CT导向下骨骼穿刺活检

目的：探讨CT导向下骨骼穿刺活检的方法，安全性及准确率，资料与方法：38例骨骼病变患者，脊柱16例，其他22例，分别在CT导向下行抽吸，切割或同轴式活检。结果：穿刺成功率为100％，准确率为92％，无严重并发症发生。结论：CＴ导向下骨骼穿刺活检安全有效，尤其对于脊柱等特殊部位应予采用。     

CT-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy of Intrathoracic Lesions

Percutaneous CT-guided needle biopsy of mediastinal and pulmonary lesions is a minimally invasive approach for obtaining tissue for histopathological examination. Although it is a widely accepted procedure with relatively few complications, precise planning and detailed knowledge of various aspects of the biopsy procedure is mandatory to avert complications. In this pictorial review, we reviewed important anatomical approaches, technical aspects of the procedure, and its associated complications.     

Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Transvenous Biopsy of Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes: Diagnostic Accuracy and Safety Compared with CT-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy

PurposeTo compare the diagnostic accuracy and adverse event rates of intravascular ultrasound (US)-guided transvenous biopsy (TVB) versus those of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) for retroperitoneal (RP) lymph nodes.Materials and MethodsIn this single-institution, retrospective study, 32 intravascular US-guided TVB procedures and a sample of 34 CT-guided PNB procedures for RP lymph nodes where targets were deemed amenable to intravascular US-guided TVB were analyzed. Procedural metrics, including diagnostic accuracy, defined as diagnostic of malignancy or a clinically verifiable benign result, and adverse event rates were compared.ResultsThe targets of intravascular US-guided TVB were primarily aortocaval (47%, 15/32) or precaval (34%, 11/32), whereas those of CT-guided PNB were primarily right pericaval (44%, 15/34) or retrocaval (44%, 15/34) (P < .001). The targets of intravascular US-guided TVB averaged 2.4 cm in the long axis (range, 1.3–3.7 cm) compared with 2.9 cm (range, 1.4–5.7 cm) for those of CT-guided PNB (P = .02). There was no difference in the average number of needle passes (3.8 for intravascular US-guided TVB vs 3.9 for CT-guided PNB; P = .68). The diagnostic accuracy was 94% (30/32) and the adverse event rate was 3.1% (1/32) for intravascular US-guided TVB, similar to those of CT-guided PNB (accuracy, 91% [31/34]; adverse event rate, 2.9% [1/34]).ConclusionsIntravascular US-guided TVB had a diagnostic accuracy and adverse event rate similar to CT-guided PNB for RP lymph nodes, indicating that intravascular US-guided TVB may be as safe and effective as conventional biopsy approaches for appropriately selected targets.     

骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变CT导向经皮穿刺活组织检查

目的：初步探讨骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变ＣＴ导向穿刺活组织检查的技术方法和临床应用价值。材料和方法：２９例均行常规Ｘ线摄片和ＣＴ扫描，在ＣＴ导向下采取四种穿刺活检方法，自动活检枪穿刺１４例，细针穿刺抽吸４例，咬骨针穿刺钻取病理组织４例，采用联合方法７例。结果：所以病例穿刺成功，未发生严重并发症。Ｘ线摄片、ＣＴ和穿刺活检鉴别良恶性病灶的准确率分别为６２１％、６５５％和９６６％。Ｘ线摄片、ＣＴ和穿刺活检组织学定性诊断准确率分别为４４８％、４８３％和９３１％。结论：骨骼系统ＣＴ导向穿刺活检是一种快捷、方便和安全的检查方法，灵活地应用不同的活检方法可进一步提高活检的成功率和准确率。     

