干细胞与肿瘤干细胞

目的了解干细胞、肿瘤干细胞和恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展。方法复习国内外相关文献,综述肿瘤干细胞与干细胞的关系、肿瘤干细胞与恶性肿瘤发生发展的关系、研究现状、前景及存在的问题。结果正常干细胞和肿瘤干细胞之间存在很强的相似性,其中淋巴造血系统恶性肿瘤和少数实体瘤干细胞分离鉴定的成功有力支持了肿瘤干细胞理论。结论肿瘤干细胞理论可解释很多恶性肿瘤的生物学行为,但目前仍迫切需要相关分离、纯化、鉴定实体瘤干细胞的思路和方法。     

ACAT-1在单核细胞向泡沫细胞分化过程中的表达变化

目的研究单核细胞向泡沫细胞诱导分化过程中脂酰CoA胆固醇酯酰转移酶-1(ACAT-1)表达及活性的变化。方法复苏、培养人单核细胞株THP-1细胞,与乙酸肉豆蔻佛波酯(PMA)、PMA+氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)共孵育1～4 d,RT-PCR方法检测单核细胞分化过程中ACAT-1 mRNA表达,Westernblotting检测ACAT-1蛋白表达的变化。结果(1)单核细胞复苏后加入PMA诱导48 h后,分化为巨噬细胞。经PMA+ox-LDL诱导24 h后分化为泡沫细胞。(2)与无血清培养单核细胞对照组比较,在PMA诱导单核细胞株THP-1向巨噬细胞分化过程中,ACAT-1 mRNA、蛋白表达及酶活性水平明显增高(P<0.05),呈时间依赖效应。(3)巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞分化过程中,ACAT-1 mRNA、蛋白表达及酶活性水平增高,呈时间依赖效应。但和无血清培养巨噬细胞比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单核细胞株THP-1经PMA,PMA/ox-LDL诱导后,可分化为巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞。ACAT-1的表达及活性增高在单核细胞向泡沫细胞诱导分化过程中起着重要作用。     

miR-622抑制肺癌细胞的生长

目的探讨miR-622对H460肺癌细胞增殖的影响及其作用机制。方法利用脂质体瞬时转染方法将miR-622模拟物及其对照核苷酸转染至肺癌细胞内。miRNA定量试剂盒检测miR-622的表达。CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞增殖。生物信息学分析miR-622的靶点。蛋白印迹方法检测K-Ras蛋白的表达。构建含K-Ras mRNA的3'非翻译区的报告基因载体,检测萤火虫/Renilla荧光素酶活性。结果转染miR-622模拟物可提高miR-622的表达,并使H460和16HBE-T的细胞增殖率分别降至(58.60±4.27)%和(65.17±4.67)%,P均<0.01。生物信息学分析K-Ras为miR-622的一潜在靶点。转染miR-622模拟物可明显抑制K-Ras蛋白的表达。共转染miR-622模拟物和K-Ras-3'UTR报告基因,可使萤火虫/Renilla荧光素酶的活性降低至(60.22±2.50)%。结论 miR-622可通过负性调控靶点K-Ras抑制肺癌细胞的增殖。     

肝星状细胞和胰腺星状细胞的比较

肝星状细胞和胰腺星状细胞在各自纤维化疾病中都发挥着重要作用,两者在诸多方面存在相似之处.文章就两者的生物学特性、凋亡、信号转导通路方面进行总结和比较,以探讨它们之间的关系.     

Lingual squamous cell carcinoma surrounded by granular cell tumor

The granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon, benign lesion with a preference for subcutaneous sites. In the head and neck, the tongue is the most common site, followed by the larynx. We experienced a case of a 27-year-old woman with lingual squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) surrounded by GCT. The pathological findings established that the lesion was SCC covered by GCT in the midline of the tongue. The size of the mass was very small, however, so we excised it in a diamond shape. There is an interesting association between GCTs and other malignant neoplasms. However, no causal relationship between GCT and these other carcinomas has been established. Here we report on an SCC coexisting with GCT at the same site as a median tongue lesion and review the literature.     

Huge clear cell squamous cell carcinoma of the head

To the editor:An 85-year-old woman,presented with a macula in the front region of parietal bone one year ago,which was slightly protruding from the epidermis without pain and pruritus.After scratching,ulceration and the scope was increasing gradually.A month ago,the tumor was about walnut size,and now about egg size,accompanied with bleeding when knocked,without special feeling.Apart from this,the patient has been suffering from hypertension,diabetes for many years.The size of the tumor was 6 cm × 7 cm × 8 cm,dark red,hard shell,endoplasmic soft.The surface was contaminated,oozy,scabing,poor activity,the boundary was not clear,and pressing with no feeling.The pathological examination showed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC),as shown in Figure 1.Immunohistostaining revealed positive staining for PAS and ABPAS in the tumor tissue.We also performed immunohistostaining analysis,such as keratins AE1/AE3,EMA,cytokeratin 7,cytokeratin 18,cytokeratin 20,vimentin,S-100,HMB45,CD68,CKH and CD34.Of which,keratins AE 1/AE3,cytokeratin 18,CKH,CD34 and EMA were positive,others were negative.The tumor was diagnosed as huge clear cell SCC.After expansion excision,skin grafting,abdominal skin surgery,postoperative recovery was uneventful,and flakiness has survived well.     

