经腋乳入路机器人与腔镜甲状腺切除术近期 疗效的对比研究

目的:探讨经腋下双侧乳晕径路行机器人甲状腺切除术的可行性及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2017年9月至2018年4月行甲状腺切除术的87例患者的临床资料,其中40例行腔镜甲状腺切除术(腔镜组),47例行机器人甲状腺切除术(机器人组)。对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、引流时间、术后住院时间、并发症等相关指标。结果:机器人组手术时间[(121.3±27.3)min vs.(136.1±23.9)min,t=-2.650,P=0.011]短于腔镜组,术中出血量[(14.2±7.9)mL vs.(18.8±12.0)mL,t=-2.138,P=0.035]少于腔镜组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组术后引流总量、引流时间、术后住院时间、并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:达芬奇机器人甲状腺切除术安全、可行,美容效果令人满意,具有良好的应用前景,是可供选择的甲状腺切除术式。     

机器人辅助甲状腺切除术和腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗cN0期分化型甲状腺癌的有效性、安全性Meta分析

目的：评价机器人甲状腺切除术（robotic thyroidectomy,RT）与腔镜甲状腺切除术手术（endoscopic thyroidectomy,ET）联合中央区淋巴结清扫术治疗淋巴结阴性甲状腺恶性肿瘤的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索 PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、Wan Fang Data、CBM、CNKI,查找有关 RT 与 ET 治疗淋巴结阴性高分化甲状腺恶性肿瘤（ DTC）的随机或非随机同期对照试验,检索时限截止到2015年12月。由2位评价员按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用 RevMan 5.2软件进行 Meta 分析。结果最终纳入6个研究,共计4614例患者。Meta 分析结果显示：与 ET 组比较,RT 组比住院时长比较差异有统计学意义[MD =-0.08,95% CI（-0.06,-0.01）,P =0.03],中央区淋巴结清扫数目比较,其差异有统计学意义[MD =0.58,95% CI（0.25,0.92）,P <0.05],在术后积液,短暂性低钙血症,永久性低钙血症,短暂性喉返神经麻痹,永久性喉返神经损伤、乳糜漏比较差异无统计学意义。结论机器人甲状腺切除术作为新型手术方式,具有独特优势,术后并发症并不高于腔镜甲状腺手术。     

达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术

达芬奇机器人手术系统是目前微创手术的新趋势,该系统在甲状腺手术上的应用目前也正在开展过程中.笔者对达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术的器械、操作进行介绍,并且与传统手术及腔镜手术进行比较,希望提供甲状腺手术的新思路.     

扶镜机器人在经胸乳径路甲状腺良性疾病手术中的应用

背景与目的 扶镜机器人是一种机器人辅助镜头支架,手术者可通过操纵杆控制腔镜镜头,提供精确的,稳定的手术视野,同时可以减少1名手术者,非常有利于腔镜甲状腺手术这种空间狭小,操作精细的手术。本研究探讨扶镜机器人在腔镜经胸乳径路甲状腺手术中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析蚌埠医学院第二附属医院普外科2019年1月—2020年12月间80例接受经胸乳径路甲状腺手术的甲状腺良性疾病患者临床资料。其中42例采用机器人扶镜（观察组）,38例采用人工扶镜（对照组）,比较两组患者的临床指标和实施两组手术的同一组主刀医生主观感受。结果 两组患者在年龄、性别、BMI、肿瘤直径、手术方式、病理等一般资料均无明显差异（均P>0.05）。两组患者手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术,无机器人转为人工扶镜。观察组较对照组手术时间明显缩短（P<0.05）。两组在术中出血量、术后引流量、引流时间、术后住院天数、住院费用和手术并发症发生率方面差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。两组患者均无严重术后并发症发生。手术医生主观感受问卷调查结果显示,在视野精准度和视野稳定性方面以及术中操作感方面观察组明显高于对照组（均P<0.05）,在视觉疲劳度方面两组之间无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 使用扶镜机器人在甲状腺良性疾病手术中是安全可行的,与人工扶镜相比,术中操作复杂程度有所增加,但减少了手术人员,缩短了手术时间,为手术者提供了更准确、更稳定的视野,提高了手术效率。     

Gasless transaxillary robotic versus endoscopic thyroidectomy: exploring the frontiers of scarless thyroidectomy through a preliminary comparison study

Background

Robot-assisted thyroidectomy has been associated with lengthy operative times due to fussy robot preparation and docking maneuvers. The authors propose an endoscopic transaxillary approach using a novel platform, comparing its results with those of the former approach.

