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AIM:To determine the prevalence and risk factors for eye diseases, blindness, and low vision in Tibet, and to assist the development of eye disease prevention and treatment schemes.METHODS:We carried out a survey of eye diseases among a population living at high altitude. A total of 1 115 Tibetan permanent residents aged 40 years or older from the towns and villages of Qushui County, Lhasa Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, participated in this study. All participants completed a detailed questionnaire, and underwent presenting and pinhole visual acuity tests, and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination.RESULTS:There were 187 blind eyes (8.43%), 231 eyes with low vision (10.41%). The leading cause of visual impairment was cataract of 55.0% (101/187) blindness and of 50.2% (116/231) low vision, followed by fundus lesions of 22.9% blindness and 23.8% low vision, while only a low prevalence of glaucoma of 9.6% blindness and 1.7% low vision was observed. The analysis of 2 219 eyes showed that the most common external eye disease was pterygium (27.2%) in Tibet.CONCLUSION:The high prevalence of blindness and low vision in the Tibetan population at high altitude is a serious public health issue. There is a need to establish and maintain an appropriate effective eye care program in Tibet. 相似文献
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光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)是利用光动力效应进行疾病诊断和治疗的一种新技术。其作用基础是光动力效应。这是一种有氧分子参与的伴随生物效应的光敏化动态反应过程。光动力疗法最初是作为肿瘤治疗的一项新技术出现的,但随着第二代光敏剂的发展,PDT已逐渐应用于眼科疾病的治疗,且疗效显著。我们就PDT在眼科疾病中的应用作一综述。 相似文献
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《Ophthalmic epidemiology》2013,20(1):52-60
ABSTRACTPurpose: Awareness of eye conditions aids health promotion activities and leads to better outcomes. We examined factors influencing the lack of awareness of common eye conditions in a population.Methods: The Singapore Malay Eye Study examined 3280 (78.7% response) Malays aged 40–80 years. We included 2112 (64.4%) participants with at least one of five eye conditions: 1504 (71.2%) with cataract, 1013 (47.8%) with myopia, 270 (12.8%) with diabetic retinopathy, 181 (8.6%) with age-related macular degeneration and 150 (7.1%) with glaucoma. Lack of awareness was defined in the questionnaire as not answering “yes” to previously being told by a doctor of having the eye condition.Results: Among 2112 participants, 83.2% were unaware of at least one of their eye conditions. After controlling for age, sex and socioeconomic factors, participants unaware of their eye condition were older (odds ratio, OR, 1.03, per 1 year, p?<?0.001), had better visual acuity (OR 1.32, p?=?0.04), lower education (OR 1.89, p?<?0.001), poorer literacy (OR 1.44, p?=?0.02), lower income (OR 1.73, p?=?0.009), higher blood glucose (OR 1.08, per 1?mmol/L, p?<?0.001), higher serum cholesterol (OR 1.20, per 1?mmol/L, p?=?0.003), lower annual eye examination attendance (OR 2.08, p?<?0.001) and were less likely to wear glasses (OR 2.90, p?<?0.001) than those who were aware of their condition.Conclusions: In this community-based population, 80% of those with common eye conditions were unaware of their condition. 相似文献
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《Ocular immunology and inflammation》2013,21(1-2):159-162
Fifty-nine patients were treated with cyclosporin A (CsA) eye drops for various diseases. Most patients with severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis responded well to the treatment. Treatment had little or no effect on anterior uveitis (acute and chronic) or on the fate of high-risk corneal grafts. The response of patients suffering from peripheral corneal melting, ocular pemphigoid or Stevens-Johnson syndrome was variable. Among these, some patients responded well to the treatment with CsA drops while others had no detectable clinical benefit. The large differences in the observed treatment responses may be interpreted to indicate that a different pathological mechanism may take place within a group of patients with similar diagnoses and clinical manifestations. 相似文献
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Purpose:
The data from surveys of vision loss and monitoring of services were used to assess changes in gender inequality in Oman.Study Design:
Retrospective review of data collection instruments.Materials and Method:
The data sets of 12 years between 1996 and 2007 were abstracted to assess the gender equality for vision loss, eye disease prevalence, and service use. They included two surveys (1996 and 2005), Health Information from eye units (1998 and 2007), and eye screening in schools.Results:
