荆芥穗挥发油的顶空气相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的 建立荆芥穗挥发油的顶空气相色谱（HSGC）指纹图谱分析方法,为全面控制和评价荆芥穗挥发油的质量提供依据。方法 采用HSGC法,以胡薄荷酮为参照物对10批荆芥穗挥发油进行指纹图谱分析。顶空条件：以DMF为初溶剂,水为终溶剂;顶空瓶体积为10 mL,取样体积为5 mL,顶空恒温温度为90 ℃,平衡时间为40 min,进样量为0.5 mL,进样方式为气体。色谱柱为HP-5（30 m×0.53 mm,2.65 μm）,进样器温度为220 ℃,检测器温度为250 ℃,程序升温：初始30 ℃,保持5 min;5 ℃/min升至90 ℃,保持2 min;2 ℃/min升至160 ℃;10 ℃/min升至200 ℃,保持3 min。结果 建立了荆芥穗挥发油HSGC指纹图谱共有模式,标定了11个共有峰,10批荆芥穗挥发油的相似度均在0.9以上。结论 该指纹图谱方法简便、重复性好,可专属地研究荆芥穗挥发油的指纹图谱并为全面控制荆芥穗挥发油的内在质量提供依据。     

牡丹皮HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立牡丹皮的HPLC指纹图谱。方法 色谱柱为Dikma Diamonsil C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;以乙腈-水（含0.085%磷酸）为流动相梯度洗脱;柱温35 ℃;体积流量1 mL/min;检测波长254 nm（0～21.5 min）,230 nm（21.5～45 min）,254 nm（45～60 min）;进样量20 μL。采用高分辨LC-MS/MS技术进行色谱峰指认。结果 该方法精密度、稳定性和重复性良好。采用高分辨LC-MS/MS方法对20个共有峰中的18个色谱峰进行了定性鉴别。采用该方法测定了10批不同产地的牡丹皮,其相似度均在0.96以上。结论 本实验为牡丹皮的全面质量评价奠定了基础。     

气相色谱法测定牡荆油胶丸中β-丁香烯

目的 建立气相色谱法测定牡荆油胶丸中β-丁香烯的方法。方法 用气相色谱法。色谱条件：色谱柱为HP-5石英毛细管柱（30.0 m×320 μm×0.25 μm）;进样口温度：230 ℃;恒流：1 mL/min;分流比10∶1;检测口温度：260 ℃;进样量1 μL;程序升温,起始温度80 ℃,以8 ℃/min升至200 ℃,保持5 min。结果 β-丁香烯在0.002～0.16 mg/mL呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=0.055 1 X－0.008, r=0.999 9,平均回收率为99.32%,RSD为1.56%。结论 采用气相色谱法对牡荆油胶丸中β-丁香烯进行测定,方法简便、快速、准确、重复性好。     

痛安注射液HPLC指纹图谱的研究

目的 建立痛安注射液的指纹图谱,更有效地控制该产品的质量。方法 采用HPLC法对痛安注射液指纹图谱进行研究。色谱柱为Diamonsil C₁₈柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),保护柱：Phenomenex C₁₈ (4 mm×3 mm, 5 μm);流动相：0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾-乙腈,线性梯度洗脱;体积流量：1 mL/min;进样量：10 μL;柱温：30 ℃;检测波长为230 nm。采用国家药典委员会推荐的中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统的操作规范软件（版本2004A）进行评价。结果 制剂中选定的共有峰分离良好。结论 该方法为痛安注射液的质量控制提供了较全面的信息,利于产品的质量控制。     

白芷、川芎药对配伍挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的 研究白芷、川芎单味药及其药对的挥发油成分,并考察白芷、川芎药对配伍对挥发油成分的影响。方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取白芷、川芎单味药及其药对的挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,结合计算机检索,并与文献资料比对,进行化学成分的分离和鉴定。色谱条件：TR5-MS毛细管色谱柱（30 m× 0.25 mm,0.25 μm）;载气为高纯氦气;进样口温度250℃;进样量1 μL,分流比50：1;恒流模式,载气流速1.00 mL/min;程序升温：起始温度50℃,保持1 min,以5℃/min 的速率升至240℃,保持1 min,然后以5℃/min 升至280℃,并保持1 min。质谱条件：电子轰击（EI）离子源,电子能量70 eV,离子源温度220℃,传输线温度280℃,质量范围（m/z）：50～650 amu,数据采集扫描模式为全扫描,溶剂延迟5 min。结果 在白芷、川芎、药对（1：1）、药对（4：1）的挥发油及白芷、川芎等浓度挥发油混合物（药对等浓度挥发油）中分别鉴定出69、59 、59、60、78 种化合物,其中共有成分19种。结论 从挥发油的组分及含量来看,不同配伍比例药对挥发油的成分有很大的不同,单味药挥发油组分的含量在药对中都发生了变化。     

