硫酸吗啡控释片及芬太尼透皮贴治疗癌痛的临床观察

目的 比较硫酸吗啡控释片（美施康定）与芬太尼透皮贴（多瑞吉）对中，重度癌痛的止痛效果和不良反应。方法 将80例应用第二阶梯止痛药不能缓解的中，重度癌痛患者随分为两组，分别应用美施康定和多瑞吉进行治疗。在用药后15天评价疼痛缓解率及不良反应。结果 疼痛缓解率美施康定组82．5％（33／40），多瑞吉组为80．0％（32／40），两组无显著性差异。美施康定组便秘，恶心及呕吐发生率显著高于多瑞吉组。结论 美施康定及多瑞吉对中，重度癌痛疗效肯定，但使用多瑞吉患者便秘，恶心及呕吐等不良反应率更低，应根据患者个体情况合理选用。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗重度癌痛

目的：观察芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期癌症患者重度疼前的临床镇痛疗效、不良反应。方法：对46例晚期癌症重工疼痛患者进行为期18-182d的止痛治疗,初始剂量25ug/h,然后根据患者疼痛的缓解情况进行剂量滴定,使患者达到无痛或基本不痛,同时记录治疗前后疼痛强度及用药过程的不良反应,用药期间未行抗肿瘤治疗。结果：91.3%的重度疼痛获得中度缓解或消失,86.9%患者个体剂量为25-50ug/h,未见严重副反应。结论：芬太尼透皮贴剂对重度癌痛具有肯定的镇痛疗效。用药安全方便。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗老年癌痛的整体护理

疼痛是癌症患者常见的主要症状，作者对自2001年2月至2003年8月使用芬太尼透皮贴剂(多瑞吉)控制患者癌痛，取得了一定疗效。现将护理体会介绍如下。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗癌痛效果及不良反应

WHO已将癌症疼痛与姑息治疗、病因预防、早期发现和早期诊断及根治性综合治疗列为世界范围内解决肿瘤问题的四大重点。最大限度地缓解癌症患的疼痛，从而改善和担高癌症患生活质量实属当务之急。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂对比吗啡治疗中重度癌痛的系统评价

目的系统评价芬太尼透皮贴剂对比口服吗啡治疗中重度癌痛的效果。方法计算机检索h e Cochrane Library（2014年第1期）、Pub Med、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP、CBM和Wan Fang Data数据库,纳入芬太尼透皮贴剂对比口服吗啡治疗中重度癌痛的随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限截至2014年1月。由2位研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用Rev Man 5.1.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入35个RCT,3 406例患者。Meta分析结果显示,芬太尼透皮贴剂与口服吗啡镇痛效果差异无统计学意义[OR=1.00,95%CI（0.80,1.27）,P=0.99]。与口服吗啡相比,芬太尼透皮贴剂组患者的便秘、恶心呕吐、嗜睡和尿潴留的发生率明显较低（P〈0.05）,但皮肤刺激症状发生率明显增高（P〈0.05）。结论芬太尼透皮贴剂在治疗中重度癌痛方面效果与口服吗啡相当,且不良反应更少。但受纳入研究质量的限制,本研究结论尚需进一步开展更多高质量的RCT进行验证。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期癌痛的观察

目的 观察芬太尼透皮贴剂（多瑞吉）对晚期癌痛伴有不能吞咽药物及使用吗啡出现严重反应的止痛效果及副作用。方法 观察晚期肿瘤中度以上疼痛，同时不能口服给药患使用多瑞吉的疗效及副作用。结果 完全缓解（CR）29例，部分缓解（PR）17例，轻度缓解（MR）8例，总有效率100％，CR＋PR为85．18％。结论 多瑞吉能有效的控制晚期肿瘤中度以上疼痛。     

芬太尼透皮贴与吗啡控释片在癌痛治疗中的疗效对比

目的：评价芬太尼透皮贴剂在癌痛治疗中的临床应用价值。方法：比较芬太尼透皮贴与吗啡控释片在癌痛治疗中的疗效。结果：芬太尼透皮贴剂与吗啡控释片在癌痛治疗中疗效无明显差异，但不良反应相对较少。结论：芬太尼透皮贴疗效确定，相对安全，是目前癌痛治疗中较理想的药物之一。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂缓解中重度癌痛76例分析