肝星状细胞和胰腺星状细胞的比较

肝星状细胞和胰腺星状细胞在各自纤维化疾病中都发挥着重要作用,两者在诸多方面存在相似之处。文章就两者的生物学特性、凋亡、信号转导通路方面进行总结和比较,以探讨它们之间的关系。     

多发肾透明细胞癌11例磁共振影像分析

目的 描述多发肾透明细胞癌的MR影像表现.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年12月解放军总医院共11例经病理证实的多发肾透明细胞癌的MR影像资料及临床资料,重点分析病灶的分布、大小、外形、信号,增强特点.结果 11例多发肾细胞癌患者,其中6例女性,5例男性,年龄36 ～ 69岁,平均50.6岁,共发现24个病灶.9例患者为双肾多发病变,单侧肾多发病变为2例.T2加权图像高信号的有16个病灶(16/24),所有病变均可见假包膜,出血的有4例(4/24),含有脂质的为12例(12/24),囊变的有18例(18/24),动态增强扫描各期持续强化的有22例(22/24),快进快出的有2例(2/24).所有病变呈现中度至明显强化.5例患者的多发病变MR表现一致,6例患者的多发病变MR表现并不一致.结论 多发肾细胞癌通常为两肾多发.同一患者的多发病变即使病理类型一致,MR表现可能不同.     

透明细胞乳头状肾细胞癌的研究进展

2016年WHO正式将透明细胞乳头状肾细胞癌作为一种肾细胞癌新类型。该肿瘤可以为散发性也可以发生于终末期肾病或Von Hippel?Lindau综合征（VHL综合征）,具有相对特征性的病理组织学形态、免疫表型和分子遗传学特点,诊断时应与透明细胞肾细胞癌、乳头状肾细胞癌以及Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌相鉴别。鉴于透明细胞乳头状肾细胞癌生物学行为相对惰性或低度恶性,因此准确诊断对指导临床治疗和判断预后具有十分重要的意义。     

姜黄素对鼻咽癌CNE—1细胞增殖和周期的影响

目的讨论姜黄素对鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞增殖和周期的影响。方法 MTT法检测增值抑制率,流式细胞术分析细胞周期和细胞凋亡。结果不同浓度的姜黄素作用细胞48h时,抑制率随浓度的增加而增加,流式细胞仪分析证实姜黄素能使CNE-1细胞阻滞在G2/M期,并出现亚二倍体凋亡峰。结论 姜黄素对CNE-1细胞具有增殖抑制作用,并阻滞细胞于G2/M期和诱导细胞凋亡。     

维生素C联合硼替佐米对人T细胞淋巴瘤细胞株Jurkat细胞凋亡的应用

目的 研究维生素C联合硼替佐米对人T细胞淋巴瘤细胞株Jurkat细胞凋亡相关蛋白B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)与Bcl2相关X蛋白(Bax)表达调节的影响.方法 采用30 nmol/L的硼替佐米组,100 μg/mL的维生素C组及联合组分别作用于Jurkat细胞24、48、72 h,设立未加药物的对照组,应用倒置显微镜观察细胞的生长方式,免疫组织化学检测Bax及Bcl-2的表达,CCK-8及流式细胞技术检测Jurkat细胞凋亡率和细胞周期.结果 维生素C使Jurkat细胞的生长方式从对照组的局部聚集向近乎均匀分散变化;维C组及联合组在24 h至48 h期间,Bcl-2的表达降低较硼替佐米组快,Bax表达升高的亦快,且维C组24～48 h对Bax的表达增量远超过硼替佐米组.CCK-8检测发现,在72h时维C组、联合组、硼替佐米组Jurkat细胞的抑制率分别为25.72％、75.23％、56.81％;流式检测凋亡率在72 h分别为81.73％、67.06％与81.50％;维生素C组的早期凋亡率大于晚期凋亡率,而硼替佐米组与联合组均为早期凋亡率低,但维生素C的添加,联合用药组细胞的早期凋亡率得到了大约15.26％的提高.结论 维生素C抑制T细胞淋巴瘤细胞株Jurkat细胞的增殖,尤其是促进Jurkat细胞早期凋亡,且细胞凋亡调控蛋白Bax与Bcl-2参与了维生素C诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡机制.     