Methods

Eight patients (6 females and 2 males; mean age, 38.8?years) with a favorable body habitus (mean body mass index [BMI], 23.4?kg/m²) underwent robot-assisted thyroidectomy through a gasless transaxillary approach using the da Vinci S system. Another four female patients (mean age, 31?years) underwent an endoscopic procedure. The patients’ demographic data, operative time, complications, hospital stay, postoperative visual analog pain score (VAPS), and costs were compared.

Results

Three lobectomies, two near-total thyroidectomies, two total thyroidectomies, and one total thyroidectomy with lateral lymph node dissection were performed in the robotic group. Two lobectomies and two near total thyroidectomies were performed in the endoscopic group. The mean diameter of the largest nodule in the robotic series was 26.5?mm compared with 42.5?mm in the endoscopic group. The mean total operative time was 211?min for the robotic series compared with 160?min for the endoscopic series. There was one temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in the robotic group. Two patients in the robotic group exhibited transient symptomatic hypocalcemia compared with one patient in the endoscopic group. Hypoesthesia in the flap dissection area was experienced by three patients in the robotic group and two patients of the endoscopic group. The mean hospital stay was 1.5?days (range 1–3?days) in both groups. The postoperative VAPS also was similar in the two groups (3.1 vs 2.8). The cost was significantly less for the endoscopic approach.

Conclusions

The preliminary comparison in this study shows that both approaches are safe and feasible, with similar results. They also afford an excellent view of the critical neck anatomy that allows precise tissue handling and dissection. However, the endoscopic approach results in a significantly faster and more convenient thyroidectomy.     

内镜甲状腺切除术应把握的几个问题

甲状腺是人体内重要的内分泌腺，功能复杂，病种多样且高发，甲状腺手术是普外科常见的手术之一。由于颈部瘢痕有碍美观，妨碍了大部分患者对手术的满意度，影响了部分患者的依从性，延误病情。随着内镜技术的进步，内镜甲状腺手术也得到了飞速的发展。     

Neuromonitoring and video-assisted thyroidectomy: a prospective, randomized case-control evaluation

Introduction  This study evaluates the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT) with emphasis given to the identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN). Methods  The study was based on a prospectively randomized series comprising 72 standard VAT gasless approaches. In the control group (N = 36), the laryngeal nerves were identified by 30° 5-mm endoscope magnification solely. The standard technique of the IONM group (N = 36) consisted of localizing and monitoring EBSLN, both vagus and RLNs, before and after thyroid resection to prove nerve integrity. Surgical outcomes were mean operative time, nerve representation, incision length, and morbidity. Results  All procedures were performed successfully. There were no instances of equipment malfunction or interference. No permanent complications occurred in either group. The incidences of temporary RLN injury were 2.7% (1 patient) and 8.3% (3 patients) in the IONM and control group, respectively. The EBSLN was identified better in the IONM group: 83.6% versus 42% (p < 0.05). In the IONM group, a negative electromyography (EMG) response indicated an altered function of RLN and stage thyroidectomy was scheduled. Conclusions  This is the first VAT series with a standardized IONM technique. The technical feasibility and safety of IONM in selected patients seem acceptable. Neuromonitoring during VAT is effective in providing identification and function of laryngeal nerves. IONM enables surgeons to feel more comfortable with their approach to VAT. A reduction of rates for postoperative complications could not be demonstrated in the present study. Larger series are needed for further evaluation.     

