Food habits,physical activity and overweight among adolescents

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide. Not only adults but also children and adolescents are involved. There are no recent data from French West Indies, where situation is believed to be worrying. Hence, the objective of the study was to provide information on the situation of adolescents, describing their nutritional status, food consumption and physical activity habits. METHODS: A sample of adolescents of both sexes, 14 to 15 years of age, was drawn among the 45 secondary schools of the Island. Of 993 adolescents drawn, 715 participated in the study which consisted in a questionnaire on their food and physical activity habits and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS: As a whole these adolescents displayed a greater growth rate than the WHO reference population. About 20% presented a body mass index (BMI) over the chosen thresholds for overweight and obesity. They were slightly more mature than the French Continental children (i. e. girls experienced menarche at 11.9 +/- 1.0 years of age versus 13 years in Metropolitan France). Their food habits were similar in structure and composition, to those of westernised countries, while retaining some features of the "Creole culture". Foods rich in animal fats and carbohydrates were prevailing. Girls ate less dairy products than boys (53% of the adolescent girls drank milk during breakfast against 64% of the boys). Almost every boy had a sport activity out of school, but girls were less often enrolled in sports. Sport activity decreased with age. There were no clear differences in physical activity levels between adolescents with high BMI or low BMI. CONCLUSIONS: There is an excess of overweight and obesity in this adolescent population. These conditions may have appeared soon during childhood and be hardly modified latter. Physical activity level would have a stronger impact on fatness during childhood than at adolescence. Hence, a special attention should be brought early to the nutritional status, food and physical activity habits of young children, given the risks to develop degenerative diseases when adults.     

宁波市青少年睡眠与超重肥胖的相关性

探讨青少年睡眠时间与睡眠质量的流行现况及其与超重肥胖的关系,为预防控制中学生超重肥胖提供参考.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对宁波市七~十二年级的在校中学生进行睡眠情况等方面的调查,分析睡眠对中学生超重肥胖的影响.结果 宁波市中学生超重肥胖率为15.35%,其中男生为20.97%,女生为9.95%,差异有统计学意义(x2=191.14,P<0.01).中学生睡眠不足(<8 h/d)报告率为48.11%,男生为42.78%,女生为53.24%(x2=6.81,P<0.05).多元回归分析显示,睡眠时间与BMI呈负相关;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男生睡眠不足是超重肥胖发生的危险因素(OR=1.22),而女生睡眠时间睡眠质量与超重肥胖的相关无统计学意义.结论 睡眠时间与青少年学生BMI关系密切,睡眠时间不足可能是男生超重肥胖发生的危险因素.     

Dietary factors and body mass index in a group of Iranian adolescents: Tehran lipid and glucose study--2

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an adolescent population in Tehran and to determine possible association with energy and nutrient intake and distribution of energy over the day. METHOD: A cross-sectional study on 177 boys and 244 girls between 10-19 years old was performed. Overweight and obesity were defined by using recommended body mass index (BMI) cut-off values for adolescents. Total energy intake, percent of energy derived from protein, carbohydrate and fat and percent of energy supplied by each meal and snack were assessed by means of two 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.7 and 5.1 in boys and 18.4 and 2.8 in girls, respectively. The composition of diet was not different between overweight/obese and normal weight subjects. BMI was related with breakfast energy percentage in girls (r = -0.18, p < 0.01), with total energy intake in boys (r = 0.23, p < 0.01), and with lunch energy percentage in both sexes. In boys (r = 0.16, p < 0.05) and in girls (r = 0.22, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents was seen. In boys some relationship between total energy intake, distribution of energy over the day and BMI was seen. In girls BMI was only related with distribution of energy over the day.     

Changing prevalences of overweight and obesity in primary school children--a glimmer of hope?

