咪达唑仑联合丙泊酚麻醉在老年患者内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用

目的:观察咪达唑仑联合丙泊酚麻醉在老年患者内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)中的效果和安全性。方法:52例急诊行ERCP检查和治疗的老年患者,采用咪达唑仑联合丙泊酚麻醉,按10-8-6方案输注丙泊酚,先以负荷量咪达唑仑0.02 mg/kg及丙泊酚1 mg/kg,静脉输注时间20 s,诱导剂量后以10 mg·kg-1·h-1的速率静脉输注丙泊酚,10 min后减为8 mg·kg-1·h-1,20 min后减为6 mg·kg-1·h-1直至术毕,以维持丙泊酚血浆靶浓度约为3μg/ml。记录给药前、给药后1 min、内镜插入食管、停药、苏醒期5个时点的收缩压、舒张压、心率、血氧饱和度和各阶段时程以及术中不良反应情况,术后调查遗忘率和满意度。结果:给药后各时点收缩压与给药前差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。给药后1 min至清醒时舒张压均下降(P0.05～P0.01)。术中心率和血氧饱和度均无明显变化(P0.05)。患者均有顺行性遗忘,总遗忘率为100.00%,总满意度达98.08%。结论:咪达唑仑联合丙泊酚麻醉适用于老年患者急诊ERCP,是一种较为安全有效的方法。     

环泊酚在无痛内镜逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用效果研究

目的探究不同剂量环泊酚复合舒芬太尼在无痛内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP)中的应用效果。 方法选取因胆总管结石拟行无痛ERCP的患者150例,采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为3组,分别为C组50例、R1组50例、R2组50例。C组采用0.1 μg舒芬太尼联合2 mg/kg丙泊酚诱导,6 mg/(kg·h)丙泊酚术中维持方案;R1组采用0.1 μg/kg舒芬太尼联合0.4 mg/kg环泊酚诱导,1 mg/(kg·h)环泊酚术中维持方案;R2组采用0.1 μg/kg舒芬太尼联合0.5 mg/kg环泊酚诱导,1.5 mg/(kg·h)环泊酚术中维持方案。比较3组镇静成功率、不良事件发生率、血流动力学等指标。结果3组患者麻醉诱导后即刻MOAA/S评分、诱导完成30 s后MOAA/S评分、呛咳发生率、苏醒时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与C组比较,R1组、R2组体动发生率与镇静成功率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与R1组比较,R2组的体动发生率更低,镇静成功率更高。3组患者心动过缓、呃逆、术后恶心的发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与C组比较,R1组低血压发生率更低（P<0.05）,R1组、R2组呼吸抑制发生例数更少（P<0.05）,R1组、R2组注射痛更少（P<0.05）。3组患者各时间段心率变化无统计学意义（P>0.05）;3组患者进入检查室时、转入苏醒室时平均动脉压差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与C组相比,麻醉诱导后R1组、R2组平均动脉压更高（P<0.05）,十二指肠乳头插管后R1组平均动脉压更高（P<0.05）,手术结束时R1组平均动脉压更高（P<0.05）;与R1组相比,R2组十二指肠乳头插管后平均动脉压较低（P<0.05）。 结论以0.1 μg/kg舒芬太尼联合0.5 mg/kg环泊酚诱导及1.5 mg/(kg·h)环泊酚术中维持方案在无痛ERCP中应用效果较好,兼具了镇静成功率高及不良事件发生率低的优点。     

Application of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreaticobiliary disease

Pancreaticobiliarydiseaseiscommonineasterncountries.Clinicaldiagnosisis"lainlybasedonimagingfindings.Endoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatography(ERCP)playsanimportantroleindiagnosingthediseases,especiallyinthediagnosisanddifferenciatlonofpancreticobiliarylithiasls,pancreaticobiliarymalignanttumorandchronicpancreaticdisease.SinceendoscopicpapillotomywasintroducedInthemiddleof1970s,physicianshavebeenabletomakeartincisionattheduodenalpapilla,andremovebileductstoneswithendoscope,avoidinglaproto…     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆结石临床分析