Video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy

BACKGROUND: Several experimental and clinical reports concerning endoscopic parathyroid surgery have appeared. However, reports concerning minimally invasive surgery for thyroid remains rare. Herein we present a new method, called video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (VAET), for the management of various benign thyroid diseases. METHODS: In all, 16 consecutive patients who underwent VAET for benign thyroid diseases were retrospectively studied. The study group included nodular hyperplasia in 8 patients, follicular adenoma in 6, and Hurthle's tumor and simple cyst in 1 each. A 2 to 3 cm transverse incision was made on the suprasternal notch. The wound was deepened to expose the underlying trachea from which the plane of the thyroid fascia was accessed directly, and the working space was established with lifting method using conventional instrument. All surgical procedures could be manipulated and monitored under laparoscopy without gas insufflation. The ultrasonically activated scalpel was the principal instrument used for VAET. RESULTS: All 16 patients underwent VAET successfully without conversion to open thyroidectomy. The surgical procedures included lobectomy in 13 and extirpation in 3. The operation time ranged from 28 minutes to 5 hours (mean 1 hour, 42 minutes). For the 5 most recent cases, lobectomy took an average of 2 hours, whereas extirpation less than 40 minutes. The tumor size ranged from 3.5 cm to 8.0 cm (mean 5.8 cm). There were no surgical complications. All patients but 1 were discharged on postoperative day 2. During follow-up, all patients demonstrated euthyroid function and satisfactory cosmetic results. CONCLUSIONS: VAET emerges as a promising minimally invasive surgical technique replacing conventional thyroidectomy for benign thyroid diseases in selected cases, with the advantage of satisfactory cosmetic results.     

Total endoscopic thyroidectomy

We have developed endoscopic thyroidectomy procedures using anterior chest and axillary approaches. Both of our procedures differ significantly from the usual thyroidectomy, which involves lifting both the platysma and the sternohyoid muscle. Because only the platysma is lifted during our procedures, a CO(2) insufflation pressure of less than 4 mmHg is sufficient. While the sternohyoid muscle is transected to obtain greater exposure of the thyroid gland in minimally invasive procedures in the neck, we do not divide it so as to prevent adhesions to the platysma, unless the nodule is large. As we accumulated experience with these procedures in 58 patients, typical operation time decreased to less than 120 minutes for the anterior approach and to less than 150 minutes for the axillary approach. Large follicular tumours can be extracted using the axillary approach, with all of its cosmetic advantages, whereas the anterior chest approach is advocated for removal of bilateral multinodular goitres and parathyroid lesions. Both approaches result in minimal postoperative hypoaesthesia, paraesthesia, and discomfort during swallowing. We conclude that endoscopic neck surgery is the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with thyroid disease.     

腔镜辅助下与全腔镜甲状腺切除术的对比分析

目的:对比腔镜辅助下(video-assisted thyroidectomy,VAT)与全腔镜甲状腺切除术(total en-doscopic thyroidectomy,TET)的手术特点.方法:回顾性分析行胸骨切迹上径路颈部小切口VAT 65例和胸前壁径路TET 59例的临床资料.比较2种术式的手术时间、术中失血量、疼痛评分、术后住院时间、并发症和复发率.结果:120例手术成功,4例(VAT和TET组各2例)中转开放手术.VAT组和TET组手术时间分别为(44.15±12.11)min和(115.42±28.36)min,术中失血量分别为(9.54±4.21)mL和(20.68±7.40)mL,疼痛评分分别为3.62±0.93和5.37±0.90,术后住院时间分别为(3.31±0.86)d和(5.31±0.79)d,术后并发症发生率分别为1.54%和15.25%,2组差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05).2组术后均无继发出血、永久性声嘶、低血钙等并发症.随访3～37个月,平均17.17个月,复发3例,其中VAT组1例,TET组2例,两组复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:2种腔镜手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤均安全有效.与TET相比,VAT技术难度较低,并发症较少,并具有创伤小、恢复快、术后疼痛轻等优点,是可选择的手术方式之一.