BACKGROUND: The current epidemic of childhood obesity is a growing public health concern. Estimates of the prevalence of obesity are necessary so that secular trends can be monitored and the need for preventative measures assessed. AIMS: To establish the prevalences of overweight and obesity in Aberdeen primary schoolchildren and to investigate how children have been changing with respect to body fatness during their primary school years. METHODS: Retrospective study of two cohorts of school entrants, using height and weight data from school nurse records. RESULTS: Data were collected on 1018 children. The prevalence of overweight among children in primary year 1 decreased from 28.7% in 1997/98 to 21.5% in 2001/02 (P<0.01). The mean BMI SD score also significantly decreased in boys from 0.51 in 1997/98 to 0.32 in 2001/02. For the 1997/98 school entrants, the prevalences of overweight and obesity did not change between school entry and the end of primary school. The mean BMI SD score decreased significantly during primary school in boys but not in girls. CONCLUSION: Although childhood overweight and obesity remain major public health concerns, we report a slight improvement in measures of obesity over time, particularly in boys.     

合肥市某中学超重、肥胖与不同性别初中学生心理健康水平的相关性

目的了解超重、肥胖与男女初中学生生活满意度、抑郁、焦虑、自我意识水平之间的相关性。方法对象为合肥市某中学1818名初一和初二学生,用多维学生生活满意度量表、流行病学调查中心用抑郁量表、特质焦虑量表和儿童自我意识量表及相应的评价标准进行心理健康评定,同时测量身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI)值。参考中国儿童青少年超重和肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准进行分组,分析男女生及体重正常、超重、肥胖组学生心理健康状况的差异以及男女生BMI与4个量表评分的相关性。结果男生超重和肥胖检出率(21．5%和7．7%)显著高于女生(8．0%和2．8%)。体重正常组生活满意度评分的性别差异有统计学意义(P=0．002),超重组抑郁评分的性别差异有统计学意义(P=0．046)。在女生中,体重正常、超重和肥胖3组的抑郁、特质焦虑和自我意识评分的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0．05),肥胖组抑郁和焦虑评分显著高于体重正常组(P=0．012和P=0．035),肥胖组自我意识评分低于体重正常组(P=0．014),超重组抑郁评分高于体重正常组(P=0．025)。结论超重、肥胖检出率女生低于男生,但女生超重和肥胖者心理健康水平与体重正常者的差别较男生明显。     

An energy-dense diet is cross-sectionally associated with an increased risk of overweight in male children,but not in female children,male adolescents,or female adolescents in Japan: the Ryukyus Child Health Study

Epidemiologic evidence concerning the role of dietary energy density in increased body weight status during childhood and adolescence is limited, particularly in non-Western populations. We investigated the hypothesis that higher dietary energy density is associated with increasing risk of overweight in Japanese children and adolescents. This Japanese cross-sectional study included 15 974 children (6-11 years old; 7956 boys and 8018 girls) and 8202 adolescents (12-15 years old; 3944 boys and 4258 girls). Dietary intake was assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire for children and adolescents. Dietary energy density was calculated based on foods only (excluding beverages). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported body weight and height. Overweight (including obesity) was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force age- and sex-specific BMI cutoffs, which correspond to an adult BMI of at least 25 kg/m². The overall prevalence of overweight was 13.2%. Mean dietary energy density was 5.02 (standard deviation, 0.59) kJ/g. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, dietary energy density was positively associated with the risk of overweight in male children (P for trend = .048). No such associations were observed among female children, male adolescents, or female adolescents. In conclusion, this large cross-sectional study in Japan suggests that an energy-dense diet is associated with an increased risk of overweight in male children, but not in female children, male adolescents, or female adolescents.     

Associations of overweight and of weight dissatisfaction among Palestinian adolescents: findings from the national study of Palestinian schoolchildren (HBSC-WBG2004)