目的观察腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆结石临床效果。方法选取80例确诊为胆结石的病例,分为对照组及观察组各40例。对照组采用传统的开腹切开胆囊取石;观察组采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜的方法进行治疗。结果观察组的手术和住院时间明显比对照组短,手术疗效明显优于对照组,术后并发症的发生率明显低于对照组。结论采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜技术治疗胆结石取得良好的临床效果。     

诊断性及治疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影的应用价值(附7238例分析)

目的：探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）检查的方法学及临床应用价值。方法：１９７７年１月至１９９８年６月我科对疑有胰胆疾病的７２３８例患者进行ＥＲＣＰ检查，有适应证者同时进行内镜下取石，扩张，引流等治疗，对以上资料进行全国统计，分析ＥＲＣＰ检查的临床价值及并发症。结果：７２３８例患者行ＥＲＣＰ检查共计７５７９例次，总成功率为９４．８％，胰管显影率为７５．７％，胆管显影率为８７．１％，发现胆管疾病     

Application of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in biliary-pancreatic diseases

Background Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） has been used increasingly for the treatment of choledocholithiasis, gallstone pancreatitis, and benign or malignant bile duct or pancreatic duct stenosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ERCP for the diagnosis and therapy of biliary-pancreatic diseases. Methods A total of 2075 patients who underwent diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP from June 2001 to March 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Achievement and complication rates were calculated, and the therapeutic effect was observed. Results In all the 64 cases who underwent diagnostic ERCP, the procedure was successful, in 2011 cases therapeutic ERCP was performed, and the success rate was 94.6%. In the therapeutic ERCP cases, 1434 （93.0%） were successful among the 1542 cases of choledocholithiasis, and 422 （90.0%） of the 469 cases with benign or malignant bile duct or pancreatic duct stenosis, or acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis with stent placement or endoscopic nasobiliary drainage were successful. Fifty-nine （90.8%） cases of the 65 who underwent a pre-cut for pancreatic sphincterotomy were successful. Complication rate was 5.1% and the most frequent complication was acute pancreatitis （4.4%）. Conclusions ERCP is one of the major diagnostic and therapeutic methods for biliary-pancreatic disease. Therapeutic ERCP is a minimally invasive, safe and effective treatment method for various biliary-pancreatic diseases.     

经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术联合内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的应用

目的 探讨经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTCD)联合内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)在恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJl临床治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析50例首次经ERCP途径放置胆道内支架失败的MOJ患者,采用PTCD联合ERCP治疗.结果 患者均完成梗阻段胆道内支架置入以达到内引流;胆道内支架置入术后第1周血清总胆红素平均...     

50例梗阻性黄疸患者内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影分析

目的 探讨内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)对梗阻性黄疸的临床诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术或病理诊断证实的50例梗阻性黄疸患者的临床资料和ERCP表现.结果 恶性梗阻性黄疸ERCP多表现为胆管梗阻端呈偏心结节状充盈缺损或呈截断状,边缘不光整,管壁僵硬,其上方胆管呈"软藤征"表现;良性梗阻性黄疸ERCP多表现为胆管梗阻端呈杯口状,管壁柔软,其上方胆管扩张呈"软藤征"表现.结论 ERCP对梗阻性黄疸有一定的诊断价值,它能显示梗阻的程度、阻塞的部位及病因,对指导临床治疗及术后评估能提供可靠的依据.     

75例逆行性胰胆管造影术后相关并发症分析

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)并发症的防治措施。方法对2008年5月至2011年8月施行的75例ERCP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 75例ERCP成功率为89.3%(67/75),出现并发症22例(29.3%),ERCP术后胰腺炎(PEP)6例(8.0%),一过性高淀粉酶血症13例(17.3%),胆道感染3例(4.0%),无胆道出血及胆道穿孔病例。未出现与ERCP术相关的死亡病例。发生并发症的患者经保守治疗好转。结论诊治性ERCP并发症大多经保守治疗能够治愈,且高淀粉酶血症/PEP主要与胰管显影、插管困难、ERCP操作时间过长等有关。     