目的 观察临床中重度癌痛患使用芬太尼透皮贴剂（多瑞吉）的镇痛效果，不良反应及生活质量改善情况。方法 采用多中心开放研究，76例中重度临床癌痛患使用芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗，记录疼痛变化，不良反应及生活质量改善情况。结果 76例患均取得中度以上缓解，其中完全缓解53例（70%），明显缓解15例（20%），中度缓解8例（11%），患生活质量得到明显改善，毒副作用有嗜睡，头晕，恶心，呕吐，便秘等，无严重毒副作用。结论 芬太尼透皮贴剂（多瑞吉）控制癌痛效果较好，能够明显改善患生活质量，毒副作用轻微，给药方便。     

高乌甲素透皮贴剂治疗中重度癌痛

目的高乌甲素具有镇痛、消炎、局麻、解热和消肿等作用，无精神依赖和积蓄作用。观察高乌甲素透皮贴剂治疗中重度癌痛的疗效。方法2003—03／2004—09在广西医科大学第一附属医院宁养院就诊的中重度癌痛患者。治疗组62例使用高乌甲素透皮贴剂2—6贴，贴于耳后无发处或胸前皮肤平坦处，72h更换1次，观察9d。对照组32例服用双氢可待因／醋氨酚复方片一两片，6h 1次，24h不超过8片，观察9d。结果治疗组总有效率为83．87％(52／62)，对照组为78．12％(25／32)，显示高乌甲素透皮贴剂效果稍高，差异无显著性意义(P&;gt;0．05)；两组对中度疼痛的止痛效果均优于重度疼痛(P&;lt;0．05)。不良反应治疗组少于对照组。结论高乌甲素透皮贴剂适用于慢性中度疼痛尤其是晚期癌痛患者。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期癌痛40例

目的:使用多瑞吉117例中,对40例晚期重度癌性疼痛患者应用多瑞吉(芬太尼透皮贴剂)的疗效和不良反应进行临床评价.方法:采用多瑞吉剂量逐渐递增的办法,调整剂量达到24小时无疼痛或基本不痛,每72小时更换多瑞吉一次,应用至少4周以上.观察指标包括疼痛评分,疼痛缓解率,生活质量及不良反应.结果:40例治疗超过30天,占34%,接受贴剂治疗的平均时间为38.3天.VAS评分由用药前的平均8.23,降至平均3.47,用药后疼痛明显减轻,疼痛缓解率较高.疼痛的中度以上缓解率为86.0%,明显以上缓解率为63.2%.患者的生活质量得到一定程度的改善.主要副反应有恶心、便秘、嗜睡等,患者易于耐受.结论:芬太尼透皮贴剂可以有效地控制晚期癌性疼痛,改善生活质量,副作用小.     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗老年人晚期癌痛的观察

目的 观察芬太尼透皮贴剂对＞70岁老年晚期癌痛病人止痛效果,及其不良反应。方法观察42例年龄＞70岁的晚期肿瘤并中度以上疼痛患者,使用芬太尼透皮贴的疗效及不良反应、合适剂量及其安全性。结累 完全缓解（CR）32例,部分缓解（PR）8例,轻度缓解（MR）2例,总有效率100％,CR＋PR95．25％;不良反应有头晕、嗜睡、恶心、呕吐、便秘。结论 芬太尼透皮贴能有效的控制老年晚期肿瘤患者中度以上疼痛,剂量以2．5mg为常用,特别适用于不能口服药物及使用吗啡控释片出现严重不良反应者,不良反应较少,多在一周内消失,老年病人使用安全,能有效地提高老年肿瘤病人的生存质量．     

Sustained‐release oral morphine versus transdermal fentanyl and oral methadone in cancer pain management

