居家康复锻炼对乳腺癌患者术后淋巴水肿治疗的作用

目的探讨居家康复锻炼对乳腺癌患者术后淋巴水肿的治疗效果。 方法选取2019年10月至2021年4月期间在中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院肿瘤化疗科治疗的乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿患者80例,采用随机分组将患者平均分为2组,对照组保持通常的自我护理,锻炼组在对照组的基础上给予患者居家康复训练指导,并通过检测患者淋巴水肿手臂周径大小、患肢间体积差异、肩部关节运动范围、手臂肌肉力量、生活质量等方面评估康复锻炼对淋巴水肿治疗的作用。 结果2组患者在经过为期至少6周的干预康复后,与对照组相比,锻炼组的淋巴水肿手臂周径大小有所下降（P＜0.05）,手臂体积也随之变小（P＜0.05）;锻炼组的肩关节运动范围恢复情况相比对照组显著提高（P＜0.05）。此外,在锻炼组中患者的手臂屈曲肌、外展肌、外旋肌、内旋肌和水平内收肌的肌力水平都显著增强（P＜0.05）;最后通过乳腺癌患者生命质量测定量表（FACT-B表）对患者生活质量进行评估之后发现,锻炼组患者各方面的生活质量都有所改善。 结论康复锻炼对于乳腺癌患者术后淋巴水肿的治疗是安全有效的,在一定程度上,有益于淋巴水肿的康复和预后,这为居家康复锻炼治疗乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿治疗提供了参考依据。     

中风偏瘫的全桥运动治疗方案及其安全性初探

本文设计一全桥运动治疗方案，作为中风偏瘫患者康复治疗的组成部分，并对６例接受此方案的偏瘫患者作了观察。发现在全桥运动治疗中，收缩压、脉率累度上升，平均分别为１．２ｋＰａ．２２ｂｐｍ，Ｐ＜０．０５，共４２０次全桥运动中，病人均无明显的症状与体征，方案安全、实用。     

基于虚拟现实技术的功能锻炼对术后脑出血患者神经功能康复的作用

目的探讨基于虚拟现实技术的功能锻炼对脑出血后的老年患者神经功能康复的作用。 方法2017年1月至2018年6月前瞻性收集张家港市中医医院收治的脑出血患者110例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各55例。观察组给予基于虚拟现实技术的功能锻炼,对照组给予常规功能锻炼,2组治疗时间均为6个月。采用简化Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分法、Berg平衡量表评估患者的运动和平衡功能,采用Barthel指数和简易精神状态检查（MMSE）量评价患者的生活能力和认知功能,采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评估患者的心理健康状况。 结果2组治疗前简化Fugl-Meyer运动功能、Berg平衡量表评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗后2组上述功能评分均较治疗前增高（P＜0.05）,且观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）。2组治疗前Barthel指数和MMSE评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗后2组评分均较治疗前增高（P＜0.05）,且观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）。2组治疗前SAS和SDS评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗后2组评分较治疗前降低（P＜0.05）,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）。 结论基于虚拟现实技术的功能锻炼可以显著改善脑出血后的老年患者神经功能康复情况,提高患者生存质量。     

虚拟现实技术训练对脑卒中患者上肢功能恢复的影响

目的：探讨虚拟现实技术训练对脑卒中患者上肢功能恢复的影响。方法选取脑卒中患者34例,根据Mini -mize软件随机分为试验组和对照组各17例,均接受为期4周的康复治疗,试验组在此基础上加用虚拟现实技术训练,根据康复治疗前后的Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能和Barthel指数的评定结果,比较两组患者上肢功能和日常生活能力的改变。结果两组患者治疗后的Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能和Barthel指数较治疗前均有提高,试验组的功能改善程度明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论虚拟现实技术训练对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力有较好的改善。     