右美托咪啶复合芬太尼清醒镇静用于经内镜逆行胰胆管造影检查临床观察

目的观察右美托咪啶复合芬太尼清醒镇静用于经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)检查的安全性及可行性。方法 60例美国麻醉医师协会分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级拟行ERCP检查的患者分为右美托咪啶组和丙泊酚组,每组30例。2组患者ERCP检查前静脉注射山莨菪碱10.0 mg和芬太尼1.0μg.kg-1,右美托咪啶组患者15 min内静脉注射右美托咪啶0.5μg.kg-1,以右美托咪啶0.5～1.0μg.kg-1.h-1持续微泵输注至手术结束;丙泊酚组患者2 min内静脉注射丙泊酚1.0 mg.kg-1,以丙泊酚4.0～6.0 mg.kg-1.h-1持续微泵输注至手术结束。记录麻醉前(T0)、进镜前(T1)、进镜时(T2)、进镜后20 min(T3)和检查结束后10 min(T4)患者的血压、心率(HR)和脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2);并对插管的难易程度、患者的合作程度进行评分,次日评估患者对检查的满意程度。结果麻醉前2组患者收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、HR和SpO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。右美托咪啶组患者T1、T2、T3和T4时HR均显著低于T0时(P<0.05),各时间点SBP和DBP比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。丙泊酚组患者T1、T2、T3和T4时SBP、DBP和HR均显著低于T0时(P<0.05)。2组患者各时间点SpO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。丙泊酚组患者T1时SBP和T1、T2、T3、T4时DBP均显著低于右美托咪啶组(P<0.05),但2组T2、T3和T4时SBP比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);丙泊酚组T1、T2、T3和T4时患者HR显著高于右美托咪啶组(P<0.05)。右美托咪啶组操作难易程度和患者合作程度评分显著高于丙泊酚组(P<0.05)。2组患者对检查的满意程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪啶复合芬太尼清醒镇静用于ERCP检查安全可行,能满足检查所需镇静要求,并可获得患者较好的合作;但部分患者发生HR减慢,需采取干预措施。     

Mirizzi综合征采用ERCP联合腹腔镜及胆道镜治疗27例报告

目的：探讨内镜逆行性胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)联合腹腔镜及胆道镜对不同类型Mirizzi综合征(Mirizzi syndrome MS)的相应治疗方法。方法：自2004年7月至2012年5月期间平诊收治经手术证实为Mirizzi综合征的患者27例,依据Csendes分型。应用ERCP联合腹腔镜及胆道镜采取相应的治疗方法。结果：27例Mirizzi综合征患者合并胆总管结石8例。 根据Csendes分型：I型16例;Ⅱ型5例;Ⅲ型6例,无Ⅳ型患者。27例患者均行ERCP 腹腔镜胆囊切除术（Laporoscopic cholecystectomy,LC） 术中胆道镜探查及取石术。26例患者顺利完成三镜联合手术,于腹腔镜下行胆总管一期缝合10例,所有患者均经手术治愈,且其中6例Ⅲ型患者拔除T管后,复查胆道造影,无胆道狭窄。结论：ERCP联合腹腔镜、胆道镜治疗Mirizzi综合征的方法具有微创、安全、住院时间短、恢复快等优点。     

乌司他丁和加贝酯预防ERCP术后胰腺炎的荟萃分析

Abstract Background and aim: Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) is regarded as one of the worrisome complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Results of randomized controlled trials evaluating the preventive effect of ulinastatin and gabexate mesylate on PEP are contradictory. The present study is designed to evaluate the preventive effect of ulinastatin and gabexate mesylate on PEP with a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating the preventive effect of ulinastatin and gabexate mesylate on PEP. Effects were summarized with the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: Twelve studies including 5105 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Administration of ulinastatin decreased the incidence of PEP, but only at sufficient doses (OR, 0.39; 95%CI, 0.19 to 0.81; P=0.01). Number needed to treat (NNT) was 6. And administration of ulinastatin also reduced the incidence of post ERCP hyperamylasemia (OR, 0.40; 95%CI, 0.28 to 0.58; P<0.00001). Gabexate mesylate was effective in the prevention of PEP when administered at high doses and as slow infusions (OR, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.25 to 0.79; P=0.006) or at low doses and as rapid infusions (OR, 0.37; 95%CI, 0.20 to 0.69; P=0.002). NNT was 7 and 6 respectively. However, administration of gabexate mesylate at low doses and as slow infusions was ineffective (OR, 0.99; 95%CI, 0.64 to 1.55; P=0.98). Administration of gabexate mesylate had the tendency to reduce post ERCP hyperamylasemia rate, but not to a statistical significance (OR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.73 to 1.01; P=0.06). Conclusion: Ulinastatin and gabexate mesylate are recommended to be used for the prophylaxis of PEP. However, gabexate mesylate should be administered at high doses and as rapid infusions. And the doses of ulinastatin should be sufficient.     

