吸入性损伤后预防性气管切开与紧急气管切开的临床研究

目的　探讨预防性气管切开的临床可行性。　方法　对 93例中度或重度吸入性损伤患者均行气管切开。气管切开前出现明显呼吸困难、血氧分压下降、血氧饱和度下降者为紧急气管切开组 (2 1例 ) ;气管切开前未出现明显通气、换气障碍者为预防性气管切开组 (72例 )。预防性气管切开组实施手术时间为伤后 (4 .31± 3.0 4 )h ,紧急气管切开组为伤后 (34.4 7± 2 .79)h。比较两组患者相关生命体征、血氧分压、氧饱和度、呼吸频率及呼吸机使用情况。　结果　紧急气管切开组血氧分压、血氧饱和度、呼吸频率、心率等术前均有明显的异常 ,术后得到显著改善 ,而预防性气管切开组相关生命体征较平稳。紧急气管切开组术后 2d内 2 0例使用呼吸机辅助呼吸 (95 .2 4 % )。预防性气管切开组术后 2d内 6 5例使用呼吸机辅助呼吸 (90 .2 8% )。　结论　对疑有中度以上吸入性损伤的患者应及早行预防性气管切开 ,尽量避免紧急气管切开。气管切开后建议早期使用呼吸机辅助呼吸。     

特重度烧伤气管切开术后并发致死性出血三例体会

气管切开术往往是特重度烧伤患者救治过程中的重要治疗手段之一。但气管切开后引起严重出血并发症者已有报道[1,2 ] ,应引起临床高度重视。 1993年 1997年 ,本科先后遇到 3例特重度烧伤患者气管切开术后并发大出血 ,造成死亡 ,现将教训和体会总结如下 :一、临床资料病例 1,男 ,48岁 ,液化气烧伤 ,10 0 %ＴＢＳＡ(Ⅲ度 94% )合并重度吸入性损伤。伤后 2ｈ行气管切开置金属套管 ,无气囊。伤后 3ｄ患者出现成人呼吸窘迫综合征 (ＡＲＤＳ) ,因接呼吸机需要 ,在更换带气囊气管套管时 ,气管切开处突然有大量鲜血涌出 ,导致窒息 ,呼吸、循环骤停。…     

不同通气方式对重度蒸汽吸入伤犬呼吸力学及气体交换的影响

目的　研究常规机械通气 (CMV)、高频喷射通气 (HFJV)和高频双向喷射通气 (HFTJV)对重度蒸汽吸入伤犬呼吸力学和气体交换的影响。　方法　 9只犬 ,重度蒸汽吸入性损伤 ,分别在上述三种条件下检测呼吸力学、循环和血气等各种参数。　结果　 ( 1)三种通气方式下呼吸系统总阻力 (Rrs)、肺阻力 (RL)均显著高于对照值 (P <0 .0 1) ,呼吸总顺应性 (Crs)、肺顺应性 (CL)均显著低于对照值 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ,但三者之间比较 ,Rrs、RL、Crs、CL 的变化差异均无显著性意义。 ( 2 )CMV和HFJV均引起CO2 潴留 ,HFTJV比HFJV显著增加CO2 排出 (VCO2 ,P <0 .0 1)。 ( 3)三种通气方式的功能残气量(FRC)和PaO2 均无明显变化。　结论　三种通气方式均能克服气道阻力辅助呼吸 ,但不能使伤后高气道阻力和低肺顺应性恢复正常。CMV的通气效率类似于HFJV ,而HFTJV的通气效率则优于HFJV。     