The effect of Tai Chi exercise on motor function and sleep quality in patients with stroke: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe meta-analysis is to objectively evaluate the efficacy of Tai Chi exercise for motor function and sleep quality in patients with stroke.MethodsRandomized controlled trials(RCTs) about the effects of Tai Chi versus a non-exercise or conventional rehabilitation exercise control group on motor function and sleep quality in patients with stroke were searched from multiple electronic databases(PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, AMED, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP) until August 2016. Two investigators independently screened eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality by using the quality evaluation criteria for RCTs recommended by Cochrane Handbook. Then meta-analysis was performed by RevMan5.3 software.ResultsA total of 17 RCTs with 1209 participants were included. The meta-analysis indicated that there was a significant difference on improving the balance function(P < 0.001) and ability of daily activity (P = 0.0003) of patients with stroke between Tai Chi group and control group. However, no significant effect was found on Tai Chi for walking function and sleep quality(P > 0.05).ConclusionTai Chi exercise can significantly improve the balance function and ability of daily activities of patients with stroke, and there are no significant differences in walking function and sleep quality. Therefore, lots of multicenter, large-sample, higher quality randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the effects of Tai Chi exercise in improving walking function and sleep quality for patients with stroke.     

运动训练对肝硬化患者运动功能的疗效观察

目的:观察运动训练对肝硬化患者运动功能的影响。方法:将20例肝硬化患者随机分为运动组和常规组各10例,均接受常规药物治疗,运动组在此基础上给予8周的适度运动训练。分别在治疗前后采用超声下股四头肌的厚度评估肌肉质量,等速肌力测试评估伸膝肌力,6min步行距离(6MWD)评估运动能力,同时采用慢性肝病调查问卷(CLDQ)评估健康相关生活质量(HRQoL),监测运动前后肝硬化严重程度及血液指标变化。结果:干预后运动组患者的6MWD、股四头肌的厚度、伸膝肌力、CLDQ评估中乏力、活动2项评分较治疗前及常规组比较均有显著提高(P0.05)。结论:适度的运动训练可提高肝硬化患者的运动功能,提高健康相关生活质量。     

Immediate effect of video viewing with an illusion of walking at a faster speed using virtual reality on actual walking of stroke patients

[Purpose] The objective of this study was to provide cerebral stroke patients with virtual reality videos of gait occurring at a faster speed than their actual measured gait speed and ascertain the effect on generating errors of gait. [Participants and Methods] The participants were 12 stroke patients. They were given a 2-minute virtual reality presentation of gait occurring at a speed faster than their actual measured comfortable walking speed. Immediately following the presentation, their 10-m walking speed was measured again to observe the immediate effect of the intervention, after which the time required to walk at maximum gait speed was measured. Stride length, cadence, and walking speed before and after the intervention were compared. In addition, heard an immersive feeling. [Results] At a comfortable walking speed, the cadence improved significantly post-intervention. Walking speed and stride length also tended to increase. At the maximum walking speed, there were no significant differences in any parameter. There was no problem with the immersive feeling. [Conclusion] After watching virtual reality videos of gait at a speed faster than the patients’ actual gait speed, their walking speed tended to increase in comfortable walking. It was speculated that this technique could be applied to walking training, depending on the device.     

悬吊训练治疗脑卒中患者平衡功能障碍的临床研究

目的: 观察悬吊训练（SET）对脑卒中患者平衡功能恢复的影响。方法: 脑卒中平衡功能障碍患者40例,随机分为对照组和观察组各20例,2组均接受常规康复训练,在此基础上,观察组加以悬吊训练。治疗前和治疗4周后采用Berg平衡量表（BBS）、Barthel指数（BI）以及采集竖脊肌表面肌电平均肌电值（AEMG）和中位频率值（MF）对2组患者进行评定。结果: 治疗4周后,2组BBS、BI评分均明显高于治疗前（均P<0.01）,且观察组以上评分均明显高于对照组（均P<0.05）。治疗前,2组患者AEMG、MF值组内比较健侧均明显高于患侧（均P<0.05）;治疗４周后,2组患者健患侧竖脊肌AEMG、MF值均较治疗前明显提高（均P<0.05）,观察组健患侧AEMG、MF值均较对照组明显提高（均P<0.05）,但观察组健患侧AEMG、MF值之间无统计学差异。结论: SET能够改善脑卒中患者的竖脊肌AEMG、MF值及BBS和BI评分,提高脑卒中患者躯干肌肉运动功能,从而提高平衡功能以及日常生活活动能力,值得在临床推广应用。     