In 1996, the prevalence of bilateral blindness in ≥ 40 years of age was higher in females [Odd''s Ratio (OR) = 0.36 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.24 – 0.53)]. Gender differences in the prevalence of cataract [OR = 0.82 (95% CI 0.63 – 1.03)] were not significant while trachomatous trichaisis (TT) was less in males [OR = 0.33 (95% CI 0.22-0.48)]. In 2005, gender differences in the prevalence of bilateral blindness [OR = 0.97 (95% CI 0.71 – 1.34)] and TT [OR = 0.66 (95% CI 0.42- 1.04)] were not statistically significant. But males were associated with higher prevalence of cataract [OR = 1.26 (95% CI 1.00 – 1.59)]. Surgery rates for cataract, glaucoma and TT were not different by gender. More male compared to female patients with diabetic retinopathy were treated. Myopia was significantly higher in girls. Compliance of spectacle wear was higher in girls.Conclusions:
Gender inequality for eye care seems to have reduced in the last 10 years in Oman. However, apart from TT and glaucoma patients the difference in service utilization by gender was not statistically significant. 相似文献8.
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Mohita Sharma Neha Jain Vibha Singh Silkee Singla Insha Aftab 《Indian journal of ophthalmology》2022,70(7):2225
The prevalence of rare diseases has been estimated to be around 6%–8%, most of which are genetic in origin. Rare eye diseases constitute a critical public health concern. The major concerns for people suffering from these conditions are diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, limited resources, and health infrastructure. Also, as the number of people suffering from these disorders is less, it becomes difficult to study the epidemiological distribution and natural course of the disease. Thus, there is a need to establish registries for such rare disorders. This will help in creating a database of those suffering from rare eye diseases and will prove advantageous for both the patients and the researchers. For patients, it will be helpful as it will provide them will access to families suffering from similar problems, provide rehabilitation services, and provide access to clinical trials working on the development of new treatments for these rare disorders. From the researchers’ point of view, it will be beneficial for them as they will then have access to a pool of data that can be used as a starting point of research on these rare disorders. At present, very few registries exist around the world and none in India. A systematic review of registries for rare eye diseases on Google and PubMed was done for existing registries, their methodology, services provided, applications, and advantages. 相似文献
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基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)属于Zn2+和Ca2+依赖性内肽酶家族,是参与降解细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)的最重要的蛋白酶。因其参与了多种眼科疾病的病理过程,故对其活化与抑制,以及如何高表达进行研究,可为预防和控制各类眼科疾病的发生发展提供崭新的研究方向,现就其最近的科研进展做一综述。 相似文献
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儿童干眼多与先天性、自身免疫性和炎症性疾病等多种系统性疾病有关.由于儿童一般不能配合参与干眼症状的问卷调查,且检查较困难,或因医生缺乏对儿童干眼的认识等,临床常出现对儿童干眼的误诊误治.因此,提高对儿童干眼的认识,了解其常见病因、临床特点,多学科联合对干眼进行诊断与治疗,对儿童干眼防治非常重要. 相似文献
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Purpose
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The association between smoking and eye diseases is less widely recognised relative to other better-known smoking-related conditions. This study aims to assess the awareness and fear of known smoking-related diseases among current smokers attending an ophthalmology outpatient clinic and to evaluate their relative impact on the likelihood of smoking cessation.Patients and methods
A cross-sectional survey using a structured interview of randomly selected current smokers attending an eye clinic was conducted. The knowledge of six smoking-related diseases (lung cancer, heart attack, stroke, blindness, other cancers, and other lung diseases) was assessed. The fear of smoking-related conditions and the relative impact of each smoking-related condition on the smoker''s motivation to quit smoking were evaluated.Results
Out of 200 current smokers aged from 14 to 83 years, only 42.5% (85 patients) were aware that smoking causes blindness. Smokers'' perception of harm caused by smoking was 6.53±3.21 (mean±SD) on a visual analogue scale of 0 to 10. Patients placed blindness as the second most important motivating factor to quit smoking immediately, within 1 year and 5 years, after lung cancer.Conclusion
The awareness of the risk of blindness from smoking was lowest compared with five other smoking-related diseases among eye patients who smoke. However, blindness remains a key motivational factor in smoking cessation and hence should be emphasised as an important negative health consequence of smoking in public health education and anti-smoking campaigns. 相似文献15.
