连翘不同部位化学成分研究进展

目的探讨连翘(Forsythia suspensa)不同部位化学成分研究进展。方法通过对近年来发表的有关连翘化学成分的文献进行归纳总结。结果连翘果实中所含化合物主要有木脂素类、挥发油和萜类、苯乙醇苷类、黄酮类、生物碱类、有机酸类等;花中主要含挥发油类成分,其组成与连翘果实中挥发性成分接近,但活性成分含量较低;叶的化学成分与果实中所含成分具有一定的相似性,部分活性成分的含量甚至高于其在果实中的含量,但种类较少;籽为连翘果实中挥发油的主要来源,其化学成分组成与果实中挥发性成分基本一致。结论连翘果实、叶、花、籽均含不同化学成分且活性成分不同,为寻找新的药源及连翘的综合开发利用提供了新思路。     

Chemical investigation of naturally occurring drug materials. Elucidation of scientific basis for traditional medicines and exploitation of new naturally occurring drugs]

In search of new biologically active compounds in nature, we have been investigating naturally occurring substances on the following subjects: I. chemical studies on naturally occurring drug materials [a) elucidation of bioactive constituents in natural drugs, b) elucidation of scientific basis for crude drug processing, and c) investigation of bioactive constituents in food materials], II. exploitation of new pharmaceuticals in nature [a) investigation of marine natural products and b) exploitation of Indonesian medicinal plants], and III. synthetic studies on bioactive natural products [a) chemical modification of naturally abundant carbohydrates and terpenoids and b) synthetic studies of complex lipids]. This article reviews the results obtained in our laboratory since 1978 on the subjects of I-a, b, c, II-a, and III-a.     

Active phytochemicals from Chinese herbs as therapeutic agents for the heart

Naturally occurring plant alkaloids, in particular those identified from herbal medicines, are finding therapeutic use. Heart diseases can be well managed with specific formulations of herbal medicines. The combined action of multiple constituents of herbal medicines works with therapeutic benefits in humans. The established formulations of Traditional Chinese medicines show efficacy in treatment of diseases. However, individual herbal principles seldom show pharmacological activity. Nevertheless, some of the active alkaloids and terpenoids from medicinal herbs have been identified. The pharmacological activities of these herbal compounds have been studied. These active constituents of herbal medicine are also used in nutrient supplements, but the modes of action of the active component remain sketchy. The present review describes the recent development of those active principles from herbal medicines as cardiovascular agents. The study will provide insights into herbal medicines for drug development for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.     

Thermoanalytical,chemical and principal component analysis of plant drugs

Thermal decomposition and elemental content of commercial raw plant materials used in medicine-roots, rhizomes and bark originating from different medicinal plant species were analyzed. The thermal decomposition was performed using the derivatograph. The content of non-metallic (N, P, S, Cl, I and B) and metallic (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) elements was determined by spectrophotometric techniques after previous mineralization of samples. In order to obtain more clear classification of the analyzed plant materials principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Interpretation of PCA results for three databases (thermoanalytical, non-metals and metals data sets) allows the statement that samples of roots, rhizomes and bark from the same plant species in majority of cases are characterized by similar elemental composition and similar course of their thermal decomposition. In this way the differences in general chemical composition of medicinal plants raw materials can be determined.     

当归挥发油的化学成分和药理作用研究进展

当归是中国常用的药食同源药材之一,素有“十方九归”的美称。当归挥发油是当归的主要药效成分,主要由苯酞类、萜烯类及烷烃类等多种化合物组成,其化学成分复杂,且当归的生长环境、炮制工艺、提取方法等因素均会引起当归挥发油成分含量的变化。当归挥发油具有降血压、保护缺血再灌注损伤部位、平喘、抗炎及抗肿瘤等多种药理活性,临床应用价值较高。本文通过查阅近十年来国内外有关文献,对当归挥发油的化学成分进行梳理,汇总了影响当归挥发油化学成分的诸多因素,重点综述了其降血压、保护缺血再灌注损伤部位、平喘等多种活性作用,以期为当归挥发油的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

An approach based on HPLC-fingerprint and chemometrics to quality consistency evaluation of Liuwei Dihuang Pills produced by different manufacturers

Similarity analysis based on fingerprints has been commonly used in quality consistency evaluation of herbal medicines. However, very little efforts have been paid in interpreting of the differences in the fingerprints for the purpose of quality control. In this study, a facile and reproducible HPLC-fingerprint of Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LWPs) was developed. Both similarity analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were employed to evaluate quality consistencies of LWPs produced by five manufacturers. Contribution plots generated by PCA were performed to interpret differences in the chromatograms of samples from different groups and some peaks which importantly contribute to classification were separated and identified. Then, differences in these samples were verified by quantitative analysis and the way to improve quality consistency was discussed. TCM was usually complex in chemical constituents, it is difficult to identify and quantify all of them. Our study demonstrated that the combination of fingerprints of TCM and PCA not only offered a powerful way to quality consistency evaluation of TCM preparations, but also might simplify the process of quality control by quantitation of some important constituents.     

A critical review of the safety and antiemetic efficacy of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Over the past six years, both government institutions and private enterprise have expressed great interest and activity in the isolation of chemical constituents from the Cannabis sativa plant and synthesis of novel cannabinoid compounds with potential medicinal uses. Evaluation of the safety and antiemetic efficacy of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive cannabinoid component of marijuana, comprises one of several very active areas of cannabinoid clinical research. The results of clinical studies of the safety and antiemetic efficacy of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy are critically evaluated. Deficiencies in current knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol are discussed in the context of antiemetic drug evaluation.     

荚蒾属植物化学成分的研究进展

荚蒾属植物化学成分种类丰富,以vibsane型二萜、环烯醚萜等萜类成分为主,还有黄酮、木脂素、酚类和植物甾醇等成分,药用价值很高,有较大的开发潜力。本文通过查阅和分析相关文献,对荚蒾属植物的化学成分进行全面整理,旨在为该属植物的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。     

红景天属植物的化学成分（英文）

景天科红景天属植物大概包括90个种,分布在高原地带。一些品种做成制剂可治疗多种疾病,如脑缺氧,心血管病,高原反应等。到现在为止,约180种化合物被分离鉴定,其中含有丰富的苷类,以及黄酮类、萜类、鞣质、甾醇等化合物。本综述主要总结了在过去的几十年中,从红景天属植物中分离出来的化学成分。特别强调的是,我们的课题小组正在对植物大花红景天进行化学成分及药理活性研究。     

The cannabinoid content of Cannabis sativa L grown in England

Twelve varieties of Cannabis sativa were grown out-of-doors in southern England during 1971 to 1973. Results show that for certain varieties highly active herbal cannabis can be produced. A warm climate with abundant sunshine does not therefore seem to be essential for high THC content. This was supported by results of growing plants in a greenhouse in varying lighting conditions including a limited period in total darkness. Considerable within and between plant variation was found and the importance of defining the plant part used, the stage of growth and the size of the sample is emphasized for comparative work involving quantitative results. Comparison of the present results with those for the same cannabis varieties grown in different parts of the world shows that all exhibit the same qualitative picture, that is, either THC-rich or CBD-rich. Since this chemical composition seems independent of environmental conditions it is inappropriate to refer to the two types as phenotypes; it is more likely that they represent two chemical races within the species Cannabis sativa L.     

A review on phytochemistry and medicinal properties of the genus Achillea

Achillea L. (Compositae or Asteraceae) is a widely distributed medicinal plant throughout the world and has been used since ancient time. Popular indications of the several species of this genus include treatment of wounds, bleedings, headache, inflammation, pains, spasmodic diseases, flatulence and dyspepsia. Phytochemical investigations of Achillea species have revealed that many components from this genus are highly bioactive. There are many reports on the mentioned folk and traditional effects. Although, the medicinal properties of Achillea plants are recognized worldwide, there are only one review article mainly about the structures of the phytochemical constituents of Achillea. The present paper reviews the medicinal properties of various species of Achillea, which have been examined on the basis of the scientific in vitro, in vivo or clinical evaluations. Various effects of these plants may be due to the presence of a broad range of secondary active metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, terpenoids (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes) and sterols which have been frequently reported from Achillea species.     

浙江产水菖蒲挥发油化学成分研究

目的:研究浙江产水菖蒲根茎和叶中挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法进行定性分析,按峰面积归一化法求出挥发油中各化学成分的百分含量。结果:共鉴定出32个化合物,根、茎和叶中挥发油成分基本相同,主要成分为细辛醚、水菖蒲酮和榄香素。结论:浙江产水菖蒲挥发油中含有丰富的药用活性成分。     

荨麻属植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展

目的对荨麻属植物的化学成分和药理作用进行阐述,为该属植物的进一步研究与发展奠定基础。方法结合近年来的30余篇相关文献,对近5年来从荨麻属植物中分离得到的化学成分和药理活性进行综述。结果与结论近5年从荨麻属植物中新发现多种化合物,如黄酮、木脂素、萜、有机酸等,对该属植物的降糖、抗前列腺增生、镇痛抗风湿作用也有进一步研究。     

50 years of medicinal plant research - every progress in methodology is a progress in science

Many scientific methods of analysis have been developed for the investigation of the constituents and biological activities of medicinal plants during the 50 years since the inaugural meeting of the Gesellschaft für Arzneipflanzenforschung (GA). The chromatographic (e. g., TLC, GLC, HPLC), spectroscopic (e. g., UV, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, MS), and biological (e. g., anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, antiprotozoal, CNS) techniques utilized for medicinal plant research are briefly reviewed. The contribution that advances in scientific methodology have made to our understanding of the actions of some herbal medicines (e. g., Echinacea, Ginkgo, St John's wort, Cannabis), as well as to ethnopharmacology and biotechnology, are briefly summarized. Plants have provided many medicinal drugs in the past and remain as a potential source of novel therapeutic agents. Despite all of the powerful analytical techniques available, the majority of plant species has not been investigated chemically or biologically in any great detail and even well known medicinal plants require further clinical study.     

裸花紫珠的研究进展

裸花紫珠的化学成分主要包括黄酮类、萜类、挥发油类及酚类等.质量评价方面主要包括药材鉴别和各成分测定.药理实验表明其具有止血、抗炎、抑菌等作用,临床常用于止血、抗炎等.就近年来国内外对裸花紫珠化学成分、质量评价、药理作用及临床应用的研究进展作简要阐述,为深入研究开发裸花紫珠提供理论依据.     

荨麻属植物的化学成分和药理作用研究进展

荨麻属植物是常用草药,含有黄酮、萜、木脂素、脂类、有机酸、挥发油、蛋白质、微量元素等类型化合物。它具有广泛的药理作用,如抑制良性前列腺增生(BPH)、降血糖、免疫调节作用、降血压、降血脂、抗凝血、抑制炎症反应等。现对荨麻属植物的化学成分和药理作用研究进展进行综述。     

蓝盆花属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

蓝盆花属植物隶属于川续断科(Dipsacaceae),全世界约100种,分布于欧洲、亚洲、非洲南部和西部,中国有9种2变种,产东北、华北、西北及台湾等地。植物化学研究发现其主要成分为黄酮类、酚酸类、萜类和香豆素类等;现代药理研究表明其具有抗肝纤维化、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗菌等多种药理活性。蓝盆花属植物大多数在国内外广泛作为民族传统用药,潜在药用价值较大。本研究综述了国内外蓝盆花属植物的化学成分及药理作用研究进展,以期为该属植物的进一步研究与开发利用提供科学依据和参考。     

A brief history of cannabinoid and endocannabinoid pharmacology as inspired by the work of British scientists

British scientists have played a leading role in the long history of cannabinoid and endocannabinoid research. Such research has progressed from the first crucial evaluation of the medicinal properties of Cannabis sativa in the Western world to pioneering studies of the chemical constituents of this plant, the development of in vitro biological assays to study cannabinoids, the identification of the mechanism of action of cannabinoids, the discovery of endocannabinoids and the assessment of their therapeutic implications. Stemming from the many innovative ideas and achievements of these researchers, I provide a personal view of where these studies have led us thus far and where they are likely to take us in the future.     

云实属植物化学成分、药理作用及质量控制研究进展

云实属Caesalpinia L.植物资源丰富,主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,具有很高的药用价值。目前,已经从云实属植物中分离出的化学成分主要包括黄酮类和萜类两大类,药理研究表明其具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗疟等药理作用。近年来,关于云实属植物的质量控制研究比较单薄,不能全面反映药材质量标准。因此,系统综述了该属植物化学成分、药理作用和质量控制研究进展,以期为云实属植物药用活性成分及其作用机制的研究、资源的充分利用、新药开发提供依据。     

Nutraceuticals for protection and healing of gastrointestinal mucosa

Natural medicinal products have been used for millennia for the treatment of several ailments. Although many have been superseded by conventional pharmaceutical approaches, there is currently a resurgence in the interest in natural products by the general public and the use of complementary and alternative medicine is increasing rapidly in developed countries. Also, pharmaceutical industries are more and more interested in examining their potential as sources of novel medicinal compounds which may act as growth factor or show immunomodulatory or anti-microbial activity. The subgroup of natural bioactive compounds that bridge the gap between food products and drugs are termed nutraceuticals or functional foods. In contrast with most standard medicinal compounds, nutraceuticals are generally used to prevent rather than to treat disease. Many of the claims for such products are supported by very limited scientific evidence. However, there has recently been a great interest at evaluating the mechanism by which natural products exert their beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract. In particular, a major area of interest is for the use of biologically active chemical components of plants, i.e. phytochemicals, in a number of gastrointestinal disorders. While the major focus of phytochemical research has been on cancer prevention, several products of plant origin are being used and/or under study for a variety of other gastrointestinal problems. In this review we discuss the scientific evidence supporting the potential use of nutraceuticals as agents capable to prevent or accelerate healing of gastrointestinal mucosal damage, with a focus on polyphenol extracts obtained from apple.