CT导引下经皮胸腹肿块穿刺活检

目的　总结CT导引下经皮胸腹肿块穿刺活检的应用及技术。方法　经皮穿刺活检 10 7例胸腹肿块 ,其中胸部病变 81例 ,腹部病变 2 6例。采用 18～ 2 0G福新针或 18G同轴自动切割针 ,常规选择“垂直床面进针”、“水平床面进针”或“垂直体廓一侧进针”的进针角度。结果　一次穿刺成功率 10 0 % ,总确诊率 92 .5 %。胸部并发症发生率 11.11% ,腹部未发现明显并发症。结论　CT导引下经皮胸腹肿块穿刺活检技术简单实用 ,准确度高 ,并发症少 ,运用时应强调有明确参照物的进针角度及针具的选择     

CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在脊柱病变中的应用价值

目的:评价CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在脊柱病变中的诊断价值.方法:CT引导下经皮穿刺活栓脊柱病变116例,局麻下操作,经侧方及后外侧进针.结果:116例穿刺活检成功,108例获得病理诊断,占93.1%;8例穿刺未取得或取得的病理组织不足,占6.9%.116例均有手术病理结果,其中110例穿刺结果和手术结果相符,6例不相符,其组织学定性准确率为94.8%.结论:CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在脊柱病变中的应用安全可靠,并发症少,可得到明确的病理诊断.     

Feasibility of CT-Guided Percutaneous Needle Biopsy in Early Diagnosis of BOOP

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a nonneoplastic, noninfectious lung disease with a diverse spectrum of imaging abnormalities and nonspecific symptoms diagnosed by open lung biopsy, transbroncial biopsy, and/or video-assisted thoracoscopy. The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess the role of percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy in early diagnosis of the disorder. Fourteen BOOP cases diagnosed by CT-guided biopsy were analyzed in terms of imaging abnormalities and complication rate. All had previously undergone a nondiagnostic procedure (bronchoscopy, transbronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage) to exclude infection or lung cancer. The most common imaging abnormalities in descending order were bilateral consolidations (5/14), unilateral tumor-like lesions (5/14), unilateral consolidations (3/14), and diffuse reticular pattern (1/14). Coexistent abnormalities (pleural effusions, nodules, ground-glass opacities) were observed in five patients. The complication rate was 4 of 14 (28.6%), including 2 cases of subclinical pneumothorax and 1 case of minor hemoptysis and local lung injury. None required intervention. We conclude that transthoracic CT-guided biopsy may be used in the diagnosis of BOOP in selected patients with mild complications. For the focal consolidation nodule/mass imaging pattern, CT-guided biopsy may prove to be a reasonable alternative to more invasive procedures.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在骨骼病变中的应用价值

目的：评价CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在骨骼病变中的诊断价值。方法：对108例骨骼病变行CT引导下活检,每例常规取材2～3次,其中62例病灶区域灶周硬化明显者采用Ackermann骨钻针,35例破坏灶或有明显骨皮质薄弱区者采用切割式活检针,11例有明显灶区液化者采用抽吸式活橙针。结果：108例中102例获得病理诊断,穿刺活检取材阳性率为94．3％,其中97例穿刺结果与手术病理结果相符、5例不相符,其组织学定性诊断符合率为95．0％。6例假阴性者包括4例增生硬化性病灶、2例为液化灶。结论：CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在骨骼病变中的应用安全可靠,并发症少,可得到准确的病理诊断。     

Cone-Beam CT-Guided Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Lung Biopsy of Juxtaphrenic Lesions: Diagnostic Accuracy and Complications