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic and adverse effects, doses, as well as cost of opioid drugs, supportive drug therapy and other analgesic drugs in patients treated with oral sustained‐release morphine, transdermal fentanyl, and oral methadone. Patients and methods: One hundred and eight cancer patients, no longer responsive to opioids for moderate pain, were selected to randomly receive initial daily doses of 60mg of oral sustained‐release morphine, 15mg of oral methadone, or 0.6mg (25μg/h) of transdermal fentanyl. Oral morphine was used as breakthrough pain medication during opioid titration. Opioid doses, pain intensity, adverse effects, symptomatic drugs, were recorded at week intervals for 4weeks. Costs of opioid therapy, supportive drugs, and other analgesic drugs were also evaluated. Results: Seventy patients completed the 4weeks period of study. Five, five, and four patients, treated with oral morphine, transdermal fentanyl, and oral methadone, respectively, required opioid switching. No differences in pain and symptom intensity were observed. Opioid escalation index was significantly lower in patients receiving methadone (p<0.0001), although requiring up and down changes in doses. At the doses used, methadone was significantly less expensive (p<0.0001), while the use and costs of supportive drugs and other analgesics were similar in the three groups. No relevant differences in adverse effects were observed among the groups during either the titration phase and chronic treatment. Conclusion: All the three opioids used as first‐line therapy were effective, well tolerated, and required similar amounts of symptomatic drugs or co‐analgesics. Methadone was significantly less expensive, but required more changes, up and down, of the doses, suggesting that dose titration of this drug requires major clinical expertise.     

芬太尼透皮贴剂在癌性疼痛治疗中的应用

Formorethan２０years，morphinehasbeenthestandarddrugfortreatmentofmoderateandseverecancerouspainandwaswritteninthePainRelievingGuideoftheWHOandAHCPR．Butthereisdifficultyintreatingpatientswithdysphagiaornausea，vomitingcorrelativetotumors，inwhichtheopiumcannotbeadministratedperos．Thenew－madelong－termedopoiddrughassolvedtheproblemincreasedthecomplianceofthepatientssignificantlyandcanmakethepatientssleepforseveralhoursevenawholenightsmoothlyandsteadily犤１犦．１Thepharmacologicalcharacte…     

奥施康定片治疗中、重度癌痛的临床观察与护理

目的观察奥施康定片对中、重度癌痛患者的止痛效果及不良反应。方法106例中、重度癌痛患者口服奥施康定片,记录治疗前后的疼痛强度、生活质量评分及不良反应。结果CR PR 102例,MR 3例,NR 1例。不良反应有便秘、恶心呕吐、嗜睡、头晕乏力等,发生率低。结论奥施康定片能有效控制癌性疼痛,改善生活质量,且不良反应轻微,发生率低。     

盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗中重度癌痛临床观察

目的观察盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗中重度癌痛的疗效、不良反应及对患者生活质量改善情况。方法120例中重度癌痛患者,均口服盐酸羟考酮缓释片,初始剂量为10～20rag／次,1次／12h,并根据疼痛缓解程度调整剂量至理想镇痛。用药14d后观察患者疼痛数字评分法（numericalratingscale,NRS）评分、疼痛缓解率、生活质量改善及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后NRS评分（1．46±1．13）低于治疗前（6．37±1．63）（P〈O．05）;治疗后疼痛完全缓解64例,部分缓解52例,疼痛总缓解率为96．7％;治疗后生活质量评分较治疗前增高（P〈O．05）;不良反应轻。结论盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗中重度癌痛效果满意,可改善患者生活质量。     

A retrospective study on the use of oral morphine in cancer pain

The authors report a retrospective study of 390 cancer pain patients tested with oral morphine during a four-month period. Initial pain scores were reduced to one half after one week of treatment and then maintained throughout the study period. Mean daily dosages of morphine were lower in those patients 65 years and older. No significant changes in performance in relation to therapy were noted except for an increase in hours of sleep. An accurate titration of dosage and continued control of side effects are the main requirements of this method of administration. The presence of side effects and the cause of interruption of treatment are reported.     

Is there a ceiling effect of transdermal buprenorphine? Preliminary data in cancer patients

Objective The aim of this preliminary study was to explore the possibility of using higher doses of transdermal buprenorphine (TD-BUP) than those commonly used and available as manufactured patches, which are based on the assumption that BUP may have a ceiling effect that has never been determined yet. Materials and methods Ten patients who were already receiving TD-BUP (70 μg/h, which is about 1.6 mg/day) and were no longer responsive to this dosage were administered higher doses up to a maximum of 140 μg/h within 6 days, when the study was completed. Results In six patients, dose increments of TD-BUP were effective, and patients achieved adequate analgesia within 6 days. Four patients discontinued the treatment due to inefficacy of TD-BUP 140 μg/h and were switched to other opioids until achieving stabilization (oxycodone 320 and 400 mg/day, methadone 120 mg/day, transdermal fentanyl 200 μg/h). This group of patients required higher doses than those chosen for TD-BUP, underlying the need to escalate the dose rapidly, a modality not accomplished with transdermal drugs. Adverse effects did not change and were similar to those observed before increasing the dose of TD-BUP. On the basis of these preliminary data, patients requiring doses higher than 70 μg/h of TD-BUP, in the range of 105–140 μg/h, may still have an analgesic benefit without important consequences in terms of adverse effects. It cannot be excluded that even higher doses may be effective, as some patients required rapid titration with higher morphine equivalent doses, and according to the protocol, other opioids were provided to facilitate this process. Further studies should clarify the role and the benefit of TD-BUP in specific clinical circumstances.     