GC法测定艾片中l-龙脑、异龙脑和樟脑

目的 建立一种定量测定艾片中l-龙脑、异龙脑和樟脑的方法。方法 采用GC法测定艾片中l-龙脑、异龙脑和樟脑的量。分析柱为CP-WAX毛细管柱（30 m×0.32 mm,0.5 μm）;升温程序为80 ℃保持5 min,以10 ℃/min快速升温至220 ℃,保持5 min;进样分流比为1∶8;FID检测器温度为250 ℃;进样口温度为250 ℃;载气为高纯氮气,体积流量为3.0 mL/min,空气体积流量为400 mL/min,氢气体积流量为47 mL/min;进样量为1 μL。结果 樟脑、异龙脑和l-龙脑分别在0.10～8.08、0.10～7.98、0.10～8.16 mg/mL具有良好线性关系;平均回收率分别为97.52%、98.31%、98.16%,RSD分别为1.45%、1.18%、1.32%。结论 本法操作简便、准确,精密度、分离度良好,分析时间短,为艾片的测定及其质量控制提供了参考。     

黑龙江产万寿菊花醇提物的指纹图谱研究

目的 建立黑龙江产万寿菊花醇提物的指纹图谱并定性分析共有峰,为万寿菊花的质量控制提供参考。方法 采用HPLC分离UV检测建立色谱指纹图谱,Zorbax Eclipse XDB C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,体积流量1 mL/min,柱温25 ℃,检测波长254 nm;用LC-MS定性共有峰,电喷雾离子源（ESI）,负离子模式扫描,雾化器压力241.325 kPa,干燥器温度350 ℃,干燥气体积流量10 L/min,扫描范围：m/z 50～1 000。结果 万寿菊花醇提物的指纹图谱有8个共有峰,并具有较好的精密度、重复性和稳定性,其中5个共有峰所对应的化学物质为万寿菊素、异槲皮素、异槲皮素苷和槲皮万寿菊素及其苷。结论 建立的万寿菊花醇提物的指纹图谱,为万寿菊花的质量控制提供参考。     

宜肝乐颗粒的质量标准研究

目的 建立宜肝乐颗粒的定性、定量鉴别方法。方法 采用薄层色谱法对宜肝乐颗粒中鸡矢藤、功劳木、虎杖进行定性鉴别;高效液相色谱法测定宜肝乐颗粒中大黄素,Zorbax C₁₈色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相：甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(80∶20);检测波长：288 nm;体积流量：1.0 mL/min;柱温： 室温;进样量：10 μL。在此色谱条件下,理论塔板数按大黄素峰计达3 000以上,分离度为2.0。结果 3味药材的薄层色谱鉴别呈阳性;建立的定量测定方法可用于宜肝乐颗粒中大黄素的测定。结论 薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱法简便、准确、灵敏,可作为宜肝乐颗粒质量控制的有效方法。     

养血清脑颗粒治疗高血压病临床疗效观察

[目的]探讨养血清脑颗粒治疗高血压病的临床疗效。[方法]将63例原发性Ⅱ期高血压患者随机分为养血清脑颗粒治疗组和对照组,分别口服养血清脑颗粒和卡托普利片,观察养血清脑颗粒的临床疗效。[结果]养血清脑颗粒能够有效降低高血压患者的收缩压与舒张压,与卡托普利组比较,两者无显著性差异(P>0.05),养血清脑颗粒能够显著改善高血压患者的临床症状。在服药期间未发现不良反应。[结论]养血清脑颗粒能够有效地降低高血压患者的血压,明显改善临床症状。     

蕨麻的高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的 建立蕨麻药材HPLC指纹图谱分析方法。方法 Kromasil C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);水-乙腈为流动相,采用线性梯度洗脱;体积流量为1.0 mL/min;柱温30 ℃;检测波长208 nm。结果 共有9个共有峰。共有峰的相对保留时间和相对峰面积的RSD均小于3%,符合指纹图谱相关要求。结论 此方法准确、可靠。该指纹图谱能够用于蕨麻药材的鉴定及质量评价。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.