443例吸入性损伤患者的临床特点分析

目的 探讨吸入性损伤流行病学特点,总结喉烧伤诊断标准的临床应用经验. 方法 收集笔者单位1999年1月-2013年6月收治的443例吸入性损伤患者病历资料.统计患者性别、年龄、吸入性损伤严重程度、合并症及伤前疾病,不同程度吸入性损伤患者的烧伤总面积、Ⅲ度烧伤面积、伤后入院时间及喉烧伤情况,患者治疗及预后情况包括气管切开率、切开时间及并发症、病死率及死亡原因等.对数据行非参数Kruskal-Wallis检验、x2检验,对吸入性损伤严重程度与烧伤总面积、喉烧伤严重程度、气管切开率、病死率的相关性行Spearman相关分析. 结果 (1)本组患者中男353例占79.7％,女90例占20.3％,男女比例约4∶1.小于或等于20岁者64例占 14.4％,大于20岁且小于或等于40岁者203例占45.8％,大于40岁且小于或等于60岁者144例占 32.5％,大于60岁者32例占7.2％.本组患者中轻、中、重度吸入性损伤患者分别为297、108、38例.7例有合并症,21例有伤前疾病.不同程度吸入性损伤患者的烧伤总面积和Ⅲ度烧伤面积均差异明显(H值分别为73.752、142.830,P值均小于0.01),伤后入院时间差异无统计学意义(H=1.528,P＞0.05).相关分析显示吸入性损伤严重程度与烧伤总面积呈明显正相关(r=0.399,P＜0.001).轻度吸入性损伤患者中,轻度喉烧伤占68.0％(202/297),中度喉烧伤占32.0％(95/297),重度喉烧伤0例;中度吸入性损伤患者中,轻度喉烧伤0例,中度喉烧伤占53.7％ (58/108),重度喉烧伤占46.3％ (50/108)喉烧伤情况总体比较差异有统计学意义(x2=336.703,P＜0.001).相关分析显示喉烧伤严重程度与吸入性损伤严重程度呈明显正相关(r =0.700,P＜0.001).(2)本组患者总体气管切开率为37.02％(164/443).轻、中、重度吸入性损伤患者的气管切开率分别为10.44％ (31/297) 、87.96％(95/108)、100.00％ (38/38),差异明显(x2=271.654,P＜0.001).相关分析显示气管切开率与吸入性损伤严重程度呈明显正相关(r=0.784,P＜0.001).本组患者气管切开时间以伤后6 h以内为主占63.4％ (104/164).气管切开并发症发生率为5.5％(9/164).(3)本组患者中共31例死亡,病死率为7.00％.轻度吸入性损伤患者病死率为1.01％ (3/297),中度吸入性损伤患者病死率为12.96％(14/108),重度吸入性损伤患者病死率为36.84％(14/38),差异明显(H=74.273,P＜0.001).相关分析显示病死率与吸入性损伤严重程度呈明显正相关(r=0.371,P＜0.001).死亡患者的死亡原因中,脓毒症14例占45.2％,呼吸功能衰竭7例占22.6％,呼吸道梗阻2例占6.5％,呼吸道出血2例占6.5％,脑出血2例占6.5％,心脏意外2例占6.5％,中枢性尿崩1例占3.2％,另有1例占3.2％因经济原因放弃治疗自动出院. 结论 吸入性损伤患者中,男性占绝大多数,青中年构成比最高.吸入性损伤严重程度与烧伤总面积、喉烧伤严重程度、气管切开率、病死率相关.利用喉烧伤诊断标准和气管切开指征,可有效避免喉梗阻风险;早期行预防性气管切开手术,有利于降低手术难度和风险.     

治愈烧伤患者术后皮下组织霉菌感染一例

患者男,32岁。因锅炉管道爆炸致全身多处烫伤,伤后30min入院。查体:患者烦躁,呼吸费力,口渴,四肢湿冷。体温36 .2℃,血压12 0 /82mmHg(1mmHg =0.133kPa),脉搏130次/min,呼吸2 4次/min。创面严重污染,腐皮脱落,基底苍白或红白相间。诊断:(1)特重度烧伤,总面积90 % ,其中Ⅲ度32 % ,深Ⅱ度5 8%TBSA。(2 )冲击伤。(3)中度吸入性损伤。(4 )低血容量休克。入院后给予补液、吸氧、抗感染及创面涂磺胺嘧啶银等治疗。入院后2 7h,患者因呼吸困难行气管切开。分别于伤后5、7d行双下肢削痂、异体皮移植自体皮嵌入术。术后予舒巴坦/头孢哌酮钠抗感染。…     

气管切开术的时机对颈髓损伤患者治疗的影响

[目的]评价需机械通气的颈髓损伤患者,早期及晚期气管切开的时机对其治疗的临床效果及安全性。[方法]回顾性分析本院2008年10月~2014年10月收治的颈髓损伤并行气管切开患者共36例。按气管切开的时机分为早期组及晚期组。观察患者机械通气时间(总时间及气管切开术后的时间),ICU住院时间(总时间及气管切开术后的时间),院内获得性肺炎的发病率,同时评估两组气管切开的并发症。[结果]早期组有明显较短的机械通气时间,包括总机械通气时间[(23.46±2.23)d VS(34.55±4.53)d]和气切后机械通气时间[(15.24±4.74)d VS(25.41±9.74)d],及较短的ICU住院时间[(21.92±5.94)d VS(39.04±15.95)d],两组患者在气管切开后肺炎的发生率无差别(60%VS 80.95%);两组总体并发症的例数,早期组要低于晚期组(1例VS 5例)。[结论]需机械通气的颈髓损伤患者,早期行气管切开术,可减少机械通气时间,减少ICU住院时间及长时间插管的并发症,且并未增加颈椎手术切口感染。但并不能减少与机械通气相关的肺部感染。     

