板蓝根双糖fructopyrano-（1→4）-glucopyranose对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长及免疫功能的影响

 目的 探讨板蓝根双糖fructopyrano-（1→4）-glucopyranose（FG）的体内抗肿瘤作用及其对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法 建立小鼠肉瘤S180及小鼠肝癌H22移植性肿瘤模型,观察FG对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用;采用腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬实验、淋巴细胞转化实验及Elisa法测定细胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-12、TNF-α的水平,检测FG对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果 在50、100、200 mg·kg^-1时FG 对S180的肿瘤生长抑制率分别为23.60%、36.76%、49.26%,对H22肿瘤生长抑制率分别为22.61%、36.52%、46.95%,且能提高荷瘤小鼠的脾指数和胸腺指数;FG能增强荷瘤小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,促进淋巴细胞转化反应,升高荷瘤小鼠细胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-12、TNF-α的水平。结论 FG有较强的体内抗肿瘤活性,其抗肿瘤机制可能与增强荷瘤机体免疫功能有关。     

Immunomodulatory activity of biopolymeric fraction BOS 2000 from Boswellia serrata

Oral administration of BOS 2000 (1-10 mg/kg) elicited a dose related increase in the delayed hypersensitivity reaction (early 24 h and delayed 48 h) in mice. It also stimulated the IgM and IgG titre expressed in the form of plaques (PFC) and complement fixing antibody titre. The concentration of cytokines (IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) in serum with respect to T cell interactions, i.e. (CD4/CD8) and the proliferation of lymphocytes were significantly increased at 10 mg/kg compared with the control. The results in these studies demonstrated the immunostimulatory effect of BOS 2000 in a dose-dependent manner with respect to the macrophage activation possibly expressing the phagocytosis and nitrite production by the enhancement of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production as a mode of action.     

Modulatory effects of several herbal extracts on avian peripheral blood cell immune responses

Standardized ethanol extracts of Allium sativum (garlic), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), Plantago major (plantain) and Hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) were assessed for their effects on cellular immunity in laying hens. Birds (n = 25) had blood samples taken and both specific and non-specific immune cell responsiveness were evaluated by a leukocyte proliferation assay, carbon clearance test and SRBC phagocytosis in monocyte-derived macrophage cultures. Licorice and sea buckthorn (50 microg/mL) clearly enhanced the macrophage membrane function (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Dual effects on circulating phagocytes were revealed for plantain and sea buckthorn, while garlic at 200 microg/mL impaired the phagocytic capacity of blood cells. None of the tested extracts showed mitogenic properties, but high concentrations of sea buckthorn (400 microg/mL) inhibited leukocyte proliferation. Small concentrations (20 microg/mL) of licorice proved the co-mitogenic potential for both T and B avian lymphocytes (p < 0.05). Certain extracts definitely enhanced the fowl innate and/or specific cell immunity and may therefore improve host resistance in poultry. Considering the chicken as an important non-mammalian model that also serves as an available laboratory approach for some human diseases, herbs exerting immunomodulatory properties may find relevant clinical applications.     

Seselin from Plumbago zeylanica inhibits phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cell proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Effects of seselin (C(14)H(12)O(3); MW 228) identified from Plumbago zeylanica on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cell proliferation were studied in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The data demonstrated that seselin inhibited PBMC proliferation-activated with PHA with an IC(50) of 53.87+/-0.74 microM. Cell viability test indicated that inhibitory effects of seselin on PBMC proliferation were not through direct cytotoxicity. The action mechanisms of seselin may involve the regulation of cell cycle progression, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in PBMC. Since cell cycle analysis indicated that seselin arrested the cell cycle progression of activated PBMC from the G(1) transition to the S phase. Seselin suppressed IL-2 and IFN-gamma production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, seselin significantly decreased the IL-2 and IFN-gamma gene expression in PHA-activated PBMC. Therefore, results elucidated for the first time that seselin is likely an immunomodulatory agent for PBMC.     

