胰岛素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Bcl-2表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨胰岛素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Bcl-2表达及细胞凋亡的影响.方法 将动物随机分为假手术组、缺血组及干预组,参照Zea Longa线栓法建立大鼠左侧大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)再灌注模型,干预组大鼠在脑缺血即刻给予胰岛素及葡萄糖腹腔注射,分别在左侧MCAO2h再灌注不同时间点断头取脑,脑皮质神经元Bcl-2的表达通过免疫组化法来测定,并采用TUNEL法原住标记DNA片段,检测TUNEL阳性细胞的变化.结果 缺血组大鼠脑皮质Bcl-2的表达较假手术组显著增强(P＜0.01),TUNEL阳性细胞数较假手术组显著增多(P＜0.01);给予胰岛素处理后,Bcl-2的表达较缺血组显著增强(P＜0.01),TUNEL阳性细胞数较缺血组明显减少(P＜0.01),但两者均显著高于假手术组(P＜0.01).结论 短暂的脑缺血再灌注可导致脑皮质神经元中Bcl-2的表达增加,抗细胞凋亡;胰岛素可上调脑皮质神经元中Bcl-2的表达,发挥神经保护作用.     

延迟注射Z-VAD对大鼠局灶性脑缺血神经细胞凋亡及炎症的影响

目的:探讨延迟注射Caspase抑制剂Z-VAD-fmk对大鼠局灶性脑缺血神经细胞凋亡和炎症的影响。方法:采用大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性脑梗死动物模型(MCAo),60只健康Wistar大鼠分为Z-VAD-fmk治疗组和生理盐水对照组。脑血流再通30min后侧脑室注射Z-VAD-fmk(70μg/kg),对照组注射同体积的生理盐水,分别在MCAo术后第1天、第4天、第7天处死各组动物,采用TUNEL染色检测凋亡细胞,ED-1染色检测巨噬细胞和活化的小胶质细胞。结果:TUNEL染色阳性细胞在术后第1天开始Z-VAD-fmk治疗组比对照组明显减少(P＜0.05),ED-1染色阳性细胞从第4天开始有明显下降(P＜0.05)。结论:延迟注射Z-VAD-fmk可以减少细胞凋亡,同时也减少炎症的发生。     

CpG-ODN对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨CpG-ODN对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法 将54只大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑I/R模型组、CpG-ODN组,每组18只。采用大脑中动脉线栓法构建大鼠脑I/R模型。CpG-ODN组造模前1 h腹腔注射CpG-ODN（10 μg/25 g）,脑I/R模型组注射等量生理盐水。再灌注12 h采用Longa 5分评分法评估神经功能。再灌注24 h采用TTC染色测定脑梗死体积,HE染色观察组织结构,TUNEL染色分析细胞凋亡,PCR检测酪氨酸激酶（JAK）、信号转导和转录激活因子（STAT）mRNA表达水平,免疫印迹法分析Caspase3、Caspase7、JAK、p-JAK、STAT和p-STAT蛋白水平。结果 与假手术组比较,脑I/R模型组神经功能障碍严重,脑梗死体积显著增大,脑组织发生水肿、坏死等病变;与脑I/R模型组比较,CpG-ODN组明显改善。与假手术组比较,脑I/R模型组脑组织细胞凋亡率和Caspase3、Caspase7蛋白水平明显升高（P<0.05）,脑I/R模型组JAK、STAT mRNA水平和蛋白磷酸化程度显著上调（P<0.05）;与脑I/R模型组比较,CpG-ODN组细胞凋亡率和Caspase3、Caspase7蛋白水平明显降低（P<0.05）,JAK、STAT mRNA和蛋白磷酸化程度均明显下降（P<0.05）。结论 CpG-ODN能有效保护大鼠脑I/R损伤,其机制可能与影响JAK、STAT蛋白磷酸化抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

雌激素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织NF-KB表达和细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究雌激素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后NF-KB蛋白和细胞凋亡变化的影响.方法 采用大脑中动脉线栓法复制局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.应用免疫组化检测NF-KB蛋白表达,利用原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL )研究凋亡细胞的变化.结果 与对照组大鼠相比,雌激素组脑缺血再灌注后NF-KB表达明显减弱(P＜0.01);凋亡细胞显著减少(P＜0.01).结论 雌激素能抑制脑缺血后NF-KB表达,减少细胞凋亡.可能是其脑保护作用的机制之一.     

亚硒酸钠对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠HIF-1α表达的影响

目的 研究亚硒酸钠对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马神经细胞凋亡的保护作用及其对低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达的影响.方法 48只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组(模型组)及亚硒酸钠治疗组,每组16只,采用线栓法建立脑缺血再灌注模型,治疗组于再灌注后给予亚硒酸钠0.625 mg/(kg·d)腹腔注射7 d.各组大鼠经组织处理后用亚甲兰尼氏体染色及TUNEL染色,分别观察大鼠海马CA1区神经元存活和凋亡情况,Western Blot实验测定缺血组织HIF-1α水平的表达.结果 脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马神经元数目明显减少,凋亡细胞明显增加(P<0.001),亚硒酸钠治疗后海马神经细胞存活数目明显增多,凋亡细胞明显减少(P<0.01);与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠海马HIF-1α水平表达明显增加(P<0.01),而经亚硒酸钠治疗后大鼠海马HIF-1α水平表达较模型组明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 亚硒酸钠可减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠神经元凋亡,同时能抑制组织HIF-1α的过度表达.     