同期内镜逆行胰胆管造影联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆总管结石的临床效果

目的 探讨同期内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗胆总管结石的有效性与安全性.方法 根据是否同期行ERCP联合LC治疗,将153例胆总管结石患者分为同期组38例和常规组115例.比较两组患者的治疗有效率、麻醉时间、手术时间、术中失血量、胆道造影结石阳性率、胆总管取石率、术后住院时间、住院费用和术后并发症发生率.结果 两组患者治疗有效率、手术时间、麻醉时间、术中失血量、胆道造影结石阳性率、胆总管取石率和术后不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但同期组术后住院时间及住院费用均少于常规组(P<0.05).结论 同期ERCP联合LC可有效、安全地治疗胆总管结石,并明显缩短住院时间及降低住院费用.     

ERCP联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石34例临床分析

目的探讨ERCP联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床价值。方法 ERCP联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石34例;ERCP术后0～10d行LC。结果 ERCP成功34例,34例均取石成功,其中30例行EST,患者均顺利行LC手术,所有患者均顺利出院。结论 ERCP＋EST联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石能达到与开腹手术相同的效果,而且具有微创的特点,是具有重要意义的技术。     

心理护理对逆行胰胆管造影患者围手术期心理障碍的干预效果

目的:探讨内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)患者围手术期精神心理特征,评价心理护理对ERCP患者围手术期心理障碍的干预作用,为制定ERCP患者围手术期心理护理方案提供科学依据.方法:将58例ERCP患者随机分为干预组30例和对照组28例,另选取24名健康者作为健康对照(健康组).干预组和对照组分别于术前及术后采用综合医院焦虑/抑郁情绪测定量表(HAD)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表进行测评,并比较2组术后卧床时间和住院时间.健康组仅作心理状况评估.结果:ERCP组患者术前抑郁和焦虑评分均高于健康组(P<0.01和P<0.05);术前PSQI评分中,除催眠药物和日间功能障碍评分差异均无统计学意义外,其他各项评分均高于健康组(P<0.05~P<0.01).干预组与对照组术前HAD和PSQI评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后,干预组焦虑及抑郁评分均低于对照组(P<0.05和P<0.01);PSQI评分除催眠药物、日间功能障碍因子评分与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其余各项评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~ P<0.01).干预组术后卧床时间和住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05).结论:行ERCP患者围手术期表现出焦虑、抑郁和睡眠障碍,心理护理可改善ERCP患者的心理障碍,并缩短卧床时间及住院时间.     

治疗性逆行胰胆管造影临床价值分析

目的：探讨治疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）的临床应用价值及其相关并发症．方法：对2005-01／2008-07有胰胆疾病的302例患者进行ERCP治疗．收集临床资料进行全面统计,回顾性分析．结果：患者以老年比例最人．302例ERCP治疗总成功率为84．4％,其中前150例成功率为79．3％,后152例成功率为89．5％．并发症共11例,总体并发症发生率为3．6％．并发症均经内科保守治疗及内镜下治疗治愈,无外科手术及死亡病例．结论：治疗性ERCP是一项安全、有效的治疗技术．适用于多种胆胰疾病．操作成功率与术者的经验积累有密切关系．其并发症多数是可预防的,内科保守治疗联合内镜下治疗可治愈绝大多数并发症．     

内镜诊治医源性胆道损伤效果评价

【目的】初步探讨内镜下治疗在医源性胆道损伤中的临床应用及治疗效果。【方法】以胆道与消化道连续性是否存在,决定医源性胆道损伤患者首选内镜或手术治疗。【结果】于2005年6月-2010年12月间发现医源性胆道损伤54例,术中发现胆道损伤而行相应治疗4例,术后发现胆道损伤50例(其中A型38例,C型1例,D型7例,E型4例),针对胆道损伤的分型行内镜下治疗41例(1例内镜治疗失败再次手术),直接再次手术4例,所有患者治疗后临床症状均明显改善,无严重并发症发生。【结论】应用内镜对于医源性胆道损伤的诊断与治疗安全有效,胆道并发症的较快发现及处理可使患者较快治愈。     