米非司酮对子宫肌瘤细胞增殖、侵袭及凋亡的影响

目的探讨米非司酮对子宫肌瘤和内膜组织Ki67基因、MMP2基因、Fas基因表达的影响。方法 62例子宫肌瘤患者随机分为对照组24例和治疗组38例,治疗组患者从月经周期第2~3d开始,每日服用25mg米非司酮,连续服用1个月后行子宫手术;对照组病人入院后不服用任何药物,直接手术,术中均取瘤体及内膜组织。用免疫组化SP法检测子宫肌瘤及内膜组织中Ki67、MMP2、Fas基因的表达水平。结果治疗组子宫肌瘤组织Fas阳性率为55.3%,明显高于对照组的29.2%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组子宫肌瘤Ki67的阳性表达率为36.8%,明显低于对照组的70.8%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);治疗组子宫肌瘤MMP2的阳性表达率为36.8%,明显低于对照组的66.7%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);但两组子宫内膜组织中Ki67、MMP2和Fas的表达没有显著变化,差异均无统计学意义(P均大于0.05)。结论米非司酮抑制子宫肌瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭转移,促进肌瘤细胞凋亡,这可能是米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的作用机理。     

丁酸钠对Hep-2细胞生长、凋亡及细胞周期的影响

目的:观察丁酸钠(SB)对人喉癌Hep-2细胞的生长抑制作用,探讨其对细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响.方法:以MTT法检测0.625～10.000 mmol/L SB对Hep-2细胞生长的抑制作用;以TUNEL法检测1.250～5.000 mmol/L SB作用24 h、48 h、72 h后的细胞凋亡情况;以琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测2.500 mmol/L SB作用24 h、48 h、72 h后的细胞DNA片段;应用流式细胞仪分析1.250 mmol/L、2.500 mmol/L、5.000 mmol/L SB作用24 h后细胞凋亡率和细胞周期变化;采用免疫组织化学SP法检测2.500 mmol/L SB作用24 h、48 h、72 h后细胞抗凋亡蛋白Survivin表达的变化.结果:SB对Hep-2细胞的生长抑制作用具有时间和剂量关系(不同时间组、不同剂量组间比较,P均＜0.01);细胞凋亡指数随SB剂量升高、作用时间延长而增加(P均＜0.01);琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见特征性的凋亡细胞DNA梯状条带;流式细胞术显示细胞凋亡率随SB剂量升高而增加(P＜0.01),细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期;2.500 mmol/L SB作用72 h,Survivin表达阳性细胞的光密度值由作用前的0.164±0.009下降至0.045±0.006(P＜0.01).结论:SB能有效抑制 Hep-2细胞的生长,其机制可能与抑制细胞Survivin蛋白表达进而诱导细胞凋亡以及参与细胞周期调控有关.     

非小细胞肺癌干细胞研究进展

目前全球范围内新发肺癌患者每年已经超过100万例[1].预计2008年美国新发肺癌患者约215 010例,因肺癌死亡的患者约161 840例,其死亡率在男性和女性患者中均占恶性肿瘤死亡率的第一位[2],目前在中国其死亡率也居恶性肿瘤死亡率之首.     

Giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), temporal arteritis or Horton's arteritis, is a systemic vasculitis which involves large and medium sized vessels, especially the extracranial branches of the carotid arteries, in persons usually older than 50 years. Permanent visual loss, ischaemic strokes, and thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms are feared complications of GCA. The treatment consists of high dose steroids. Mortality, with a correct treatment, in patients with GCA seems to be similar that of controls.     

Islet cell transplantation

People with type 1 diabetes have normal exocrine pancreatic function, making islet cell rather than whole organ transplantation an attractive option. Achieving insulin independence in type 1 diabetes was the perceived goal of islet cell transplantation. The success of the Edmonton group in achieving this in a selected group of type 1 patients has led to renewed optimism that this treatment could eventually replace whole organ pancreas transplantation. However the long-term results of this treatment indicate that insulin independence is lost with time in a significant proportion of patients, although they may retain glycaemic stability. In this context, the indications for islet cell transplantation, which have evolved over the last 5 years, indicate that the patients who benefit most are those who experience severe hypoglycaemic reactions despite optimal insulin therapy. This review will summarise the history of islet cell transplantation, islet isolation techniques, the transplant procedure, immunosuppressive therapy, indications for islet cell transplantation, current clinical trials, the early UK islet cell transplant experience using the Edmonton protocol, and some of the challenges that lie ahead.     

Hairy cell leukemia-variant

Hairy cell leukaemia variant is a very rare chronic lymphoproliferative disorder and is closely related to hairy cell leukemia. We hereby describe a case of hairy cell leukaemia variant for the first time in Saudi Arabia. An elderly Saudi man presented with pallor, massive splenomegaly, and moderate hepatomegaly. Hemoglobin was 7.7 g/dl, Platelets were 134 x109/l and white blood count was 140x10 9/l with 97% being abnormal lymphoid cells with cytoplasmic projections. The morphology, cytochemistry, and immunophenotype of the lymphoid cells were classical of hairy cell leukaemia variant. The bone marrow was easily aspirated and findings were consistent with hairy cell leukaemia variant.