不同频率悬吊强化训练对脑卒中患者的疗效研究

目的探讨不同频率悬吊强化训练对脑卒中患者躯干控制平衡和后期步行生活能力研究。方法将符合纳排标准90例于2018年1月至2018年12月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院康复医学科住院治疗的脑卒中患者在常规训练基础上接受悬吊训练,行前瞻性研究,并按照随机数字法均分为1次/d低频组,2次/d中频组,3次/d高频组;20 min/次,共训练3个月。1、2、3个月后分别对3组患者采用躯干控制测试(trunk control test,TCT)、Berg平衡量表(berg balance scale,BBS)、Holden功能性步行分级(functional ambulation classification,FAC)、改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)评定。结果低、中、高频组患者治疗后较治疗前TCT、BBS、FAC与MBI差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗1个月与2个月低、中、高频组TCT分别为(36.21±6.31)、(42.51±4.33)、(49.52±4.90)分与(41.23±6.31)、(50.32±8.32)、(58.12±7.23)分,BBS分别为(15.11±4.31)、(19.69±5.86)、(24.56±8.74)分与(21.43±5.37)、(27.61±7.50)、(33.81±6.99)分,较治疗前[(23.46±12.80)、(24.69±9.33)、(22.84±10.11)分与(9.32±3.11)、(9.504.10)、(9.47±3.73)]均明显改善,且高频组较中频组与低频组、中频组较低频组差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),但训练3个月3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低、中、高频组患者在训练1个月时FAC与MBI差异均无统计学意义,但训练2个月与3个月FAC[(1.84±0.41)、(2.39±0.44)、(3.29±0.33)分与(2.74±0.77)、(3.63±0.56)、(4.50±0.43)分]与MBI[(27.32±9.33)、(34.45±9.21)、(44.77±10.27)分与(41.33±11.21)、(52.73±12.31)、(75.94±13.22)分]差异有统计学意义,且高频组较中频组与低频组、中频组较低频组差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论1 d多次悬吊训练可以进一步提高脑卒中患者人躯干控制平衡和步行生活能力,缩短病程。     

稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺康复下肢运动训练处方的研究

目的 观察下肢运动训练对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的肺功能、运动耐力及运动心肺功能的影响,同时对肺康复中运动训练的方式、强度、频度等的设定进行探索,为制定出适合中国COPD患者的肺康复运动处方提供依据.方法 选择稳定期COPD患者29例,随机分为对照组10例,训练组19例.对照组接受常规的内科药物治疗,维持日常活动量;训练组除接受常规内科药物治疗外,还接受为期8周,每周2次,每次40 min的下肢运动训练.训练方式采用下肢功率踏车训练,初始训练强度为70%最大运动负荷(WRmax),当患者能够连续2次完成预设的训练强度和时间时,以10% WRmax的梯度增加训练负荷作为下一个训练强度直至8周末.结果 经过8周的下肢运动训练,训练组患者的运动耐力指标6 min步行距离(6MWD)较训练前平均增加(45.3±27.3)m(P<0.05),WRmax增加(10.8±6.9)watt,峰值摄氧量(VO2 Peak)增加(158.9±137.3)ml/min,VO2/kg增加(2.6±2.6)ml·min-1·kg-1,无氧阈(AT)增加(93.1±91.2)ml/min,差值均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);通气指标二氧化碳生成量(VCO2)增加(102.6±177.9)ml/min(P<0.05),分钟通气量(VE)增加(5.3±4.9)L/min(P<0.01);心功能指标最大氧脉(O2 pulse)和最大心率(HRmax)较对照组显著提高(P<0.05);静态肺功能指标于训练前后未见明显变化.同时,对照组上述各组指标在8周前后均无明显变化.结论 下肢高强度运动训练可以提高稳定期COPD患者的运动耐力,改善患者在运动中的通气功能和心功能,但是对静态肺功能无明显改善作用;下肢功率踏车训练,为期8周,每周2次,每次40 min,以70% WRmax作为起始训练强度,在能连续2次完成规定的训练强度和时间的前提下,以10% WRmax为梯度递增训练强度直至8周末,这一肺康复下肢运动训练处方对于中重度COPD患者来说安全、可行,值得推广.     