救治大面积热水泥烧伤合并吸入性损伤42例

临床资料:笔者单位1986年3月～2 0 0 2年3月收治热水泥烧伤合并吸入性损伤患者4 2例,其中男4 0例、女2例;年龄17～4 8岁[(2 4 .6±6 .8)岁]。烧伤面积5 0 %～10 0 %[(75 .2±10 .3) % ],Ⅲ度2 0 %～90 % [(43.5±12 .7) % ]TB SA,其中5 0 %～80 %TBSA 2 9例、80 %～10 0 %TBSA 13例。吸入性损伤患者轻度14例、中度12例、重度16例;伤后16h内气管切开2 9例,16h后气管切开3例。治疗:入院后迅速清理患者鼻、口腔中积存的水泥热料,快速高流量吸氧,气管切开后改为持续低流量吸氧。吸痰、气道湿化,雾化吸入1次/ 4h,每次15min,雾化液配制:等渗…     

高频部分液体通气对吸入伤犬呼吸循环功能的影响

目的　观察高频部分液体通气 (highfrequencypartialliquidventilation ,HFPLV)对吸入性损伤犬肺力学、氧合和血流动力学参数的影响。　方法　 16条犬经吸入蒸气 ,造成重度吸入性损伤模型 ,并随机分为对照组和治疗组。两组动物致伤后均行高频喷射通气 (highfrequencyjetventila tiot,HFJV) ,治疗组同时经气管导管缓慢注入氟碳液体 (3ml/kg体重 ) ,行HFPLV治疗 ,于通气后3 0、60和 90min时测定两组动物血气、肺顺应性、气道阻力及血流动力学参数。　结果　治疗组PaO2 呈进行性上升 ,在各时相点与致伤后比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而对照组各时相点与致伤后比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;治疗组PaCO2 也逐渐增高 ,于 60、90min显著高于致伤后水平 (P <0 .0 5 )。与对照组比较 ,治疗组各时相点的PaO2 稍有升高 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,PaCO2 于 90min显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而两组动 /静态气道阻力、肺顺应性和血流动力学参数比较 ,差异均无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　HFPLV与单纯HFJV相比 ,更有利于吸入性损伤的动脉氧合 ,对血流动力学参数无明显不利影响     

烧伤合并吸入性损伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征八例

1 临床资料 2004年10月-2007年5月,笔者单位收治特重度烧伤合并中重度吸入性损伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者8例,均为男性,年龄22～60岁.火焰烧伤3例、蒸气烫伤2例、热液烫伤2例(其中1例为癫痫发作后跌入热水池中烫伤)、瓦斯爆炸伤1例.烧伤总面积45%～100%,其中Ⅲ度25%～70%TBSA.8例患者伤后4～12 d并发ARDS.     

支撑喉镜下CO_2激光治疗声门下息肉的麻醉管理

目的 探讨非气管插管高频喷射通气(High-Frequency Jet Ventilation,HFJV)全凭静脉麻醉方法应用于声门下息肉激光切除的可行性.方法 42例ASAⅠ级～Ⅱ级声门下息肉手术患者,采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉.在置人支撑喉镜前气管插管,机械控制通气,置入支撑喉镜即刻拔除气管插管,应用内径2.5 mm,外径3.0 mm 的金属导管于声门下5 cm处HFJV.术中持续监测并记录诱导前、气管插管机械控制通气后5 min、置入支撑喉镜即刻、HFJV后1 min、HFJV后5 rain、HFJV后10 min、HFJV后15min的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心电图(ECG)和脉搏氧饱和度(SpO_2);在置入支撑喉镜拔除气管插管即刻和HFJV后15 min采集足背动脉血进行血气分析.记录术毕患者苏醒情况、麻醉时间和手术时间.结果 麻醉时间(30.1±3.8)min,手术时间(7.9±2.6)min,术中各时间点HR、MAP与支撑喉镜置入即刻相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但与诱导前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术中所有患者保持SpO_2≥99%;HFJV后15 minPaCO_2较拔除气管插管即刻升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但均低于70 mm Hg.结论 非气管插管HFJV全凭静脉麻醉可安全用于声门下息肉激光切除.     