Preventive effect of ulinastatin and gabexate mesylate on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

Background Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis （PEP） is regarded as one of the worrisome complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP）. Results of randomized controlled trials evaluating the preventive effect of ulinastatin and gabexate mesylate （GM） on PEP are contradictory. The present study was designed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of ulinastatin and GM on PEP with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials （RCTs）. Methods Five electronic databases were searched for RCTs evaluating the preventive effect of ulinastatin and GM on PEP. Summary effects were assessed with the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results Twelve studies involving 5105 participants were included in our meta-analyses. Administration of ulinastatin decreased the incidence of PEP only at sufficient doses （OR, 0.39; 95% C/, 0.19 to 0.81; P=0.01）. Number needed to treat （NNT） was 6. And administration of ulinastatin also reduced the incidence of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia （PEHA） （OR, 0.40; 95% C/, 0.28 to 0.58; P〈0.000 01）. Slow infusion of high-dose GM was effective for PEP prevention （OR, 0.44; 95% Cl, 0.25 to 0.79; P=0.006）, and rapid infusion of low-dose GM also showed efficacy for PEP prophylaxis （OR, 0.37; 95% C/, 0.20 to 0.69; P=0.002）. NNT was 7 and 6 respectively. However, administration of GM at low doses and by slow infusions was ineffective （OR, 0.99; 95% Cl, 0.64 to 1.55; P=0.98）. Administration of GM had the tendency to reduce PEHA rate, but not to a statistical significance （OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.01; P=0.06）. When low-quality studies were excluded, the meta-analysis with two high-quality studies indicated that ulinastatin did not reduce the rate of PEP （OR, 0.63; 95% Cl, 0.32 to 1.26; P=0.19） and PEHA incidence （OR, 0.80; 95% Cl, 0.31 to 2.07; P=0.64）. The meta-analysis with six high-quality studies showed that GM administration decreased PEP incidence （OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.91; P=-0,02）, while was not efficacious for PEHA prevention （OR, 0.88; 95% C/, 0.74 to 1.04; P=0.12）. Conclusions Ulinastatin and GM may be of value for the prophylaxis of PEP. GM should be administered at high doses and by rapid infusions. And the doses of ulinastatin should be sufficient. However, the conclusions are not overwhelming. More large-sample size and high-quality RCTs are still needed to elucidate whether administrations of the two drugs really have prophylactic effect on PEP.     

内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术诊治胆胰疾病1378例回顾分析

目的 探讨内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)在诊治胆胰疾病中的价值.方法 对2003年9月-2011年2月我科应用ERCP诊治的1 378例病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果 治疗性ERCP由2003年的13例(13.6%)上升到2011年的236例(86.7%).1 378例中,造影成功率93.32%; 治疗性ERCP693例次,占总ERCP例次的50.29%.并发出血占4.09%,术后胰腺炎占8.54%.结论 ERCP是胆胰疾病的重要诊治手段,特别是对于无手术机会的恶性胆胰管梗阻患者,能延长生存期,改善生活质量;对于肝移植术后并发症的治疗,能避免再次移植.     

内镜下逆行胰胆管造影对肝移植术后胆道并发症的诊疗作用(附12例报告)

目的 评价内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)对肝移植术后胆道并发症的诊断和治疗价值。方法 应用电子十二指肠镜对原位肝移植术后疑有胆道并发症(梗阻性黄疸)的12例患者进行ERCP。结果 显示胆总管狭窄(梗阻)9例(伴胆总管结石2例),胆总管结石2例(伴胆总管扩张1例),移植肝肝内胆管变细1例。内镜下作胆总管气囊扩张、取石、放置金属胆总管内支架1例,Oddi括约肌切开取石3例,留置鼻胆管引流2例。结论 ERCP可作为原位肝移植术后胆道并发症诊断和治疗的主要手段,而且对大多数肝移植术后病人是安全有效的。