黄芪提取物免疫调节活性的体外实验研究

目的：研究黄芪提取物（Astragalus membranaceus extract,AME)对人的外周血免疫细胞（PBIC）免疫功能的调节作用。方法：采用^3H-TdR掺入法分析AME对外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）的增殖活性及对外周血粘附单核细胞（PBAM）吞噬肿瘤细胞的影响；采用^51Cr释放法测定AME对杀伤性T细胞（CTL）杀伤肿瘤细胞的影响；用ELISA法和生物学法研究AME对外周血B细胞（PBBC）产生IgG及对PBAM产生细胞因子的影响；采用SDS－PAGE分析AME的蛋白组成。结果：AME能促进PBMC的增殖；提高CTL对肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性；增强PBAM对肿瘤细胞的吞噬和产生细胞因子的功能；促进了PBBC产生IgG;AME含有多种蛋白成分。结论：AME对人免疫功能有增强作用，提高了抗肿瘤免疫效应，可应用于临床调节免疫功能和治疗肿瘤等疾病。     

红芪口服液增强免疫力的药理作用研究

[目的]考察红芪口服液对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响,为其临床用药提供一定实验依据.[方法]实验选用雄性昆明小鼠,采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺(35 mg/kg)方法复制免疫低下动物模型,设置正常组、模型组、红芪口服液低(5.2 mL/kg)、中(20.8 mL/kg)、高(41.6 mL/kg)剂量组,连续灌胃给...     

Immunomodulatory effects of Abnormal Savda Munsiq,a traditional Uighur medicine,on the combined stress mice

Objective

To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of ASMq, a herbal preparation used in Traditional Uighur Medicine, on the combined stress mice.

Materials and methods

The combined stress was induced on mice by application of the electric-foot shock in a cold–dry environment and three different doses of ASMq were orally administered to the animals for 14 days. The effect of ASMq on the immune apparatus weight index, lymphocytes proliferation, serum levels of the cytokines, immunoglobulins, hemolysin and NK cells as well as the phagocytic activity of the macrophages were evaluated.

Results

Oral administration of ASMq was found to increase the thymus and spleen indices, lymphocytes proliferation induced by Con A and LPS, the percentage of CD4⁺ in thymus, spleen and peripheral blood and restore the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. The serum concentrations of INF-β, IL-2, IL-6, IgG, NK cells and hemolysin were also increased. The macrophage phagocytic activity was also enhanced.     

古尼拟青霉胞外多糖的免疫抑制活性

目的:研究古尼拟青霉胞外多糖的生物活性.方法:分别采用MTT法、中性红比色法测定古尼拟青霉胞外多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、腹腔巨噬细胞(PMΦ)吞噬功能以及细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL)的杀伤活性的影响.结果:古尼拟青霉胞外多糖在10 μg/ml剂量时能明显抑制小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能以及细胞毒T淋巴细胞的活性.结论:古尼拟青霉胞外多糖具有免疫抑制的生物活性,在免疫抑制类药物开发方面展现了良好的应用前景.     

白附子对人T细胞和单核细胞的调节活性

目的：研究中药白附子的免疫学调节活性。方法：用^3H介入法测定了中药白附子提取物（Rhizoma typhonii extract,RTE)对小鼠脾细胞和人淋巴细胞的增殖活性；用绵羊红细胞花结形成试验分离纯化淋巴细胞后，检测了RTE的效应细胞；用^51Cr游离实验测定了人杀伤细胞和自然杀伤细胞的杀伤活性，用ELISA法和生物法研究了单核细胞的细胞因子产生，并用^3H介入法分析了单核细胞对肿瘤细胞的吞噬功能；用层析法分析了白附子的化学成分，并用SDS－PAGE法测定了其有效成分的分子量。结果：RTE对小鼠脾细胞和人淋巴细胞的增殖活性有很强的促进作用，并有较好的量效关系；RTE的效应细胞是T细胞；RTE增强人杀伤细胞对肿瘤细胞的特异性杀伤活性和自然杀伤细胞的非特异性杀伤活性、增强单核细胞的细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素1）产生，并增强单核细胞对肿瘤细胞的吞噬功能。白附子的化学成分为66道尔顿的糖蛋白。结论：RTE对人的T细胞和单核细胞有免疫增强作用，并通过刺激机体的免疫系统杀伤或吞噬肿瘤细胞和外来抗原，这些活性可应用于临床调节免疫功能和治疗肿瘤等疾病。     