应用肺保护性通气策略治疗呼吸功能不全的疗效分析

目的　观察肺保护性通气策略治疗严重烧伤后呼吸功能不全的疗效。　方法　 11例严重烧伤患者采用机械通气 ,潮气量 6～ 8ml/kg、吸气平台压≤ 30cmH2 O、PEEP 8～ 10cmH2 O、FiO24 0 %～ 5 0 % ,动态监测血气分析各指标的变化及临床转归。　结果　应用间歇指令通气加压力支持法 ,平均治疗时间 (12 .77± 8.0 6 )d ,PaO2 /FiO2 比值明显改善 ,从 193.5 4± 5 3.30到 32 7.14± 10 6 .5 3(P<0 0 1) ,PaCO2 和pH值仍在正常值范围。 11例患者中因肾功能衰竭死亡 3例 ,多器官功能不全死亡2例。　结论　对严重烧伤患者采用肺保护性通气能达到呼吸支持目的 ,未见高碳酸血症发生     

Hemodynamic effects of high-frequency jet ventilation in patients with and without circulatory shock

Nineteen critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure were studied to compare the hemodynamic effects of continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV) and high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) at comparable levels of alveolar ventilation. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 included seven patients without circulatory shock in whom mean airway pressure (Paw) was slightly higher during CPPV than during HFJV (17.3 +/- 3.0 vs. 13.0 +/- 2.9 mmHg); Group 2 included six patients without circulatory shock in whom HFJV and CPPV were compared at the same level of Paw (19.2 +/- 5.0 mmHg); Group 3 included seven patients with circulatory shock in whom HFJV and CPPV were compared at the same level of Paw (16.0 +/- 3.9 mmHg). The following respiratory frequencies were used in HFJV: Group 1, 200 +/- 76 beats/min; Group 2, 238 +/- 103 beats/min; Group 3, 286 +/- 149 beats/min. In all patients comparable levels of PaCO2 were obtained with CPPV and HFJV. In Group 1 patients, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and stroke index were significantly higher during HFJV. In Group 2 patients, no significant difference was found between HFJV and CPPV. In Group 3 patients, the following hemodynamic variables were significantly higher during HFJV: mean arterial pressure (71 +/- 24 vs. 84 +/- 23 mmHg), cardiac index (3.6 +/- 1 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.41 X min-1 X m-2), and oxygen delivery (403 +/- 93 vs. 471 +/- 124 ml X min-1 X m-2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

严重烧伤患者应用重组人生长激素对糖和蛋白质代谢的影响

目的 分析重组人生长激素（rhGH)对严重烧伤患血糖及蛋白质代谢的影响。方法 对24例应用rhGH治疗的严重烧伤患的血清总蛋白、白蛋白及血糖升高发生率进行比较分析。并对同期未用rhGH患血糖及蛋白质的变化进行对比分析。结果 严重烧伤患应用rhGH后血清总蛋白、白蛋白较用药前明显升高,并高于同期对照组。伤后2周内血糖升高,特别是伤后1周内明显升高,伤后0－3d、4－8d、8－14d的血糖升高发生率分别为52．38％、50．24％、20．00％。伤后1周内、2周内及2周后开始应用rhGH其血糖升高发生率分别为100％、50％、0。结论 严重烧伤患应用rhGH能促进机体蛋白质合成,但伤后早期应用rhGH对血糖影响较大,伤后2周应用rhGH是较适合的时机。     