虚拟现实技术对小脑卒中患者静态平衡功能及稳定极限范围的影响

目的:观察虚拟现实技术(VR)对小脑卒中患者静态平衡功能及稳定极限范围的影响。方法:小脑卒中患者71例随机分为观察组36例和对照组35例,观察组接受VR游戏训练,对照组接受常规平衡训练。分别于训练前、训练4周后采用平衡测试仪对所有患者的身体压力中心移动面积和稳定极限进行测量。结果:治疗4周后,2组患者在睁眼和闭眼条件下的摆动有效面积、摆动路径长度、平均摆动速度值与治疗前比较均显著下降(均P0.05);2组间比较,在睁眼和闭眼条件下的平均摆动速度值无显著差异,但观察组摆动有效面积、摆动路径长度值下降更为显著(均P0.05)。治疗后,2组治LOS值均较治疗前显著提高(均P0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:基于VR的平衡训练较常规的平衡训练能更有效地改善小脑卒中患者的静态平衡功能和稳定极限范围。     

脑卒中患者应用康复程序的效果和卫生经济学评价

目的探讨三级康复方案的应用对急性脑卒中患者生理功能、生存质量的影响及卫生经济学评价,为脑血管病的康复制定最佳策略。方法将42例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分成康复组和对照组。2组患者急性期(21d内)均进行早期康复治疗,恢复期康复组于康复机构康复治疗2个月后,再到社区或家庭康复治疗3个月,对照组自行在家练习。分别采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定(FMA)、改良巴氏指数(MBI)、SF-36量表来评定疗效。采用成本-效果分析及增量分析进行卫生经济学评价。结果①脑卒中急性期(21d内),康复组与对照组患者的NIHSS、FMA及MBI的改善程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而恢复期(21d后~6个月)的各个阶段,康复组明显优于对照组(P<0.01);②在康复后6个月及2年随访时,康复组的生存质量各个维度明显改善,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③康复组患者NIHSS评分每减少1分、FMA及MBI评分每提高1分需分别花费人民币2412.5元、442.0元和332.1元,而对照组则需分别花费3285.4元、637.8元和447.5元。结论三级康复方案对脑卒中患者功能恢复具有良好的促进作用,可提高患者生存质量,而且更为经济。     

3D augmented reality mirror visual feedback therapy applied to the treatment of persistent,unilateral upper extremity neuropathic pain: a preliminary study

Objective: We assessed whether or not pain relief could be achieved with a new system that combines 3D augmented reality system (3DARS) and the principles of mirror visual feedback.

Methods: Twenty-two patients between 18 and 75 years of age who suffered of chronic neuropathic pain. Each patient performed five 3DARS sessions treatment of 20 mins spread over a period of one week. The following pain parameters were assessed: (1) visual analogic scale after each treatment session (2) McGill pain scale and DN4 questionnaire were completed before the first session and 24 h after the last session.

