Effects of an organophosphorus compound on pulmonary and systemic circulations

Shortly (30–90 min) after an intragastric administration of the organophosphorus pesticide Anthio to cats, their cardiac output begins to decrease and the right ventricular output decreased to a greater extent than the left. Blood is redistributed to the greater circulation with a diminution of blood flow in the pulmonary lobar vessels. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 18–21, January, 1994     

Two types of hemodynamic rearrangements in hypertensive patients during treatment with millimeter electromagnetic waves

Two types of hemodynamic rearrangements, due to a decrease in the stroke index and a decrease in the total peripheral vascular resistance, are revealed. As a result of treatment these rearrangements allow the systolic and diastolic arterial pressure to be corrected and enable the severity of clinical symptoms to be reduced along with the doses of administered drugs. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 222–224, August, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The mechanism of pulmonary hypertension in rats with high-altitude hypoxia

Morphofunctional examinations of the lungs of rats exposed to high-altitude conditions for 3 to 300 days revealed that systolic pulmonary hypertension observed during the entire period of study is caused by a total increase of the elastic resistance of pulmonary arteries. Adequate bloodflow in such a case is provided by intensive work of the right-ventricular myocardium against this resistance. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 324–327, March, 1996 Presented by V. A. Trufakin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lymph circulation in the febrile reaction and possible antipyretic correction

The febrile reaction in dogs, as established experimentally, is accompanied by a significant intensification of the lymph flow. Metapyrin provides a strong boost to the lymph circulation, improving exchange processes between the blood and tissues Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 180–181, February, 1994     

Physiological concentrations of endothelin-1 cause only coronary vasodilatation in anesthetized rats

Various concentrations of the peptide endothelin-1 were tested for their effect on coronary vascular resistance in anesthetized rats. Intracoronary infusion of this peptide over 4 min in a total dose that gave rise to blood concentrations of 0.002–0.003 or 0.2–0.3 fmol/ml elicited only a decrease in the estimated coronary vascular resistance. It is suggested that only supraphysiological doses of endothelin are likely to exert a powerful vasoconstrictive effect on coronary vessels and cause myocardial ischemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 16–19, July, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin. Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Pathomorphologic investigation of intraorgan arteries in patients with coarctation of the aorta

A stereotypic angiospasm develops in intraorganic arteries during coarctation of the aorta, which is characterized by different functional impacts: resistance in the basin of elevated vascular pressure and pressure and bloodflow regulation in the hypotension basin. The most marked structural changes are observed in the renal and coronary arteries. Changes in the small coronary arteries are mainly due to myocardial hypertrophy, whereas in the larger ones they are caused by the increased pressure transferred from the aorta. The degree of structural changes in the larger coronary arteries is greater than in the small arteries. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 332–336, March, 1995     

Respiratory and circulatory disorders in experimental poisoning with an organophosphorus pesticide

Acute poisoning with Anthio is associated with a gradual drop of blood pressure in the greater circulation and the development of intensive metabolic acidosis, despite normoxia still observed in the arterial blood and a somewhat increased oxygen capacity of the blood, this indicating mitochondrial injury and disordered tissue respiration. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 470–475, May, 1994 Presented by I.P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of the organophosphorus pesticide anthio on the blood supply to the brain

Experiments with cats using ultrasound shown that exposure to the organophosphorus compound Anthio leads to a reduction of vascular resistance of the carotid and internal maxillary arteries. The bloodflow in these arteries does not decrease for a long time. The share of bloodflow in the internal maxillary artery is increased vis-a-vis the total flow in the carotid artery. A reduction of the blood supply to the brain is observed only by the end of the experiment witb a blood pressure of 40 to 50 mm Hg. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 270–275, March, 1995 Presented by N. A. Agadzhanyan, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Protective effect of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in cats with hemorrhagic shock

Experiments on cats indicated that the use of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in hemorrhagic shock may reduce the intensity of free-radical processes in the liver, stabilize the phospholipid bilayer of plasma membranes in hepatocytes, decrease the severity of pathomorphological changes in the target organs, and raise systemic arterial pressure with its stabilization at a subnormal level. The use of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in cats with hemorrhagic shock resulted in a considerable prolongation of their survival. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 480–484, May, 1995     

Respiratory and circulatory effects of inhalation exposure to air mixtures with low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide-containing natural gas

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 7, pp. 35–38, July, 1993     

Individual resistance of the organism and nerve cell to hypoxia

The correlation between the pattern of a neuron's reaction to acute hypoxia and individual resistance to oxygen deficit is studied on ratsin vivo as well as on surviving slices of their cerebellumin vitro. According to the survival time in a pressure chamber simulating an altitude of 11 km all the rats were divided into groups of high resistance, medium resistance, and low resistance to hypoxia. Survival time was 4.2 times longer in the high resistance group than in the low resistance group. In the cerebellar slices of high resistance animals 61.5% high-resistance neurons and 38.5% low-resistance neurons were recorded. On the other hand, in the high resistance animals the percentage of high-resistance neurons and low-resistance neurons was 31.2 and 68.8, respectively. The period of hypoxia development was 4.32 times longer in the high-resistance neurons as compared to low-resistance neurons. It is speculated that individual differences in the resistance to O₂ deficit are of a hereditary nature and manifest themselves not only on the level of the whole organism, but also in the individual nerve cell. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 454–457, November, 1994     