联合应用谷氨酰胺和重组人生长激素对严重烧伤患者蛋白代谢的影响

目的　探讨联合应用谷氨酰胺 (Gln)和重组人生长激素 (rhGH)对严重烧伤患者蛋白代谢的影响。　方法　将 6 0例严重烧伤患者随机分为对照组、Gln组及Gln rhGH组 ,每组 2 0例。对照组患者于伤后 1～ 14d口服甘氨酸作为安慰剂 ,并行常规治疗 ;Gln组于伤后 1～ 14d口服Gln 0 5g·kg-1·d-1;Gln rhGH组患者口服Gln(剂量、时间同Gln组 ) ,且伤后 7～ 14d皮下注射rhGH 0.2U·kg-1·d-1。3组患者于伤后 1、7、14d检测其血浆Gln浓度 ,伤后 14、2 1d检测血浆白蛋白水平 ,记录伤后 30d创面愈合率和总住院日。　结果　Gln rhGH组伤后 7d血浆Gln浓度为 ( 4 5 2 .2 8± 2 1.72 )μmol/L,高于对照组 ( 32 5 .12± 2 5 .34) μmol/L(P <0.0 5)。伤后 2 1dGln rhGH组血浆白蛋白水平为( 31.37± 4 .31) g/L,高于对照组 ( 2 6 .16± 3.12 ) g/L及Gln组 ( 2 8.2 6± 3.2 9)g/L( P <0 0 5 )。伤后 30dGln rhGH组创面愈合率高于对照组及Gln组 ,而总住院日少于对照组及Gln组 (P <0.0 5或 0 .0 1)。　结论　联合应用Gln和rhGH能显著提高严重烧伤患者血浆Gln水平 ,促进机体蛋白的合成 ,提高创面愈合率。     

Reduction of resuscitation fluid volumes in severely burned patients using ascorbic acid administration: a randomized, prospective study

HYPOTHESIS: High-dose ascorbic acid (vitamin C) therapy (66 mg/kg per hour) attenuates postburn lipid peroxidation, resuscitation fluid volume requirements, and edema generation in severely burned patients. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective, randomized study at a university trauma and critical care center in Japan. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with burns over more than 30% of their total body surface area (TBSA) hospitalized within 2 hours after injury were randomly divided into ascorbic acid and control groups. Fluid resuscitation was performed using Ringer lactate solution to maintain stable hemodynamic measurements and adequate urine output (0.5-1.0 ml/kg per hour). In the ascorbic acid group (n = 19; mean burn size, 63% +/- 26% TBSA; mean burn index, 57 +/- 26; inhalation injury, 15/ 19), ascorbic acid was infused during the initial 24-hour study period. In the control group (n = 18; mean burn size, 53% +/- 17% TBSA; mean burn index, 47 +/- 13; inhalation injury, 12/18), no ascorbic acid was infused. We compared hemodynamic and respiratory measurements, lipid peroxidation, and fluid balance for 96 hours after injury. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, arterial pH, base deficit, and urine outputs were equivalent in both groups. The 24-hour total fluid infusion volumes in the control and ascorbic acid groups were 5.5 +/- 3.1 and 3.0 +/- 1.7 mL/kg per percentage of burn area, respectively (P<.01). In the first 24 hours, the ascorbic acid group gained 9.2% +/- 8.2% of pretreatment weight; controls, 17.8% +/- 6.9%. Burned tissue water content was 6.1 +/- 1.8 vs 2.6 +/- 1.7 mL/g of dry weight in the control and ascorbic acid groups, respectively (P<.01). Fluid retention in the second 24 hours was also significantly reduced in the ascorbic acid group. In the control group, the ratio of PaO2 to fraction of inspired oxygen at 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after injury was less than that of the ascorbic acid group (P<.01). The length of mechanical ventilation in the control and ascorbic acid groups was 21.3 +/- 15.6 and 12.1 +/- 8.8 days, respectively (P<.05). Serum malondialdehyde levels were lower in the ascorbic acid group at 18, 24, and 36 hours after injury (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant administration of high-dose ascorbic acid during the first 24 hours after thermal injury significantly reduces resuscitation fluid volume requirements, body weight gain, and wound edema. A reduction in the severity of respiratory dysfunction was also apparent in these patients.     

Comparison of high-frequency jet ventilation with conventional mechanical ventilation for bronchopleural fistula

In seven patients with acute respiratory failure and a bronchopleural fistula, the authors compared gas exchange and volume of gas lost via the chest tube during conventional mechanical ventilation (CV) and high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV). After the initial comparison, patients were randomized to HFJV or CV, unless one mode of ventilation was clearly superior based on preestablished criteria. In six of the seven patients, oxygenation deteriorated after the switch from CV to HFJV. The ratio of PaCO2 to FI02 declined from 227 +/- 167 to 133 +/- 100 (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.05), and the PaCO2 increased from 47 +/- 13 to 56 +/- 18 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). The mean chest tube leak did not change significantly. Randomization of the mode of ventilation was not performed in any patient because CV was superior by a priori criteria. We conclude that when acute respiratory failure is complicated by a bronchopleural fistula, HFJV with mean airway pressures comparable to those provided during conventional ventilation does not provide satisfactory gas exchange.     

