良事件、血常规及血生化指标、术后患者恢复情况及生存结果。结果 90例PC患者行95次CRS+HIPEC,手术时间180~450 min (中位数485 min）;术后6天最高体温、心率分别为36.4℃~38.6℃（中位数37.5℃）、76~124 bpm（中位数100 bpm）,严重不良事件16例,包括围手术期死亡2例。中位生存期20.8月（95%CI: 13.1~25.8月）,1、3、5年生存率分别为75.6%、45.6%、43.3%。 结论 洛铂联合多西他赛进行CRS+HIPEC治疗PC安全性可接受,有助于延长患者生存期。     

Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy: Best Surgical Management for DCR

EEDCR is a highly rewarding Endoscopic procedure for management of dacryocystitis when epiphora does not respond to medications or repeated syringing of nasolacrimal duct. It is a simple, less time consuming, safe but skilful, highly satisfying surgery both for the patients as well as the surgeons. There is very big advantage of EEDCR, it is close 100% successful procedure, even if there is recurrence of epiphora it is again correctable fully with no residual affects. EEDCR is far more superior to External DCR/Laser DCR and there are definite reasons for it. A total number of 578 cases have been operated by me from April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2011, only very few reoccurrences were there and they were corrected easily so much so that it can be said that it is a close 100% successful procedure and best surgical management of DACRYOCYSTITIS up to date. The successful outcome was defined as symptomatic relief from epiphora and dacryocystitis and a patent nasolacrimal duct upon syringing at the end of procedure and on follow up of patient.     

参麦注射液对阿霉素所致大鼠心肌损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的　观察参麦注射液 (SMI)对阿霉素 (ADM )诱导大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用和抗氧化作用。方法　选用ADM诱导大鼠心肌损伤模型。SD大鼠 60只 ,随机分为 3个组 ,每组 2 0只 ,分别为正常组、治疗组、对照组。正常组 :实验第 1～ 9天注射生理盐水 ,每天 3ml/kg ,1次 /天。治疗组 :实验第 1～ 9天注射参麦注射液 ,每天 3ml/kg ,1次 /天 ,第 4天注射阿霉素 ,隔天 1次 ,连用 3次 ,用生理盐水配置成 1mg/ml,每次 3mg/kg。对照组实验 1～ 9天注射生理盐水 ,每天 3ml/kg ,1次 /天。第 4天注射阿霉素 ,以后隔天 1次 ,连用 3次 ,用生理盐水配置成 1mg/ml,每次 3mg/kg。到期测定血丙二醛 (MDA )含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD )活性 ,并进行心肌病理检查。结果　对照组MDA水平明显高于治疗组 ,对照组SOD水平则显著低于治疗组 ,即加用SMI可提高SOD活性 ,降低MDA含量。SMI能明显减轻大鼠心肌损伤 ,对照组与治疗组比较 ,治疗组心肌损伤明显减轻 ,治疗组与正常组比较无显著性差异。参麦注射液有抗氧化作用 ,与对照组比较 ,血SOD水平升高 ,MDA水平降低 ,心肌病理计分下降。结论参麦注射液有抗氧化作用和对阿霉素所引起的心脏毒性具有保护作用 ,为临床寻找有效的阿霉素所致心肌损伤保护药物提供良好的客观依据 ,值得临床推广应用     

Denosumab in patients with cancer and skeletal metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy and safety of denosumab in reducing skeletal-related events (SRE) in patients with bone metastases.

Methods

A literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Collaboration Library identified relevant controlled clinical trials up-to-March 14, 2012. Two independent reviewers assessed studies for inclusion, according to predetermined criteria, and extracted relevant data. The primary outcomes of interest were SRE, time to first on-study SRE, and overall survival. Secondary outcomes included pain, quality of life, bone turnover markers (BTM), and adverse events.

Results

Six controlled trials including 6142 patients were analyzed. Compared to zoledronic acid, denosumab had lower incidence of SRE with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.84 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.80–0.88), delayed the onset of first on-study SRE (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75–0.90) and time to worsening of pain (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.77–0.91). No difference was observed in overall survival with pooled hazard ratio of 0.98 (95% CI 0.90–1.0). For total adverse events, denosumab was similar to zoledronic acid (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.89–1.0). No significant differences were observed in the frequency of osteonecrosis of the jaw (RR 1.4; 95% CI 0.92–2.1). Patients on denosumab had a greater risk of developing hypocalcemia (RR 1.9; 95% CI 1.6–2.3).

Conclusions

Denosumab was more effective than zoledronic acid in reducing the incidence of SRE, and delayed the time to SRE. No differences were found between denosumab and zoledronic acid in reducing overall mortality, or in the frequency of overall adverse events.     

体内诱导艾氏腹水瘤细胞的耐药性研究

肿瘤细胞耐药性的存在是临床化疗失败的主要原因之一。本实验在小鼠体内用阿霉素（ADR）诱导艾氏腹水瘤细胞（EHR）的耐药性，探讨细胞产生耐药性的机理。HPLC法测定细胞内药物浓度．结果表明耐药细胞─—EHR/ADR细胞内ADR积聚低于EHR细胞，而对ADR外排快于EHR细胞；异博定（VER）增加EHR／ADR细胞对ADR的摄取并阻滞其外排．而对EHR影响不大，揭示EHR／ADR细胞具有MDR特性。     

Oxygen for relief of dyspnoea in mildly- or non-hypoxaemic patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of palliative oxygen for relief of dyspnoea in cancer patients. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for randomised controlled trials, comparing oxygen and medical air in cancer patients not qualifying for home oxygen therapy. Abstracts were reviewed and studies were selected using Cochrane methodology. The included studies provided oxygen at rest or during a 6-min walk. The primary outcome was dyspnoea. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were used to combine scores. Five studies were identified; one was excluded from meta-analysis due to data presentation. Individual patient data were obtained from the authors of the three of the four remaining studies (one each from England, Australia, and the United States). A total of 134 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Oxygen failed to improve dyspnoea in mildly- or non-hypoxaemic cancer patients (SMD=-0.09, 95% confidence interval -0.22 to 0.04; P=0.16). Results were stable to a sensitivity analysis, excluding studies requiring the use of imputed quantities. In this small meta-analysis, oxygen did not provide symptomatic benefit for cancer patients with refractory dyspnoea, who would not normally qualify for home oxygen therapy. Further study of the use of oxygen in this population is warranted given its widespread use.     

邻近腋窝的上皮样血管内皮瘤1例报道

We described a case of a 71-year-old woman with an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) in her left axilla,a rare location which hasn't been reported yet. The patient suffered from numbness, pain and decreased muscle strength of her left upper extremity. Sonography revealed a hypoechoic mass surrounded the axillary artery and brachial artery. No obvious capsule was demonstrated. CT showed a soft-tissue mass with some calcifications and peripheral ring-like en-hancement. The MRI indicated a mass with mainly intermediate signal intensity on Tl-weighted imagine and intermediate signal intensity on T2-weighted imagine. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination after surgery. There are some correlations of these imaging features with its histopathologic characters.     

GF方案与TP方案一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床对照研究

Objective  

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacies of initial gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) and paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP) 1st-line chemotherapies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and observe their side effects.     

鼻咽癌患者放射性骨坏死引起的正电子显像假阳性结果1例及文献复习

目的:探讨鼻咽癌(NPC)患者放射性骨坏死(osteoradionecrosis,ORN)引起正电子假阳性结果的原因及避免因此引发诊断错误的方法。方法:回顾性分析1例放疗后的鼻咽癌患者,行鼻咽部MRI及正电子显像后,再行组织病理学检查,对三种结果进行分析、比较。结果:MRI及正电子显像均诊断患者颅底区域肿瘤复发,组织病理学结果则显示鼻咽部病灶为放射性骨坏死。因此正电子扫描结果为假阳性结果。结论:鼻咽癌患者放疗后所致的放射性骨坏死容易引起正电子显像假阳性结果并可能引发不必要的治疗,因此NPC患者的正电子图像,对于可能的局限性肿瘤复发诊断,应该非常慎重。     

Bortezomib-related neuropathy may mask CNS relapse in multiple myeloma: A call for diligence

Background: Neuropathy is a common adverse effect of bortezomib. Isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse in MM remains exceedingly rare and carries a dismal prognosis. We present an unusual case of bortezomib related neuropathy masking a CNS relapse of MM. Case presentation: A 57-year-old female was diagnosed with standard-risk MM with clinical and cytogenetic features not typically associated with CNS involvement. She was treated with 4 cycles of bortezomib/cyclophosphamide/dexamethasone (VCD) and achieved a VGPR, after which she underwent an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) followed by bortezomib maintenance. Six months after ASCT she developed symptoms suggestive of peripheral neuropathy which was attributed to bortezomib. However the symptoms persisted despite discontinuation of bortezomib. Imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis subsequently confirmed a CNS relapse. Discussion: CNS involvement in MM (CNS-MM) is uncommon and is considered an aggressive disease. Recently published literature has reported biomarkers with prognostic potential. However, isolated CNS relapse is even less common; an event which carries a very poor prognosis. Given the heterogeneous neurologic manifestations associated with MM, clinical suspicion may be masked by confounding factors such as bortezomib-based therapy. The disease may further remain incognito if the patient does not exhibit any of the high risk features and biomarkers associated with CNS involvement. Conclusion: In the era of proteasome inhibitor (PtdIns)/immunomodulator (IMID)-based therapy for MM which carries neurologic adverse effects, it is prudent to consider CNS relapse early. This case further highlights the need for more robust biomarkers to predict CNS relapse and use of newer novel agents which demonstrate potential for CNS penetration.