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic accuracy and complications of cone-beam CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) of juxtaphrenic lesions and identify the risk factors for diagnostic failure and complications.Materials and MethodsIn total, 336 PTNB procedures for lung lesions (mean size ± standard deviation [SD], 4.3 ± 2.3 cm) abutting the diaphragm in 326 patients (189 male and 137 female; mean age ± SD, 65.2 ± 11.4 years) performed between January 2010 and December 2014 were included. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the PTNB procedures for the diagnosis of malignancy were measured based on the intention-to-diagnose principle. The risk factors for diagnostic failures and complications were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 92.7% (293/316), 91.3% (219/240), 91.4% (74/81), 96.9% (219/226), and 77.9% (74/95), respectively. There were 23 diagnostic failures (7.3%), and lesion sizes ≤ 2 cm (p = 0.045) were the only significant risk factors for diagnostic failure. Complications occurred in 98 cases (29.2%), including 89 cases of pneumothorax (26.5%) and 7 cases of hemoptysis (2.1%). The multivariable analysis showed that old age (> 65 years) (p = 0.002), lesion size of ≤ 2 cm (p = 0.003), emphysema (p = 0.006), and distance from the pleura to the target lesion (> 2 cm) (p = 0.010) were significant risk factors for complications.ConclusionThe diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam CT-guided PTNB of juxtaphrenic lesions for malignancy was fairly high, and the target lesion size was the only significant predictor of diagnostic failure. Complications of cone-beam CT-guided PTNB of juxtaphrenic lesions occurred at a reasonable rate.     

Safety of CT-Guided Bone Marrow Biopsy in Thrombocytopenic Patients: A Retrospective Review

Purpose

To test the hypothesis that computed tomography (CT)-guided bone marrow biopsy in patients with a platelet count between 20,000/uL and 50,000/uL is safe and that preprocedure platelet transfusion is unnecessary.

CT引导下骨穿刺活检

目的:探讨CT引导下活检在骨骼病变中的临床应用价值.材料和方法:对70例患者在CT引导下行骨穿刺活检,采用Akerman骨钻针、Qc弹道式活检枪和Chib针.结果:穿刺准确率100%,活检诊断总正确率90%,未出现严重并发症.结论:CT引导下骨穿刺活检是一种安全、准确和有效的方法,可为临床治疗提供必要的依据.根据病变类型选用不同活检针以及有关科室配合,可提高活检成功率.     

CT导向经胸穿刺活检108例报告

CT导向经胸穿刺活检108例;纵隔,肺门36例,周围肺野66例,胸膜6例。经手术证实和临床随访,恶性肿瘤的穿刺活检正确率为96％、良性肿瘤为54.5％、非肿瘤性病变为36.4％。4例并发症:2例气胸、2例轻微出血。无空气栓塞及肿瘤扩张。本文讨论了CT导向与电视监视,超声导向的比较,认为CT导向对深部小病灶以及组织结构重叠部位病灶比电视监视、超声导向为好。另外也分析了穿刺针与并发症的关系以及产生并发症的其它因素。并且评价了CT导向穿刺活检在临床诊断的作用。     

Percutaneous CT-Guided Core Needle Biopsy Versus Fine Needle Aspiration in Diagnosing Pneumonia and Mimics of Pneumonia

The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) relative to fine needle aspiration (FNA) in patients with pneumonia and pneumonia mimics. In this prospective study we present our experience with 48 thoracic FNAs and CNBs carried out on 48 patients with pneumonia and pneumonia mimics. Samples were obtained from all patients using both CNB (with an automated 18-G core biopsy needle and a gun) and FNA (with a 22-G needle). A specific diagnosis was made in 10/48 cases (20.83%) by FNA and in 42/48 (87.5%) by CNB. The main complications encountered were pneumothorax (n = 4) and hemoptysis (n = 2), yielding a total complication rate of 12.5%. We concluded that CNB using an automated biopsy gun results in a higher diagnostic accuracy for pneumonia and pneumonia mimic biopsies than FNA. Complications should be considered and proper patient observation should follow the procedure.     

弹簧活检枪在胸部肿块活检中的应用

目的 :探讨应用弹簧活检枪行胸部肿块CT引导下穿刺活检的临床价值。材料和方法 :使用 15～ 18G弹簧活检枪在CT引导下对 42例胸部肿块 (肺 3 4例、纵隔 8例 )行穿刺活检术 ,标本行组织学、细胞学检查 ,活检结果与手术及随访结果对照。结果 :活检枪活检总准确性为 90 .5 %。肺部肿块中恶性肿瘤 3 0例、良性病变 4例 ,肺癌假阴性 3例 ,无假阳性 ;纵隔肿块中恶性 8例 ,1例淋巴瘤穿刺物难以定性。并发症发生率 2 1.4% ,其中气胸 6例、针道区少量出血 3例 ,除 1例气胸行闭式引流外均无需处理。结论 :使用弹簧活检枪行CT引导下胸部肿块穿刺活检准确、安全 ,临床价值高。     