Background: Overweight and obesity as well as weight dissatisfaction have been increasing in prevalence worldwide. Body weight dissatisfaction and fear of fatness are potential contributors to disordered eating. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self‐reported overweight and weight dissatisfaction along with associations with socio‐demographic characteristics, body image, health complaints, risk behaviours, physical activity and television viewing in adolescents in Palestine. Methods: The 2003/04 Palestinian Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) is a cross‐sectional survey of 17 817 adolescents from 405 randomly selected schools. Students from a representative sample of grades 6, 8, 10 and 12 (aged 12–18 years) self‐completed a modified version of the international World Health Organization collaborative Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC‐2002) questionnaire. Results: Although 16.5% of the adolescents were overweight, almost twice that number (32.1%) were dissatisfied with their weight (i.e. dieting or perceiving a need to diet). Of those adolescents, two‐thirds were not actually overweight (56.4% boys; 73.5% girls). One‐fifth of the total number of adolescents (16.0% boys; 24.0% girls) were not overweight but were dissatisfied with their weight. Boys reporting overweight or weight dissatisfaction were more likely to have mothers with higher education or to be from more affluent families. Among both genders, but especially among girls, weight dissatisfaction was positively associated with most of the outcome variables (body image, health complaints, risk behaviours, and television viewing) regardless of weight status, whereas weight status was associated with only a few of the outcome variables. Conclusions: Weight dissatisfaction, independent of weight status, is associated with body image, health complaints, risk behaviours and television viewing, and represents a potential health risk factor for adolescents. Preventive interventions should focus not only on weight status, but also on body weight dissatisfaction.     

Overweight and obesity and associated factors among school-aged adolescents in Ghana and Uganda

The aim of this study was to assess overweight and obesity and associated factors in school-going adolescents in low income African countries (Ghana, Uganda). The total sample included 5,613 school children aged 13 to 15 years from nationally representative samples from two African countries. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between dietary behavior, substance use, physical activity, psychosocial factors and overweight or obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined based on self-reported height and weight and the international child body mass index standards. Results indicate a prevalence of overweight or obesity of 10.4% among girls and 3.2% among boys, and 0.9% and 0.5% obesity only among girls and boys, respectively. Among girls smoking cigarettes and loneliness and among boys smoking cigarettes were found to be associated with overweight or obesity in multivariable analysis. Overweight status was not associated with the intake of fruits, vegetables, and sedentary behavior. Low prevalence rates of overweight or obesity were found in Ghana and Uganda. Smoking cessation and social programs could be integrated into strategies to prevent and treat overweight and obesity in youth.     

Blood pressure among overweight adolescents from urban school children in Pune, India

OBJECTIVES: To examine the magnitude of overweight and its association with blood pressure (BP) among adolescents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with all children in age range 9-16 years (n=1146 boys and 1077 girls) from two schools catering to urban affluent high socio-economic class (HSE), for anthropometric measurements by trained investigators and BP measurement by a pediatrician using sphygmomanometer. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight based on conventional body mass index (BMI) cutoff was 27.5% for boys and 20.9% for girls but varied for different indicators. Prevalence of high systolic blood pressure (HSBP) was 12.0% in boys and 9.7% in girls and increased with increasing levels of BMI, weight, triceps skin fold thickness (TSFT) and percent body fat. Mean level of SBP among overweight children was significantly (P<0.001) higher by about 12 mm Hg, whereas that for diastolic blood pressure was higher by 8 mm Hg (P<0.001) as compared to their non-overweight (age, sex-matched) counterparts. This was true in both sexes and for all indicators used for assessing overweight. Prevalence of HSBP increased suddenly beyond BMI value of 20 kg/m2 in boys and 21.5 kg/m2 in girls, beyond TSFT value of 12 mm for boys and 14 mm for girls whereas such cutoffs for body fat were above 25% in both sexes. These cutoffs appear much lower than the conventional ones and therefore indicate the need for validation of conventional cutoffs in different populations. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight that BP measurement needs to be a routine part of physical examination in school children, and the use of cutoffs anchored to metabolic risks may be essential for assessment of obesity.     

Weight-related behaviors and concerns of fourth-grade children.

Behaviors and concerns related to weight were measured among 457 fourth-grade children attending 10 rural schools in central Iowa. A questionnaire was used to gather data on the children's concerns about being overweight, concerns that certain types or amounts of food would contribute to their being overweight, alterations in food intake to avoid being overweight, and perceptions that peers and family members were concerned about being overweight. In addition, each child's height and weight were measured. Weight-related behaviors and concerns increased with increasing weight-for-age and body mass index (BMI) and were more prevalent among girls than boys. The frequency of drinking diet soft drinks was positively correlated with weight-for-age and BMI and tended to increase with an increase in weight-related behaviors and concerns. Girls were more likely than boys to report a desire to be thinner (60.3% vs 38.4%), whereas boys were more likely than girls to want to be taller (67.2% vs 49.1%). The desire for less body fat was significantly associated with an increase in the frequency of weight-related behaviors and concerns, the frequency of drinking diet soft drinks, weight-for-age, and BMI. These findings indicate a need for interventions that combat fear of obesity and restrictive eating among growing children.     

A comparison of distribution curves of body mass index from Brazil and the United States for assessing overweight and obesity in Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of recommendations for use of the 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (BMI) of the population in the United States of America as a screening tool to assess overweight/obesity in adolescents. METHODS: We investigated the relation between BMI and percent body fat in 1,540 adolescents (717 males and 823 females) aged 10 to 17.9 years old from a private high school in Niterói, a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We used bioelectric impedance, with the appropriate equations for adolescents, to estimate percent body fat, which served as the gold standard (30% for girls and 25% for boys) to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the 85th and 95th percentiles of the United States and Brazilian distribution curves of BMI. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity were high (above 80%) for the Niterói boys, except for the 85th percentile of the Brazilian curve (specificity = 61.8%) and for the 95th percentile of the United States curve (sensitivity = 55.4%). For the Niterói girls, the 85th- and 95th-percentile BMI cutoff points, from both the United States and Brazilian curves, showed low sensitivity, and that sensitivity decreased with age. Specificity was high for the girls, and much higher than it was for the boys. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that using BMI to screen for overweight/obesity in adolescents can generate a high percentage of false-positives for Niterói boys and an even higher percentage of false-negatives for Niterói girls. A more universal approach to using anthropometric measures to screen for overweight/obesity should be developed, preferably linked to stages of maturation.     

杭州市7～18岁儿童青少年体质指数标准研究

目的研究杭州市7～18岁儿童青少年体质指数（BMI）分布、超重和肥胖的检出率。方法抽取21536名杭州城区17所小学和12所中学学生作为研究对象,以国际生命科学会中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）颁布的“中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖体质指数筛查分类标准”作为参考标准,对学龄儿童青少年进行体质指数研究。结果杭州市男性学龄儿童青少年超重（P85）和肥胖（P95）普遍要高于WGOC标准;女性学龄儿童青少年超重（％）7—10岁组要稍高于WGOC标准,大于10岁各年龄组的超重BMI值都要低于WGOC标准;而肥胖（P醅）各年龄组的值均低于WGOC标准。各年龄组超重与肥胖检出率男生平均高达23．5％和10．0％,女生也有14．0％和4．9％。结论杭州市学龄儿童青少年超重和肥胖的流行水平较高,尤其是男性学龄青少年,应尽快将超重和肥胖的防治列入学校卫生工作的重点,开展适宜的健康教育,引导学生和家长建立正确的生活习惯和健康观念。     

Comparison of anthropometry and parent-reported height and weight among nine year olds

BACKGROUND: There is mounting evidence that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children is reaching epidemic proportions in North America. We compared parent-report vs. measured BMI overweight and obesity prevalence estimates among 9 year olds using the 1996 NLSCY reports published by Willms et al. (2003) and anthropometric measurements from a regional population of public school children. METHODS: Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for 1,497 9-year-old children (males N = 734; females N = 763) from 75 public schools in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada. BMI from the 1996 NLSCY was based on parental reports of height and weight of 879 nine year olds. To define overweight and obese children, we used internationally accepted age- and gender-specific cut-offs as defined by Cole et al. (2000). RESULTS: The NLSCY overweight prevalence estimates of boys and girls may overestimate overweight boys and girls by 17% and 10%, respectively. Measured obesity prevalence estimates were similar to parent-reports. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that parental reports of height and weight may inflate prevalence estimates of overweight children, but appear reasonably accurate for estimating obesity. Since prevalence of overweight and obesity are often combined to form a global estimate, reliance on parent-reported height and weight may overstate the magnitude of the problem.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bahraini adolescents: a comparison between three different sets of criteria

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bahraini adolescents using three different sets of criteria/standards. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prevalence study. SETTING: Intermediate and secondary schools in Bahrain. SUBJECTS: The study included a population-representative sample of 506 Bahraini students (249 males and 257 females) between 12 and 17 y of age. The sample was selected using multistage stratified random sampling technique. MEASUREMENT: Anthropometric measurements including weight, height and triceps and subscapular skinfolds were taken on the adolescents. Age was verified against school records. To minimize inter-observer error, weight and height were taken by one person while skinfold was taken by two trained persons (one for each sex). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of obesity among Bahraini boys and girls was high, especially in girls. Obesity was highest (21% in males and 35% in females) when the WHO recommended criteria of BMI for age and skinfolds for age percentiles were applied and lowest (15% in boys and 18% in girls) when the age and sex specific BMI cut-off values of Cole et al were used. Compared with those of WHO criteria, estimates of overweight and obesity prevalence obtained with Must et al and Cole et al were generally close. CONCLUSIONS: Our data revealed a much higher prevalence rate of obesity in the Bahraini adolescent population than was previously reported, especially among girls. The BMI reference values of Must et al and that of Cole et al gave relatively similar estimates and appear to be more practical for use in surveys aimed at estimating the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents than the WHO recommended composite criteria.     

大连市儿童青少年体重指数分布状况

目的探讨大连市儿童青少年体重指数的分布特征,为预防儿童青少年的超重、肥胖提供相关依据。方法整群抽取大连市区1635名儿童青少年进行身高和体重测量。按照中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）推荐的“中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准”诊断超重与肥胖。结果大连市儿童青少年体重指数随着年龄的增加而增加,年龄越大BMI值越大;男生不同年龄、女生不同年龄BMI值之间差异有统计学意义;对同一年龄不同性别儿童青少年BMI值进行Z检验,结果表明除7岁、9岁年龄组外,其他年龄段男女生BMI值之间差异均有统计学意义,且男生BMI值均高于女生;不同年龄男生肥胖率变化趋势无明显的规律性,女生肥胖率在9岁后逐年下降,而超重率在10岁后却逐年上升。结论应重视儿童青少年超重、肥胖的预防工作。     

The epidemiology of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, 1995-97

OBJECTIVES: To determine the population prevalence of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, based on measured body mass index (BMI). To determine if overweight and obesity are distributed differentially across the population of young Australians. METHODS: Data from three independent surveys were analysed. In each, height and weight were measured by trained surveyors using valid, comparable methods. BMI (kg/m2) was used as the index of adiposity and recently published international BMI cut-off values used to categorise each subject as non-overweight, overweight or obese. RESULTS: The population prevalence and distribution of overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity combined were generally consistent across datasets. The ranges of the prevalence of non-overweight, overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity combined were 79-81%, 14-16%, 5% and 19-21% (boys) respectively and 76-79%, 16-18%, 5-6% and 21-24% (girls). There were no consistent relationships between the prevalence of overweight/obesity and sex, age or SES. Their prevalence was up to 4% higher in urban than rural areas among boys, but there were no differences between urban and rural girls. The data suggest a higher prevalence of overweight/ obesity among students from European or Middle-Eastern cultural backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: Some 19-23% of Australian children and adolescents are either overweight or obese. Although urban/rural, SES and cultural background differentials were noted, only the last warrants a targeted health promotion response. IMPLICATIONS: Overweight/obesity is a prevalent health risk factor among Australian children and adolescents. More information is needed to understand whether targeted approaches are required for specific ethnic groups in addition to broad, population-based approaches.     

Association between overweight or obesity and household income and parental body mass index in Australian youth: analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey, 1995

This study is a secondary data analysis based on the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey (NNS). A random subsample of 1581 school children aged 7-15 years old from the NNS was studied. The results show the prevalence of overweight, obesity and combined overweight and obesity was 10.6-20.9%, 3.7-7.2% and 15.6-25.7%, respectively. The odds ratio of overweight or obese boys with highest household income was significantly smaller than those with the lowest household income. The proportion of combined overweight and obesity in children whose parents were overweight or obese was significantly greater compared with those whose parents were not. The trend of increasing prevalence of overweight or obesity among children with increasing parental body mass index (BMI) was significant after adjusting for age except the trend of father's BMI for boys. This study provided baseline data on the recent prevalence of overweight or obesity of Australian school children using new international absolute BMI cut-off points. It indicated that young school girls (7-9 years) were more likely to be overweight or obese compared with boys, the prevalence rates of overweight or obesity in older boys (13-15 year) was significantly greater than in other age groups while in girls it was the opposite. The boys with lowest household income ($0-17 500) were more likely to be overweight or obese compared with those with the highest household income (greater than $67 500). Having parents especially mothers who were overweight or obese may increase the risk of children being overweight or obese.     