Transdermal fentanyl and initial dose-finding with patient-controlled analgesia in cancer pain. A pilot study with 20 terminally ill cancer patients

This pilot study evaluated the efficacy and side effects of a combination of initial patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for dose-finding with transdermal fentanyl administration. Twenty inpatients, requiring strong opioids for severe cancer pain, received intravenous fentanyl on an on-demand basis over a 24-h period. The amount of fentanyl administered was then used as a guideline for selecting a suitable transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) on the 2nd day, which remained in place for 3 days. The size of 2nd TTS, being used from day 5 to 7, was adjusted according to the amount of supplementary intravenous fentanyl doses on day 3. From day 4 to 7 intravenous fentanyl was stopped, and subcutaneous morphine was made available as a rescue medication. A standardized adjuvant medication was allowed. Pain intensity, pain relief, quality of sleep, mood, general state of health, activity, mobility, rescue morphine consumption and side effects were assessed using a diary after baseline pain and symptoms were recorded. Vital functions were monitored and fentanyl plasma levels were measured daily in 15 patients.

The use of TTS fentanyl in combination with initial dose titration using PCA gave rapid and statistically significant pain relief. Patient compliance and acceptance were excellent. In the absence of severe side effects the main complaints were dryness of the mouth and constipation.

Increasing pain intensity and increasing supplementary morphine requirements as well as decreasing plasma fentanyl levels on day 7 may indicate that conversion ratios from intravenous to transdermal administration should be increased or that TTS should be changed earlier. Special indications for this combination may be in patients with dysphagia or vomiting, where pain management could be facilitated.     

加味温胆汤与芬太尼透皮贴剂合用治疗重度癌痛30例

目的观察加味温胆汤化裁而成的中药汤剂与芬太尼透皮贴剂合用是否可减轻重度癌痛患者不良反应与强化控痛效果,并探讨使用后患者的生活质量改善程度。方法2001-02/2002-02对30例重度癌痛患者采用芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗起始剂量25μg/h,每3日更换1次,期间根据疼痛情况进行剂量调整直到患者无痛或基本不痛为止,同时每天口服以加味温胆汤化裁成的中药汤剂1剂,治疗15d,观察治疗前后的疼痛强度,生活质量评分,用药不良反应。结果加味温胆汤与芬太尼贴剂合用治疗后,疼痛完全缓解24例(80%),明显缓解6例(20%)(t=24.27,P<0.001)。患者用药后食欲、睡眠、精神状态、日常生活、与人交往等均得到明显改善(t=-11.12～-1.50,P<0.001),患者不良反应程度轻,其中头晕3例,便秘3例,嗜睡2例,恶心呕吐2例。结论芬太尼贴剂合用加味温胆汤中药治疗重度癌痛,控制癌痛效果好,不良反应轻微,能够明显改善癌症患者的生活质量。     

芬太尼透皮贴与吗啡治疗癌痛效果的Meta分析

目的：评价芬太尼透皮贴和吗啡缓释片在控制中重度癌痛的效果及不良反应的情况。方法以“芬太尼透皮贴∕多瑞吉∕吗啡∕美菲康∕癌症∕癌痛∕随机∕对照”为关键词,检索公开发表的相关随机对照试验。根据澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心对RCT的评价原则进行文献评价,采用RevMan 5．0软件对本系统评价关注的结局指标进行M eta分析。结果共纳入10篇文献,疼痛缓解率差异无统计学意义,头晕嗜睡、恶心呕吐、便秘发生率差异有统计学意义。结论芬太尼透皮贴剂和口服吗啡控释片治疗中重度癌痛的效果相近,但芬太尼透皮贴剂头晕嗜睡、恶心呕吐、便秘等主要不良反应的发生率较低。