谷氨酰胺双肽对严重烧伤患者内毒素血症的影响

目的　探讨谷氨酰胺双肽对烧伤患者血浆内毒素水平的影响。　方法　将 3 0例烧伤面积 3 0 %～ 70 % ,Ⅲ度面积 >2 0 %TBSA的患者随机分为对照组和研究组 ,研究组于伤后 1～ 12d口服谷氨酰胺双肽粉剂 0 .5 g·kg-1·d-1,对照组给予等量甘氨酸作安慰剂。检测两组伤后 1、12d血浆谷氨酰胺浓度及 1、3、6、12d血浆内毒素的浓度 ,记录 3 0d创面愈合率和总住院日。　结果　伤后第1天两组血浆谷氨酰胺浓度较正常值 (65 9.5± 3 5 .0 ) μmol/L明显下降 ,但两组间差异无显著性意义(P >0 .0 5 ) ,第 12天对照组谷氨酰胺仍处于低浓度 (4 0 1.67± 65 .42 ) μmol/L ,而研究组 (5 93 .47±68.5 1) μmol/L则接近正常 ,组间差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。血浆内毒素浓度伤后第 1天较正常值 (0 .0 3 3Eu/ml)均明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但两组间差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,第 3天研究组内毒素浓度为 (0 .0 47± 0 .0 17)Eu/ml低于对照组 (0 .10 7± 0 .0 3 8)Eu/ml(P <0 .0 5 )。 3 0d创面愈合率研究组 (91± 6) %明显高于对照组 (85± 8) % ;而研究组平均住院日 (5 2± 11)d明显低于对照组 (67± 2 1)d。　结论　口服谷氨酰胺双肽可以维持烧伤患者血浆谷氨酰胺浓度 ,降低血浆内毒素 ,促进创面愈合     

烟雾吸入伤大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡与增殖的变化

目的　观察大鼠烟雾吸入性损伤后肺组织细胞凋亡、细胞增殖的变化规律 ,探讨肺组织损伤修复过程中细胞凋亡的意义。　方法　制作大鼠烟雾吸入性损伤模型 ,随机分为正常对照组、烟雾致伤组 ,应用TUNEL技术及免疫组化技术 ,观察伤后各时相点肺组织细胞凋亡指数及增殖细胞核抗原指数的变化。　结果　 (1)烟雾吸入伤后细胞凋亡指数在伤后 2h增加并维持在高平台区。 (2 )增殖细胞核抗原指数在伤后 12h开始升高 ,3d时达到高峰 ,以后保持在较高水平。　结论　细胞凋亡不仅参与了烟雾吸入伤的早期肺损害 ,也参与了后期修复中增生组织的修饰改建     

Extracorporeal Life Support for Severely Burned Patients with Concurrent Inhalation Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Experience from a Military Medical Burn Center

BackgroundBoth inhalation injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are risk factors that predict mortality in severely burned patients. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is widely used to rescue these patients; however, its efficacy and safety in this critical population have not been well defined. We report our experience of using ECLS for the treatment of severely burned patients with concurrent inhalation injury and ARDS.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 14 patients collected from a single medical burn center from 2012 to 2019. All patients suffered from major burns with inhalation injury and ARDS, and were treated with ECLS.ResultsThe median total body surface area of deep dermal or full thickness burns was 94.5%, ranging 47.7-99.0 %. The median revised Baux score was 122.0, ranging 90.0-155.0. All patients developed ARDS with a median partial pressure of arterial oxygen to a fraction of inspired oxygen ratio of 61.5, ranging 49.0-99.0. Indications for ECLS included sustained hypoxemia and unstable hemodynamics. The median interval for initiating ECLS was 2.5 days, ranging 1.0-156.0 days. The median duration of ECLS was 2.9 days, ranging 0.3-16.7 days. The overall survival to discharge was 42.8%. Causes of death included sepsis and multiple organ failure. ECLS-related complications included cannulation bleeding, catheter-related infection, and hemolysis. The incidence of risk factors reported in literature were higher in non-survivors, including Baux>120, albumin < 3.0 g/dL, and lactate > 8 mmol/L.ConclusionsFor severely burned patients with concurrent inhalation injury and ARDS, ECLS could be a salvage treatment to improve sustained hypoxemia. However, the efficacy of hemodynamic support was limited. Identifying definite ECLS indications and rigorous patient selection would contribute to better clinical outcomes.