Obesity and socioeconomic status in children of Tijuana

BACKGROUND: Although obesity has been associated with socioeconomic status among Hispanics living in the United States, little is known about whether a similar association exists among Hispanics living in Mexico, particularly among those living along the U.S.-Mexico border. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of obesity and its association with socioeconomic status in Mexican schoolchildren attending public and private schools in Tijuana, Baja California. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements and socioeconomic status were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 1172 school children, aged 6 to 13 years from 55 schools in Tijuana in 2001-2002. Underweight (body mass index [BMI] for age 5th percentile or lower), risk of overweight (BMI at 85th percentile or higher), and overweight (BMI greater than 95th percentile) were assessed using charts published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: Abnormalities in weight were found in 46.3% of 587 boys and 43.7% of 585 girls in the study. Undernutrition was found in 3.7% of the boys and 3.8% of the girls. The general prevalence of overweight was 23.2% for boys and 21.7% for girls. Children living in low-income neighborhoods had the thickest biceps skinfolds (p<0.01), while children living in moderate-income neighborhoods and attending public schools had the thickest triceps skinfolds (p<0.001). Although boys living in high socioeconomic status neighborhoods were at decreased risk for being overweight, boys and girls attending private schools had a 75% increased risk (odds ratio, 1.75; confidence interval, 1.22-2.52) of being overweight than children attending public schools. CONCLUSIONS: Adiposity varies by type of school and neighborhood socioeconomic status. The biphasic curve in risk for being overweight associated with neighborhood socioeconomic status suggests that Mexican children living along the U.S. border may be experiencing a nutrition transition with respect to an increased risk of obesity and related chronic disease.     

西安市城区2009年7~18岁儿童、青少年超重和肥胖流行病学调查

【目的】 了解西安市城区儿童、青少年超重和肥胖的发病情况。 【方法】 随机整群抽取西安市城区7~18岁中小学生13 994人,采用体质指数(body mass index,BMI)诊断超重和肥胖。采用三次样条对西安市7~18岁儿童青少年体重、身高和BMI百分位数进行拟合,将身高,体重P₅₀,及BMI的P₈₅、P₉₅百分位数值与2005年中国全国标准进行比较。 【结果】 西安市城区7~18岁中小学生超重总发病率为10.42%,男生和女生分别为11.85%和8.83%;肥胖总发病率为4.67%,男生和女生分别为4.92%和4.40%。男生身高P₅₀值在10~15岁(除12岁)比全国标准稍低,男女体重和女生身高P₅₀中位数与全国数值基本接近;男生BMI的P₈₅、P₉₅数值与2005年全国水平基本接近;女生P₈₅和P₉₅值在14岁以前与全国水平基本接近,15岁后有所减低。 【结论】 西安市中小学肥胖发病率在17年间增加了一倍,制定预防儿童超重和肥胖的有效措施势在必行。     

Association between birth weight and childhood obesity in a Budapest metropolitan survey

INTRODUCTION: According to epidemiological investigations, association between birth weight and overweight and obesity in childhood/adolescence is ambiguous. AIM: The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between birth weight and overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. METHODS: Birth and actual anthropometric data of school children and secondary school students from metropolitan schools were analyzed. Overweight/obesity were established by standardized (sex, age) body mass index, and obesity also by body fat percent. RESULTS: Data of 1,334, 7- to 19-year-old children and adolescents (725 boys and 609 girls) were evaluated. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was similar in the case of persons with low (19.36%) and normal birth weight (18.96%), while in the case of persons with high birth weight this rate was 25.98%. Based on body fat percent, the prevalence of obesity in the latter group was also higher than in groups with low and normal birth weight (18.11% vs. 12.89% and 12.66%). CONCLUSIONS: Among macrosomic babies the rate of overweight and obesity is higher than among normal or low-birth-weight babies, particularly in childhood.