5000/重组质粒pCDNA3.1/Ngb对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑保护作用的研究

目的 研究重组神经球蛋白表达质粒pCDNA3.1(+)/Ngb对缺血中的脑保护作用。方法 54只雄性大鼠随机分为生理盐水组、空质粒组和重组神经球蛋白组，每组18只分别于皮质区两部位注射生理盐水、质粒pCDNA3.1(+)和重组质粒pCDNA3.1(+)/Ngb,并于注射后24h采用改良线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血24h模型。采用TTC染色、原位细胞凋亡检测、间接免疫荧光法和Western blot检测各组大鼠脑梗死面积，神经细胞凋亡状况和bcl-2蛋白表达变化。结果 经重组质粒pCDNA3.1（+）/Ngb处理的大鼠，其脑梗死面积和注射处缺血半暗带凋亡细胞数较其他两组显著减少(P<0.01)，注射处缺血半暗带bcl-2阳性细胞面积百分比显著增高(P<0.01)，bcl-2蛋白的表达上升约40～50％。结论 质粒pCDNA3.1(+)介导大鼠神经球蛋白基因转入脑内可通过上调bcl-2基因表达抑制局灶性脑缺血神经细胞凋亡，起到局灶性脑缺血脑保护作用。     

人脂肪组织来源的神经干细胞移植对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨人脂肪组织来源的神经干细胞移植对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响.方法 线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血2 h再灌注模型.60只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(6只),假手术组(6只),缺血对照组(24只)和移植治疗组(24只);后2组又分为再灌注7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d组(各6只).体外培养脂肪基质细胞,诱导分化为神经干细胞.造模成功后24h,移植治疗组经尾静脉移植人脂肪组织来源的神经干细胞悬液(细胞浓度为2×106/ml),缺血对照组经尾静脉注射生理盐水,假手术组不做任何处理.TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,免疫组化SABC法检测Bcl-2、Bax表达.结果 与缺血对照组比较,移植治疗组各时间点的细胞凋亡数均明显减少(均P＜0.01),Bcl-2阳性细胞数明显增高(均P＜0.01),Bax阳性细胞数明显减少(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 人脂肪组织来源的神经干细胞可能通过上调Bcl-2蛋白表达、下调Bax蛋白表达,减少局灶性脑缺血细胞凋亡;对脑缺血再灌注损伤后的神经细胞起保护作用.     

吸氧预处理对大鼠局灶脑缺血神经细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax的影响

目的 观察吸氧预处理对大鼠局灶脑缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因Bax、Bcl-2的关系,探讨吸氧预处理的脑保护作用.方法 采用线栓法阻塞大鼠大脑中动脉造成局灶脑缺血再灌注模型,用TUNEL染色标记神经细胞凋亡,免疫组化染色观察Bax,Bcl-2蛋白含量.结果 与模型组相比,吸氧预处理组半暗区的TUNEL阳性细胞数和Bax蛋白表达阳性细胞数明显下降,(P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达细胞数明显上升(P<0.05).结论 吸氧预处理可通过抑制缺血再灌注后神经细胞凋亡和减少Bax的表达,增加Bcl-2蛋白的表达发挥脑保护作用.     

红景天苷对脑缺血再灌注大鼠的作用及机制

目的 研究红景天苷对脑缺血再灌注大鼠的作用及机制.方法 SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑缺血组、红景天苷组(50 mg·kg-1)与红景天苷+PD98059组(50 mg·kg-1+1 mg·kg-1),每组15只.采用中动脉栓塞法造模,利用TTC染色检测大鼠脑梗死区域,TUNEL染色检测大鼠脑中神经元凋亡,Western...     

脑源性神经营养因子对脑梗死大鼠神经细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨侧脑室内立体定向注射脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)对脑梗死大鼠神经细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响.方法 32只SD大鼠成功制作大脑中动脉闭塞模型,随机分为BDNF组(n=16)和对照组(n=16),在两组大鼠侧脑室内分别注射10μ1 BDNF溶液(0.5 μmol)和10μl磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS液).注射2周后,2组大鼠分别行神经功能严重性评分(mNSS)及梗死面积测定,应用免疫组化染色、Western blot分析脑组织Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达,Tunel检测细胞凋亡.结果 与对照组比较,BDNF组脑梗死面积缩小,神经细胞凋亡数少,Bax蛋白表达低,Bcl-2蛋白表达高,短期内神经功能恢复好,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 BDNF可能通过调节Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达,减少神经细胞凋亡,改善脑缺血大鼠的功能.     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

神经介入：回眸2022

<正>2022年,国际上公布了多项大型神经介入领域的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）结果,在血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,EVT）急性大血管闭塞（large vessel occlusion,LVO）适应证的扩展、药物治疗、管理,症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,sICAS）治疗,无症状性颈动脉狭窄治疗,     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.