Results: The mean improvement of VAS per session was 29% (p < 0.001). There was an immediate session effect demonstrating a systematic improvement in pain between the beginning and the end of each session. We noted that this pain reduction was partially preserved until the next session. If we compare the pain level at baseline and 24 h after the last session, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) of pain of 37%. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) on the McGill Pain Questionnaire and DN4 questionnaire (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Our results indicate that 3DARS induced a significant pain decrease for patients who presented chronic neuropathic pain in a unilateral upper extremity. While further research is necessary before definitive conclusions can be drawn, clinicians could implement the approach as a preparatory adjunct for providing temporary pain relief aimed at enhancing chronic pain patients’ tolerance of manual therapy and exercise intervention.

Level of Evidence: 4.     

虚拟现实技术在脑卒中患者上肢功能康复中的应用进展

脑卒中后上肢功能障碍的发生率较高,恢复困难,严重影响患者生活能力和质量,随着虚拟现实技术的发展和成熟,这项技术渗透到了越来越多的领域,特别是在康复医学领域发挥了巨大的作用。本文主要综述虚拟现实技术在脑卒中患者上肢功能康复方面的应用进展,发现虚拟现实技术可以改善脑卒中后患者的上肢功能,如关节活动度和运动精准性,可以提高患者上肢的功能,改善生活质量。     

Effect of a virtual reality exercise program accompanied by cognitive tasks on the balance and gait of stroke patients

[Purpose] This study aimed to assess the effect of a virtual reality exercise program accompanied by cognitive tasks on the balance and gait of stroke patients. [Subjects] Twenty stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups 10 to an experimental group that performed a virtual reality exercise program accompanied by cognitive tasks and 10 to a control group. The control group performed a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise program. Balance was measured with the Berg Balance Scale. Gait was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test. The paired t-test was used to compare groups before and after the experiment. The independent t-test was conducted to assess differences in the degree of change between the two groups before and after the experiment. [Results] Within-group comparison in the experimental group showed significant differences in the Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go Test. In a comparison between groups, the differences in the Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go Test in the experimental group appeared significant compared with the control group. [Conclusion] The results of the experiment indicate that a virtual reality exercise program accompanied by cognitive tasks has a positive effect on the balance and gait of stroke patients.Key words: Virtual reality exercise program accompanied by cognitive tasks, Balance, Gait     

悬吊运动联合姿势控制训练对亚急性期脑卒中患者运动功能的影响

目的:观察悬吊系列运动联合姿势控制训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者运动功能的影响。方法:将100例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分成观察组和对照组各50例,2组均接受常规康复训练,包括肌力训练、神经发育疗法、本体神经肌肉促进技术、平衡训练等,观察组在此基础上增加悬吊系列运动以及姿势控制训练。分别于治疗前和治疗后,采用Sheikh评定量表、Holden步行功能分级(FAC)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)、简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表(FMA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)进行评估。结果:治疗6周后,2组Sheikh、MBI、BBS、FAC和FMA评分均较治疗前明显提高(均P0.05),且观察组高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:以悬吊系列运动和姿势控制训练为基础的核心肌群控制训练可促进亚急性期脑卒中偏瘫患者的运动功能的恢复。     

虚拟现实技术联合下肢康复机器人训练对缺血性脑卒中患者下肢功能及平衡能力影响的研究

目的:探讨虚拟现实技术联合下肢康复机器人训练对缺血性脑卒中患者下肢功能及平衡能力的影响。方法:收集60例缺血性脑卒中下肢功能障碍患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各30例,对照组进行常规康复训练和Lokomat下肢机器人训练,观察组在此基础上再联合虚拟现实技术,治疗前和治疗4周后分别对2组患者进行Berg平衡量表(BBS)、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能量表(FMA-LE)、功能性步行量表(FAC)评定。结果:治疗4周后,2组患者BBS和FMA-LE评分较治疗前均明显提高(均P<0.01),且观察组以上评分均更高于对照组(均P<0.05);2组患者FAC分级较治疗前均明显改善(均P<0.01),且观察组分级较对照组改善更显著(P<0.05)。结论:虚拟现实技术联合下肢康复机器人训练能改善缺血性脑卒中患者的下肢功能及平衡能力。