补肾方对慢性乙型肝炎T细胞亚群及其功能的影响

目的观察补肾方对慢性乙型肝炎患者免疫功能状态的调节作用。方法收集HBeAg阳性ALT异常者30例,给予补肾方治疗,用药6个月,于用药前、用药3个月、6个月时分别检测下列指标。采用罗氏荧光定量PCR法检测HBVDNA,外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)加入HBeAg、HBcAg与植物血凝素(Phytohemagglutinin,PHA)培养48h,检测培养上清液中IL-10、IFN-γ,血液中CD4^+、CD8^+、CD8^+CD28^+、CD8^+CD28^-和CD28^+T细胞的比例及加入HBeAg、HBcAg与PHA培养48h后培养细胞中CD8^+CD28^+的比例。结果补肾方治疗有效组在治疗3个月后,PBMC培养中IFN-γ较治疗前明显上升,IL-10明显下降(P<0．05,P<0．01);CD8^+CD28^+T、CD28^+T、培养后CD8^+CD28^+T细胞较治疗前明显上升,CD8^+CD28^-T细胞明显下降(P<0．05或P<0．01)。结论补肾方能明显增强Th1型细胞因子的表达,降低Th2型细胞因子的表达,促进CD8^+(Cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)的表达,这可能是使HBVDNA复制得到抑制的机制之一.     

Tanshinlactone A from Salvia miltiorrhiza modulates interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma gene expression

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Tanshen), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is popularly used to treat cardiovascular disorders. In the present study, effects of tanshinlactone A (C(16)H(12)O(4); M.W. 268), newly discovered from Salvia miltiorrhiza, on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cell proliferation were investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The results indicated that tanshinlactone A inhibited PBMC proliferation activated with PHA with an IC(50) of 15.6+/-1.9 microM. Cell viability test indicated that inhibitory effects of tanshinlactone A on PBMC proliferation were not through direct cytotoxicity. Furthermore, tanshinlactone A significantly decreased the interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) gene expression in PHA-activated PBMC. It reduced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) involving extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), P38, and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) in PHA-treated PBMC. We suggested that the inhibitory effects of tanshinlactone A on PHA-induced PBMC proliferation, appeared to be mediated, at least in part, through reduction of MAPK activation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. Therefore, data demonstrate for the first time that tanshinlactone A is likely an immunomodulatory agent for PBMC.     

氟伐他汀对人外周血T淋巴细胞活性的影响

 目的　研究氟伐他汀对人外周血T淋巴细胞活性的影响。方法　采用流式细胞术分析T细胞活化和增殖情况,ELISA法检测细胞因子分泌量,TransAM^TMELISA法测定活化T细胞核因子 (NFAT)的活化状态。结果　氟伐他汀能抑制T细胞表面CD69的表达,显著抑制T细胞增殖,对CD25的表达无影响。能抑制NFAT的活化,显著降低IL-2的产生,对IFN-γ和IL-10的分泌几无影响,但明显诱导IL-4的分泌。结论　氟伐他汀具有免疫抑制作用。     

山药多糖对低强度连续微波辐射小鼠免疫系统功能的影响

目的探究山药多糖对低强度连续微波辐射致小鼠免疫系统功能损伤的保护作用。方法将ICR雄性小鼠随机分为5组,即空白对照组、辐射损伤组及山药多糖低、中、高剂量组(200、400、800 mg/kg)。除空白对照组外,对其余各组小鼠施行10 mW/cm~2、5 min/d、连续30 d的微波辐照,建立低强度连续微波辐射损伤小鼠模型。自辐射的21 d起,各组小鼠分别给予以下处理:山药多糖低、中、高剂量组小鼠按照200、400、800 mg/kg的剂量灌胃给药,空白对照组与辐射损伤组给予等体积蒸馏水,各组均连续干预10 d。分别检测细胞免疫和体液免疫的相关指标,包括胸腺指数、脾脏指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数、T淋巴细胞增殖率以及血清IgG、IL-4的含量。结果与空白对照组比较,辐射损伤组小鼠脾脏指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬指数、T淋巴细胞增殖刺激指数及血清IgG含量下降,血清IL-4水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。与辐射损伤组比较,山药多糖不同剂量组可提高微波辐射损伤小鼠的巨噬细胞吞噬指数,T淋巴细胞增殖的刺激指数及血清IgG水平,降低血清IL-4水平(P0.05,P0.01)。结论山药多糖对低强度连续微波辐射引起的小鼠免疫系统功能损伤有明显改善作用。     

当归多糖促进慢性粒细胞白血病细胞性树突状细胞的诱导生成

目的 探讨当归多糖(APS)对慢性粒细胞白血病细胞诱导生成树突状细胞(DCs)的影响。方法 取慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)患者骨髓单个核细胞，分别予粒-巨噬集落刺激因子(GM—CSF)／白介素-4(IL-4)培养或GM-CSF／IL-4联合各浓度APS(50，100，200mg／L)培养，普通光镜和电镜观察细胞形态，台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞成活率，流式细胞仪检测DCs的免疫表型(CD80，CD86，CD83)，自体或异体混合淋巴细胞反应检测DCs刺激T淋巴细胞的增殖能力。结果GM-GSF/TL-4或GM-CSF，IL-4／APS诱导培养的慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓单个核细胞均表现出典型的树突状形态而且表达高水平的免疫表型。GM-CSF／IL-4／APS培养的DCs的细胞成活率和增殖能力显著提高，CD83，CD80，CD86表达显著升高，APS组慢性粒细胞白血病细胞诱导的树突状细胞(CML-DCs)刺激T淋巴细胞的增殖能力更强。结论 GM-CSF/IL-4/APS培养的DCs的CD83，CD80、CD86表达率明显高于GM-CSF／IL-4组。GM-CSF／IL-4／APS诱生的CML-DCs刺激T淋巴细胞增殖能力强于GM-CSF／IL-4组。APS能促进IL-4和GM-CSF对CML-DCs的诱生与成熟。     

重组葡萄球菌肠毒素A及其突变体蛋白促淋巴细胞增殖作用的研究

 目的 观察重组葡萄球菌肠毒素A（rSEA）及其突变体蛋白对淋巴细胞增殖、活化作用及对淋巴细胞亚群分群的影响。方法 分离健康人外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）及小鼠脾淋巴细胞悬液,体外经rSEA及其3种突变体（rSEA/H187A、rSEA/H225A和rSEA/D227A）蛋白刺激后,采用噻唑蓝法（MTT）检测人和小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖水平,采用流式细胞术检测人外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺T细胞）及活化CD4⁺、CD8⁺ T细胞和自然杀伤细胞（NK）的含量。结果 5~20 mg·L^-1的rSEA及其3个突变体蛋白对人PBMC和小鼠脾淋巴细胞均有明显促增殖作用（P<0.05）;经rSEA、rSEA/H225A刺激后的人PBMC中,CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺T细胞的含量明显高于对照组,rSEA/H187A能上调CD3⁺和CD8⁺T细胞,而rSEA/D227A只上调CD8⁺T细胞（P<0.05）;rSEA及3种突变体蛋白均能上调活化CD4⁺和CD8⁺T细胞,rSEA、rSEA/H187A、rSEA/H225A能上调NK细胞含量（P<0.05）。结论 rSEA及其3种突变体（rSEA/H187A、rSEA/H225A和rSEA/D227A）蛋白对淋巴细胞均有明显促增殖和活化作用,并可不同程度地上调T淋巴细胞亚群CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺ 及NK细胞的含量,为筛选出低毒、高效的升白细胞相关药物候选突变体奠定基础。
     

苦参碱对人T淋巴细胞增殖及IL-2IFN-γ影响的机制探讨

目的：探讨苦参碱对T淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ的影响。方法：使用苦参碱在不同浓度或在不同时间内对人T淋巴细胞进行体外诱导培养,利用CCK-8法检测不同浓度苦参碱对T淋巴细胞增殖的影响程度。用ELISA试剂盒测定培养上清液中的IL-2、IFN-γ细胞因子水平。结果：苦参碱在0.1、0.5mg/mL剂量范围内能促进T淋巴细胞增殖反应,而1.0、2.0和3.0mg/mL苦参碱对人T淋巴细胞增殖呈抑制作用。人T淋巴细胞受不同浓度苦参碱刺激时,0.1、0.5mg/mL苦参碱组IL-2和IFN-γ水平与对照组相比显著升高（P〈0.01）,1.0mg/mL苦参碱抑制IL-2和IFN-γ的分泌。结论：苦参碱对人外周血T淋巴细胞的增殖呈双向作用;低浓度苦参碱能诱导人T淋巴细胞分泌IL-2和IFN-γ。     

佛手多糖对免疫低下小鼠细胞因子的影响

目的：研究佛手多糖的免疫调节作用。方法：用环磷酸胺造成免疫低下小鼠动物模型,取小鼠巨噬细胞加不同浓度佛手多糖,测定巨噬细胞内外ＩＬ－６、ＩＬ－１水平。ＩＬ－６、ＩＬ－１的检测采用放射免疫法。结果：佛手多糖浓度在４ｍｇ／ｍＬ、２ｍｇ／ｍＬ可提高巨噬细胞外低下的ＩＬ－６水平;但用该方法检测不到ＩＬ－１。结论：佛手多糖具有一定的免疫增强作用。     

超声波对古尼虫草菌丝体多糖免疫调节活性的影响

目的:研究古尼虫草菌丝体多糖经超声波解聚前后的免疫调节活性.疗法:用超声波解聚古尼虫草菌丝体多糖,并分别采用MTT法、中性红比色法测定古尼虫草菌丝体多糖及其解聚物对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、腹腔巨噬细胞(PMφ)吞噬功能以及细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL)杀伤活性的影响.结果:解聚后的古尼虫草菌丝体多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、PMφ吞噬功能以及CTL活性的免疫抑制效果明显增强,尤其在10μg/ml和100μg/ml剂量时的抑制效果更好.古尼虫草菌丝体多糖并不随超声波解聚时间的延长而提高其免疫抑制活性,解聚1～2h和4～8 h的抑制效果没有显著的差异.结论:古尼虫草菌丝体多糖经超声波解聚后有更强的免疫调节活性,其解聚时间以1～2 h为宜.     

Macrophages, rather than T and B cells are principal immunostimulatory target cells of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharide LBPF4-OL

Aim of the study

Lycium barbarum L. is a renowned Yin strengthening agent in traditional Chinese medicine. Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharide-protein complex is well-known for its immunoregulatory and antitumor effects. LBPF4-OL is the glycan part of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharide-protein complex fraction 4 (LBPF4). LBPF4-OL's active contribution in LBPF4 is still blank. In the study, we enrich the polysaccharide part of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharide-protein complex, and investigate its immunostimulatory effects on mouse spleen cells, T cells, B cells and macrophages.

Materials and methods

Balb/C mice were used in vitro and in vivo studies. In in vitro study, lymphocyte proliferations were analyzed with ³H-TdR incorporation method. Miltenyi MicroBeads were used in the purification of lymphocytes. Activation of T and B cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. In order to obtain the peritoneal macrophages, mice were injected i.p. with 1 mL of sodium thioglycollate 3 days prior to killing. Spleen cells were stimulated with LBPF4-OL and cytokine concentrations in the supernatants were determined by multiplex bead analysis. In in vivo study, mice were injected i.p. with 1 mL of normal saline or 100 μg/mL LBPF4-OL daily for 6 days. Peritoneal macrophage functions were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry assay.

Results

Spleen cells and lymphocyte proliferation assay indicated that LBPF4-OL markedly induced the spleen cell proliferation, but could not induce proliferation of purified T and B lymphocytes. Further research revealed that B cell proliferation took place in the presence of activated macrophages or LPS. Multiplex bead analysis showed that LBPF4-OL can obviously induce IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α production of the spleen cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that LBPF4-OL (i.p.) prompts CD86 and MHC-II molecules expression on macrophages. ELISA assay showed that LBPF4-OL can greatly strengthen macrophage releasing of TNF-α and IL-1β.

Conclusion

These results suggested that glycan LBPF4-OL plays an important role in the immunopharmacological activity of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharide-protein complex, and primary mouse macrophages, rather than T and B cells, are the principal target cells of it.     

A 'Yang-Invigorating' Chinese herbal formula protects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

The effects of VI-28 (a Yang-invigorating Chinese herbal formula) treatment on the renal mitochondrial antioxidant system and susceptibility to gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated in rats. VI-28 treatment (80 or 240 mg/kg/day x 12) enhanced the renal mitochondrial antioxidant system, as indicated by dose-dependent increases in the level/activities of reduced glutathione, Mn-superoxide dismutase, Se-glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferases. VI-28 treatment protected against nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin administration (100 mg/kg/day x 8) and the nephroprotection was associated with an enhancement in the renal mitochondrial antioxidant system. In conclusion, VI-28 treatment enhanced the renal mitochondrial antioxidant system, thereby protecting against gentamicin nephrotoxicity.