线粒体是多细胞生命不可缺少的组成部分,通过裂变和融合进行形态上的变化和空间上的重新排列以适应细胞的需求,维持能量平衡。线粒体的这种控制其自身数量、大小、形状和在细胞内的分布特征被称为线粒体动力学。正常情况下,线粒体融合-裂变是平衡的,当细胞早期受到应激时,受损的线粒体首先通过裂变和融合来维持其功能的正常运行。线粒体功能异常可能与细胞的衰老和凋亡密切相关,因此,本文就线粒体动力学包括线粒体裂变和融合在常见眼科疾病中的研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
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Nallathambi Jeyabalan Anuprita Ghosh Grace P. Mathias Arkasubhra Ghosh 《Indian journal of ophthalmology》2022,70(7):2232
Rare eye diseases (REDs) are mostly progressive and are the leading cause of irreversible blindness. The disease onset can vary from early childhood to late adulthood. A high rate of consanguinity contributes to India’s predisposition to RED. Most gene variations causing REDs are monogenic and, in some cases, digenic. All three types of Mendelian inheritance have been reported in REDs. Some of the REDs are related to systemic illness with variable phenotypes in affected family members. Approximately, 50% of the children affected by REDs show associated phenotypes at the early stages of the disease. A precise clinical diagnosis becomes challenging due to high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Technological advances, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), have improved genetic and genomic testing for REDs, thereby aiding in determining the underlying causative gene variants. It is noteworthy that genetic testing together with genetic counseling facilitates a more personalized approach in the accurate diagnosis and management of the disease. In this review, we discuss REDs identified in the Indian population and their underlying genetic etiology. 相似文献
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Ezegwui IR Onwasigwe EN 《国际眼科杂志》2005,5(6):1128-1130
目的:研究尼日利亚阿巴卡利基地区儿童眼病的分布特点。
方法:回顾过去15mo就诊于阿巴卡利基联邦医疗中心眼科门诊的15岁及以下儿童的就诊资料,分析阿巴卡利基地区儿童眼病的分布规律。
结果:241位儿童纳入了本次研究。其中男112位为(46.5%),女129位(53.5%)。儿童眼病主要以过敏性结膜炎、屈光不正、感染性结膜炎、眼球挫伤为主。其中过敏性结膜炎患者91人(37.8%),屈光不正37人(15.4名),感染性结膜炎30人(12.4%),眼球挫伤的患者27人(11.2%)。
结论:过敏性结膜炎及屈光不正为阿巴卡利基地区儿童常见的眼病。学前儿童进行眼科检查能有效的早期诊断治疗儿童眼病的发生,并能有效地预防其并发症的发生。 相似文献
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Sox2基因是SRY(sex determination region of Y chromosome)相关基因家族中的一员,是维持胚胎干细胞多能性和自我更新特性的关键转录因子之一。Sox2参与多种生物学过程,如调节细胞增殖和凋亡、参与肿瘤的形成和发展等。但关于Sox2基因在眼部疾病中作用研究的综述较少,为此,本文从Sox2基因的表达水平、相关信号通路及临床应用潜能等方面进行综述,以便于读者对Sox2基因在眼部疾病中的作用有更全面的认识和了解,开展更深入的研究。 相似文献