CT-Guided Percutaneous Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Inferior Vena Cava Wall: A Posterior Coaxial Approach

A 72-year-old man was referred to our department with an incidentally diagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma of the right upper lobe. Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed an unexpected hot spot in the ventral wall of the infrarenal segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Diagnostic biopsy of this lesion was performed under CT guidance with semiautomated 20G fine-needle aspiration (FNA) through a 19G coaxial needle. Cytology revealed few carcinoma cells, which led to the remarkable diagnosis of a distant metastasis to the IVC wall. Both the immediate postinterventional CT control and the further surveillance period of the patient were unremarkable; in particular, no signs of bleeding complications were detected. We conclude that coaxial FNA of an IVC wall lesion is technically feasible and may even help diagnose distant metastasis.     

Percutaneous CT-Guided Biopsy of the Lung: Comparison Between Aspiration and Automated Cutting Needles Using a Coaxial Technique

Purpose: To compare the accuracy and complication rate of two different CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy techniques: fine needle aspiration and an automated biopsy device. Methods: Two consecutive series of respectively 125 (group A) and 98 (group B) biopsies performed using 20–22 gauge coaxial fine needle aspiration (group A) and an automated 19.5 gauge coaxial biopsy device (group B) were compared in terms of their accuracy and complication rate. Results: Groups A and B included respectively 100 (80%) and 77 (79%) malignant lesions and 25 (20%) and 18 (21%) benign lesions. No significant difference was found between the two series concerning patients, lesions, and procedural variables. For a diagnosis of malignancy, a statistically significant difference in sensitivity was found (82.7% vs 97.4%) between results obtained with the automated biopsy device and fine needle aspiration respectively. For a diagnosis of malignancy, the false negative rate of the biopsy result was significantly higher (p <0.005) in group A (17%) than in group B (2.6%). For a specific diagnosis of benignity, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (44% vs 26%) but the automated biopsy device provided fewer indeterminate cases. There was no difference between the two groups concerning the pneumothorax rate, which was 20% in group A and 15% in group B, or the hemoptysis rate, which was 2.4% in group A and 4% in group B. Conclusion: For a diagnosis of malignancy when a cytopathologist is not available on-site, automated biopsy devices provide a lower rate of false negative results and a similar complication rate to fine needle aspiration.     

Comparison of CT-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy with and Without Registration of Prior PET/CT Images to Diagnose Mediastinal Tumors

Purpose

To compare computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsy with and without registration of prior positron emission tomography (PET)/CT images in the diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.

Methods

We performed clinically indicated percutaneous biopsy in 106 patients with mediastinal tumors in the anterior (n = 61), posterior (n = 21), middle (n = 16), and superior mediastinum (n = 8). The final diagnosis was based on surgical outcomes, or imaging findings and the results of at least 6-month follow-up. The patients underwent CT-guided percutaneous biopsy with (group 1, n = 56) or without (group 2, n = 50) registration of prior PET/CT images obtained no more than 22 days earlier. The registered images were used to plan the procedure and help target the tumors.

Results

CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy yielded adequate samples in 101 of 106 (95 %) patients (group 1, n = 53; group 2, n = 48); in 95 patients (94 %), the diagnosis was confirmed by specific histological typing (group 1, n = 51; group 2, n = 44). The diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous biopsy with and without the registration of prior PET/CT images was not statistically different (group 1, 96 %; group 2, 93 %, p = 0.324).

Conclusion

CT-guided percutaneous biopsy is an easy and safe procedure that can provide a precise diagnosis in the majority of mediastinal tumors. PET/CT-guided biopsy yielded no special diagnostic advantages.