Effect of nimodipine on the circulation in the midbrain and carotid arteries of rats

It is found that nimodipine induces biphasic changes in the circulation in the midbrain artery: an initial slight and transient reduction gives way to a considerable and long-term increase of the circulation. Nimodipine also boosts the circulation in the common and internal carotid arteries, which coincides in time with, but is shorter than, the first phase of changes in the hemodynamics in the midbrain artery. The findings are not consistent with the common view on the selectivity of the cerebrovascular effect of nimodipine. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 10, pp. 410–413, October, 1994 Presented by M. D. Mashkovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Reactivity of capillaries and pyramidal neurons in rat cortex under conditions of acutely reduced circulation

A study of capillaries and pyramidal neurons of the cortex in white rats subjected to ligation of the common carotid artery reveals that acute reduction of the circulation is characterized by a decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase and Na, K-ATPase as well as a reduced number of capillaries marked with these enzymes, and a lower activity of butyrylcholine esterase. A decreased activity of cytochrome oxidase in neurons suggests the existence of intracellular compensatory-adaptive mechanisms. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 558–560, May, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Morphometric analysis of the pulmonary vessels in premature neonates

In premature neonates with the respiratory distress syndrome the vessels of the pulmonary arterial system show stereotypical changes: dystonia with the predominance of vasoconstriction, a thickened muscular layer, and a narrowed lumen. A morphometric index is proposed: the coefficient of nonuniformity of the medial thickness of the vascular wall, which reflects a structural reorganization of the pulmonary vessels in different pathological processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 311–314, September, 1994 Presented by Yu. I. Borodin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of various oxygen concentrations on the ATP content in isolated hepatocytes of rats adapted and nonadapted to hypoxia

It is shown that isolated hepatocytes are capable of perceiving slight changes in the envioronmental oxygen concentration. A complicated phase dependence exists between adenosine triphosphate and partial oxygen pressure, which differs in cells from animals with high and low resistance to hypoxia, the former showing a more stable and resistant energy-synthesizing function than the latter. After long-term adaptation to periodic hypoxia, the resistance of the energy-synthesizing function rises in hepatocytes from high-resistant animals, and falls in low-resistant animals suggesting a fundamentally different organization of the emergency compensatory mechanisms of the energy-synthesizing function in hepatocytes of animals of these two types. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 576–581, December, 1994     

Effect of cytochrome C and its derivatives on the circulation and oxidative metabolism of the ischemized brain

The effects of animal and biotechnological cytochrome C and its hemtetradecapeptide in a heme-isomolar dose on the cerebral bloodflow, oxygen and glucose consumption, and pH of the ischemized brain were studied in cat experiments. Cytochrome of both types and hemtetradecapeptide increased the consumption of oxygen and glucose by ischemized brain tissue and somewhat reduced the development of acidosis. The shifts of oxidative metabolism parameters of the ischemized brain correlated with inhibition of the development of postischemic hypoperfusion of the brain. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 640–642, December, 1995 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Impact of twelve-day combined exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and physical exercise on structural and metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle in rats

This study, in which rats were exposed on 12 successive days to hypoxia in combination with exercise on a treadmill, showed that a reduction in partial oxygen pressure leads to a decrease in the magnitude of the structural component of vascular resistance rather than to improvement in the system of oxygen utilization, and that such combined exposure may cause alterations in protein synthesis and result in early stimulation of capillary growth in muscles, as well as elicit differential changes of enzyme activity in different types of muscle fibers. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 602–605, June, 1995 Presented by A. I. Grigor'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

How the ability of bacteria to inactivate natural antiinfectious resistance factors affects their resistance to the bactericidal action of the blood (Serum)

A relationship is found between the resistance ofEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, andStaphylococcus epidermidis to human serum and whole blood and their ability to inactivate the factors of natural antiinfectious resistance (lysozyme, complement, immunoglobulins, and a bactericidal fraction of leukocytic interferon). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 174–176, February, 1996     

Effect of melipramine on the development of experimental depressive syndrome induced by systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)

The effects of chronic administration of melipramine on the development of behavioral signs of depression in rats are studied using the model of a depressive syndrome induced by systemic administration of MPTP. Preadministration of melipramine prevents such MPTP-induced behavioral signs of depression in rats as decreased motor activity, reduced total daily liquid intake, reduced preference of sucrose solution over water, and increased depression index. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Giologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o . 8, pp. 160–163, August, 1995     

Disorders in the structural and metabolic organization of liver acini in systemic endotoxemia

Injection ofEscherichia coli lipopolysaccharide to dogs caused pronounced structural and metabolic changes of liver acini, characterized by the development of compensatory reactions to the endotoxin followed by their failure. In addition to hypoxia, depressed activity of hepatocyte dehydrogenases and diaphorases with impairment of the intraacinar gradient of their activity, leading to the development of hepatocellular insufficiency, appears to underlie the involvement of the liver in systemic endotoxemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 643–646, December, 1995 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences