子宫颈病变中p16~(INK4A)蛋白表达及其与HPV16/18感染的关系

目的 探讨p16INK4A 蛋白在子宫颈鳞癌(SCC)和子宫颈上皮内肿瘤(CIN)中的表达及其与HPV16/18感染的关系.方法 用原位杂交法检测HPV16/18在25例子宫颈癌、45例CIN及10例慢性子宫颈炎中的表达,同时用免疫组化EliVision法检测p16INK4A 蛋白的表达.结果 (1)与慢性子宫颈炎相比,CIN Ⅱ级、CIN Ⅲ级、浸润癌HPV16/18杂交信号阳性率显著增高(P<0.01);(2)子宫颈鳞癌组织、CIN Ⅰ级、CIN Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级及慢性子官颈炎标本中p16INK4A 蛋白阳性率分别为100.0%、20.0%、46.7%、100.0%和10.0%;(3)在子宫颈鳞癌及CIN HPV16/18感染的标本中p16INK4A 蛋白表达均是阳性.结论 子宫颈鳞癌的形成与HPV感染、p16INK4A 蛋白过表达是呈正相关关系,p16INK4A蛋白可能作为子宫颈鳞癌及CIN的标志物,对子宫颈癌筛查和预防有重要意义.     

子宫颈病变中HPV L1蛋白和p16的表达

目的 研究HPV L1蛋白和p16在子宫颈各种病变中的表达情况,探讨它们在子宫颈病变进展中的预测价值.方法 应用免疫组化方法检测41例各种子宫颈病变(CIN1级18例、CIN2级9例、CIN3级8例和浸润性鳞状细胞癌6例)中HPV L1蛋白和p16的表达.结果 HPV L1蛋白在各种子宫颈病变中的阳性率为26.8%.其中HPV L1在CIN1中的阳性表达率为38.9%,CIN2为44.4%,CIN3和浸润性鳞状细胞癌均无表达.p16在各种子宫颈病变中的阳性率为68.3%,其在CIN1中的阳性表达率为38.9%,CIN2为77.8%,CIN3和浸润性鳞状细胞癌均表达阳性.100%CIN3和浸润性鳞状细胞癌为p16+/HPV L1-,而61.1% CIN1中为p16-/HPV L1+或p16-/HPV L1-.结论 随着子宫颈病变的进展,HPV L1阳性表达率降低而p16阳性表达率增高.p16+/HPV L1-提示子宫颈鳞状上皮内瘤变有进展的可能,而p16-/HPV L1+和p16-/HPV L1-可能为无进展的或潜在消退的子宫颈病变.     

子宫颈癌中Smad4和Runx3表达与HPV16感染的关系

目的探讨子宫颈病变组织中Smad4、Runx3蛋白表达和HPV16感染的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测Smad4、Runx3在慢性子宫颈炎、子宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)和子宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达;PCR技术检测相应标本中HPV16感染情况。结果 Smad4在慢性子宫颈炎、CIN和子宫颈鳞癌组织中阳性率分别为80%(20/25)、69.8%(44/63)、40%(18/45),差异有显著性(P<0.01),Runx3在各组中阳性率分别为84%(21/25)、69.8%(44/63)、40%(18/45),差异有显著性(P<0.05)。在子宫颈鳞癌组织中,Smad4蛋白与肿瘤分化程度及有无淋巴结转移相关;Runx3蛋白表达下调与肿瘤分化程度、临床分期及有无淋巴结转移密切相关,表达差异均有显著性(P<0.05);Smad4、Runx3两者之间表达无相关性;HPV16与Smad4表达呈负相关(r=-0.327,P<0.05)。结论 Runx3蛋白表达下调,以及HPV16通过影响Smad4蛋白表达缺失,共同阻断TGF/Smads信号转导通路,促使子宫颈病变不断发展。     

子宫颈病变组织中HPV 16感染与TLR4介导的PI3 K/AKT信号通路相关蛋白表达的关系

目的：探讨子宫颈病变中Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptors 4, TLR4)介导的PI3K/AKT信号通路相关蛋白表达与人乳头状瘤病毒(human papillomavirus HPV)16感染的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测152例慢性子宫颈炎、子宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intra-epithilial neoplasia, CIN)以及子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中TLR4、PI3K、AKT、NF-κB蛋白的表达;抽提石蜡组织总DNA,用PCR法检测组织中HPV 16的感染情况。结果在慢性子宫颈炎、CIN和子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中TLR4、PI3K、AKT和NF-κB 蛋白阳性率分别为32．0%、59．4%、77．8%,28．0%、56．3%、73．0%,24．0%、56．3%、79．4%,8．0%、48．4%、81．0%,并且随着子宫颈病变的加重表达增强(P<0．05);HPV 16在3组子宫颈病变组织中的感染率分别为8．0%、48．4%和81．0%(P<0．05)。 TLR4、PI3K、NF-κB蛋白及HPV 16均与子宫颈癌分化程度有关(P<0．05);PI3K和AKT与临床分期密切相关,NF-κB与淋巴结转移有关(P<0．05);在CIN和子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中TLR4分别与HPV 16(r=0．303,P=0．015;r=0．633,P=0．000)和PI3K(r=0．254,P=0．045;r=0．386,P=0．003)密切相关;在子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中PI3K与AKT密切相关(r=0．298,P=0．018)。结论 HPV 16感染上调TLR4在CIN中的表达,TLR4介导的PI3K/AKT信号通路共同作用对子宫颈上皮从炎症→CIN→子宫颈癌过程中发挥重要作用,HPV 16的感染可能是影响通路分子表达改变的前提条件。     

p16及HPV分型检测在子宫颈黏液腺癌伴双侧卵巢转移中的诊断价值

目的 探讨联合使用免疫组化标记p16及HPV分型检测在诊断和鉴别诊断子宫颈黏液腺癌伴双侧卵巢转移中的诊断价值.方法 分析3例子宫颈黏液腺癌伴双侧卵巢转移的临床病理学特征,对子宫颈及卵巢的癌灶进行含p16在内的多个免疫组化标志物染色及HPV分型检测.结果 3例患者的子宫颈均有不同程度的肥大、糜烂及肿块,双侧卵巢增大,切面有黏液感伴出血、坏死;镜下可见子宫颈腺癌周围有不典型增生的子宫颈管腺上皮,与腺癌移行过渡,可见癌栓,腺癌几乎侵及子宫颈全层;双侧卵巢纤维增生明显,腺癌穿插其中.颈体交界、子宫内膜、输卵管黏膜、阴道手术切缘等查见癌累及.3例子宫颈及卵巢癌灶的免疫表型基本一致,均强阳性表达p16、CK7和Ki-67,HPV亚型分型检测阳性结果如下.子宫颈/卵巢:例1,16、18/16、18、58;例2,16、18/18;例3,16/18.根据p16的表达及HPV分型检测结果,提示3例均为子宫颈黏液腺癌伴双侧卵巢转移.结论 子宫颈黏液腺癌伴双侧卵巢转移属于晚期子宫颈癌.借助p16的表达及HPV亚型的分型检测结果可诊断及鉴别诊断肿瘤的原发部位,有利于肿瘤的后期治疗.     

子宫颈腺癌中COX-2与p27kip1、MMP-2蛋白表达的关系

目的探讨子宫颈腺癌组织中环氧化酶-2(COX-2)与细胞周期调控因子p27kip1、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的表达关系.方法采用组织微阵列技术结合免疫组化S-P法检测106例子宫颈腺癌组织和22例慢性子宫颈炎组织中COX-2与p27kip1、MMP-2的表达.结果106例子宫颈腺癌组织COX-2和MMP-2的阳性表达率分别为86.8%和70.8%,均高于慢性子宫颈炎组织(P＜0.01);p27kip1阳性表达率为58.5%,低于慢性子宫颈炎组织81.8%(P＜0.05).COX-2和MMP-2在子宫颈腺癌的病理分级中,G3组阳性表达率均明显高于G1组(P＜0.05).MMP-2和p27 kip1表达与子宫颈腺癌组织学类型有关,透明细胞腺癌MMP-2阳性表达率高于子宫颈内膜腺癌和子宫内膜样腺癌(P＜0.05),p27kip1阳性表达率低于子宫颈内膜腺癌和子宫内膜样腺癌(P＜0.05).COX-2阳性表达强度与MMP-2的阳性表达强度呈正相关(P＜0.01).COX-2阳性表达强度与p27kiP1的阳性表达强度呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论COX-2与p27kip1、MMP-2在子宫颈腺癌组织中的表达密切相关,p27kip1低表达与COX-2、MMP-2增强表达在子宫颈腺癌的发生发展中起重要作用,三者可能作为子宫颈腺癌恶性化的分子标志.     

高危型人乳头状瘤病毒DNA检测及p16INK4A蛋白表达在子宫颈腺癌诊断中的意义

目的观察p16^INK4A（简称p16）蛋白在子宫颈腺癌和子宫内膜腺癌中的表达及其和高危型人乳头状瘤病毒DNA（HPVDNA）在这两种腺癌中的鉴别诊断价值。方法用免疫组织化学EliVision法检测30例子宫颈腺癌和10例子宫内膜腺癌中p16蛋白的表达情况;并用原位杂交法检测20例子宫颈腺癌和10例子宫内膜腺癌中HPVDNA。结果在30例子宫颈腺癌中21例p16蛋白阳性（70％）,而10例子宫内膜腺癌中3例为阳性。在子宫颈腺癌中p16蛋白呈弥漫性细胞核和细胞质阳性,在子宫内膜腺癌中呈不规则斑点状阳性表达,而且总体强度较弱。HPv16和18在20例子宫颈腺癌中9例（45％）阳性,即细胞核内观察到点状棕黄色颗粒。10例子宫内膜腺癌均为阴性。结论鉴于p16蛋白的表达模式比HPV DNA的检测敏感性高,且易于操作,故建议将其作为区分宫颈癌和子宫内膜腺癌的辅助指标,特别是在活检或诊刮时应增加p16蛋白和HPV DNA的检测。     

人乳头状瘤病毒阴性的宫颈癌及其癌前病变中p16INK4A蛋白表达和DNA倍体分析

目的探讨人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染阴性的宫颈癌及其癌前病变中p16^INK4A蛋白表达和DNA倍体分析的临床病理学意义。方法应用PCR方法筛查出HPV感染阴性的20例慢性宫颈炎、20例宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）、3例宫颈腺上皮内瘤变（CGIN）、38例浸润性鳞状细胞癌（鳞癌）和15例浸润性腺癌作为研究对象。应用免疫组织化学（LSAB）染色方法检测p16^INK4A蛋白在这些病变组织中的表达,并结合流式细胞仪DNA倍体分析探讨HPV阴性的宫颈癌的早期诊断和预后判定。结果p16^INK4A蛋白特异性地表达在CIN和CGIN病变、鳞癌以及腺癌细胞的胞核和胞质中,而在正常鳞状上皮和腺上皮中没有任何阳性表达信号。另外,DNA异倍体在浸润性鳞癌和腺癌中的表达率明显高于CIN病变组（P〈0．01）。在有淋巴结转移的浸润癌中DNA异倍体存在的百分率高于无淋巴结转移组,但尚未发现差异有统计学意义。在8例p16^INK4A表达阴性的浸润性鳞癌中有2例表现为DNA异倍体。结论p16^INK4A蛋白检测可以作为HPV感染阴性的宫颈鳞癌及腺癌的早期诊断指标,结合DNA倍体分析将对宫颈恶性肿瘤的诊断有重要的辅助意义。     

人乳头瘤病毒L1壳蛋白在子宫颈活检组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus, HPV)L1壳蛋白在HPV阳性子宫颈活检组织中的表达与子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变(squamous intraepithelial lesion, SIL)程度的相关性及其应用价值。方法收集2017年1～9月上海市第一妇婴保健院因HPV阳性行子宫颈活检患者966例,以非同位素标记核酸分子杂交技术和免疫组化技术为基础行HPV L1壳蛋白检测。结果 966例中HPV L1壳蛋白的总阳性率为14.8%(143/966),其中慢性子宫颈炎、低级别鳞状上皮内病变(low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, LSIL)、高级别鳞状上皮内病变(high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, HSIL)和子宫颈浸润性鳞状细胞癌中HPV L1壳蛋白的阳性率分别为0.2%(1/513)、37.9%(121/319)、15.9%(21/132)和0(0/2)。LSIL中HPV L1壳蛋白率高于慢性子宫颈炎、HSIL和子宫颈浸润性鳞状细胞癌。结论 HPV L1壳蛋白在子宫颈活检组织中的表达与宫颈鳞状上皮病变程度呈负相关性。HPV L1在帮助了解子宫颈鳞状上皮病变程度,预测子宫颈鳞状上皮病变的发展趋势、转归、预后及选择临床处理方案中有一定参考价值。     

子宫颈腺癌中CD147和p16的表达及意义

目的探讨CD147和p16在子宫颈腺癌中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测51例子宫颈腺癌(endocervical adenocarcinoma,ECA)、11例子宫颈腺体不典型增生(glandular dysplasia,GD)、13例子宫颈良性腺体病变(benign glandular lesions,BGL)和20例正常子宫颈组织中CD147和p16的表达,并复习相关文献。结果 CD147和p16在子宫颈ECA、GD、BGL及正常腺上皮中均有表达。CD147和p16在ECA组中的表达高于BGL组和正常子宫颈组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。CD147在GD组中的表达高于BGL组和正常子宫颈组,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05)。p16在GD组的表达高于正常子宫颈组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。不同年龄、分化程度、组织学类型、有无淋巴结转移、FIGO分期子宫颈腺癌患者CD147和p16的表达差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。ECA组中CD147和p16的表达呈正相关(rs=0. 546,P 0. 05)。结论 CD147和p16对子宫颈腺体良恶性病变的甄别具有重要的参考价值。联合运用CD147和p16可以辅助ECA的诊断,尤其是活检标本的诊断。     

Human papillomavirus 16/18 expression of endocervical glandular lesions: relationship with p53 and MIB-1 Expressions

The pathogenesis of endocervical glandular lesions are not clearly understood. The aims of this study are to evaluate the etiologic role of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 and the relationship of HPV 16/18, p53 and MIB-1 expressions in endocervical glandular dysplasia (EGD), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and adenocarcinoma. The materials included 14 endocervical adenocarcinoma and 5 AIS and 18 high grade EGD and 39 low grade EGD. Immunohistochemistry for p53 and MIB-1, and in situ PCR for HPV 16/18 were done. HPV 16/18 positivity was 84.2%, 16.7% and 17.9% in malignant glandular lesion (adenocarcinoma and AIS), high grade EGD and low grade EGD, respectively. P53 protein expression rates of malignant glandular lesions, high grade EGD and low grade EGD were 31.6%, 11.1%, and 0%, respectively. High MIB-1 labelling index was found in 73.7% of malignant glandular lesions, but in only 5.7% and 3.6% of high and low grade EGD, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in HPV 16/18, p53 and MIB-1 expressions between malignant endocervical glandular lesions and EGD, but no significant difference in p53 and MIB-1 expressions in relation to HPV 16/18 expression. In malignant endocervical glandular lesions, HPV 16/18 infection may be a major causative factor, but not be related to p53 and MIB-1 expressions.     

子宫颈癌中Hedgehog信号通路蛋白表达与人乳头状瘤病毒16型感染的关系

目的 探讨Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路蛋白在宫颈癌及其癌前病变中的临床病理学意义,并分析其与人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)16型感染的关系.方法 32例正常宫颈上皮、71例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN;CIN Ⅰ 28例,CIN Ⅱ 18例,CIN Ⅲ25例)和80例宫颈鳞状细胞癌共183例选自延边大学医院、延边妇幼保健院和延边肿瘤医院病理科存档蜡块.应用PCR技术检测上述组织中HPV16型的感染情况,并应用Shh、Ihh、Ptch和Smo 4种Hh信号通路蛋白抗体、组织芯片和免疫组织化学EnVision法检测Hh信号通路蛋白在上述病变组织中的表达情况.结果 Shh、Ihh、Ptch和Smo在正常宫颈黏膜上皮中为弱阳性,而在宫颈癌和CIN Ⅲ中呈强阳性,其表达率均显著高于正常宫颈黏膜上皮(P均<0.05).80例官颈癌标本中HPV16阳性率是77.5%(62/80),而且Shh蛋白的强阳性率在HPV16型阳性的宫颈癌组织中显著高于HPV16阴性组(P<0.05).结论 Hh信号通路蛋白过表达可以作为宫颈癌及其癌前病变的早期辅助诊断指标并有望成为宫颈癌靶向治疗的新靶点,而且Shh蛋白的过表达与HPV16型感染密切相关.     

Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix

Many reports have shown a link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical squamous neoplasia. However, the association of HPV with cervical adenocarcinoma has been studied less extensively. The authors evaluated the presence of HPV-DNA in 106 patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix by in situ hybridization, using 35S-labeled probes for HPV 16 DNA and HPV 18 DNA. The overall prevalence of HPV-DNA was 18% (19 of 106). HPV 16 was present in 2 (2%) cases, HPV 18 was observed in 15 (14%) cases, and both HPV 16 and HPV 18 were found in 2 (2%) cases. There was a correlation between HPV-DNA positivity and tumor stage (P less than 0.01) and tumor size (P less than 0.05), but there was no relationship between HPV-DNA positivity and tumor differentiation, proliferation (S-phase fraction), ploidy, lymph node metastases, or five-year survival rate. These results suggest that HPV 18 DNA is associated with cervical adenocarcinoma but the presence of HPV 18 has no influence on overall survival.     

P16 overexpression and human papillomavirus infection in small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Carcinogenesis of cervical cancer has been investigated, and p16(INK4a) overexpression in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix has been reported as a result of infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) (eg, HPV 16), and the consequence of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein inactivation by HPV E7 protein. However, to our knowledge, there have been no studies on the relation between p16(INK4a) overexpression associated with HPV and small cell carcinoma of the cervix, which behaves more aggressively clinically than squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether p16(INK4a) is overexpressed in small cell carcinoma, and if p16(INK4a) is overexpressed, the types of HPV that are related to this cancer. We reviewed 10 cases of small cell carcinoma and examined them for p16(INK4a) overexpression by immunohistochemistry. We also performed HPV typing with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing analysis and in situ hybridization and found that p16(INK4a) was overexpressed in every case. PCR-sequencing analyses revealed that all cases were HPV-positive and that 9 cases were positive for HPV 18. Five of the 9 cases positive for HPV 18 were also positive by in situ hybridization and yielded a punctate signal, considered to represent the integrated form. In conclusion, p16(INK4a) was overexpressed and HPV 18 was frequently detected in an integrated form in small cell carcinoma. Therefore, inactivation of Rb protein by HPV 18 E7 protein may be associated with carcinogenesis of small cell carcinoma the same as inactivation of Rb protein by HPV 16 E7 protein is associated with carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma.     

宫颈癌组织中survivin和CD44v6的表达及其与HPV16/18感染的相关性

目的研究survivin、CD44v6在宫颈癌组织中的表达及其与HPV16/18感染的相关性,以探讨宫颈癌的发生机制。方法用免疫组化方法进行survivin和CD44v6的检测,用PCR检测HPV16/18感染情况。结果survivin和CD44v6的阳性率在宫颈癌组织中远高于CIN和正常宫颈组织,差异显著(均P<0.01),其表达率与淋巴结转移有关(均P<0.05)。CD44v6随着临床分期、病例分级的升高阳性率升高(P<0.05),survivin的阳性率则随着病例分级的升高而增加(P<0.05)。HPV16/18在正常宫颈组织、CIN和宫颈癌中的阳性率逐渐升高(P<0.01),但与临床分期、病理分级、淋巴转移无关。survivin与HPV16/18感染有相关性(P<0.05)。结论宫颈癌组织中survivin的异常表达与HPV16/18感染有关。survivin和CD44v6与宫颈癌的恶变程度有关,可作为宫颈癌筛查预后判断的有利指标。     

北京地区人乳头瘤病毒16型感染及其E6/E7基因变异与宫颈病变的相关性研究

目的探讨HPV16感染及其E6/E7基因变异与宫颈病变的相关性。方法采用导流杂交技术进行HPV感染分型检测,PCR扩增出80份HPV16阳性宫颈病变的E6/E7基因、克隆入pMD18-T载体,双向测序分析基因变异与宫颈病变相关性。结果HPV16在宫颈病变患者中的检出率最高为33.3%(154/463),与病变程度相关(P<0.05)。E6/E7基因72份测序成功,DNA序列变异发生率为88.9%(64/72)。氨基酸序列E6-D32E(T96G)和E7-N29S(A86G)位点突变同时伴随存在,D32E/N29S的检出率为38.9%(28/72),与宫颈病变程度相关(P<0.05)。结论HPV16是北京地区来源的宫颈病变中最常见的致病型,其D32E/N29S变异与病变程度相关。     

p16 Immunoreactivity in unusual types of cervical adenocarcinoma does not reflect human papillomavirus infection

Houghton O, Jamison J, Wilson R, Carson J & McCluggage W G
(2010) Histopathology 57, 342–350
p16 Immunoreactivity in unusual types of cervical adenocarcinoma does not reflect human papillomavirus infection Aims: The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical carcinoma is well known, with HPV being identifiable in almost all cervical squamous carcinomas and most adenocarcinomas. However, the prevalence of HPV in unusual morphological types of cervical adenocarcinoma has not been investigated extensively. The aim was to determine HPV status in a series of primary cervical adenocarcinomas, enriched for unusual morphological types. The relationship between HPV and p16 immunoreactivity in these neoplasms was also investigated, as it is generally assumed that in cervical neoplasms diffuse p16 expression is predictive of the presence of high‐risk HPV. Methods and results: Sixty‐three cervical adenocarcinomas, comprising those of usual type (n = 43), minimal deviation type (n = 4), gastric type (n = 3), intestinal type (n = 3), mesonephric type (n = 3), clear cell type (n = 4), serous type (n = 2) and hepatoid type (n = 1) underwent linear array HPV genotyping and immunohistochemistry for p16. Overall, HPV was identified in 32 of 56 cases (57%) in which sufficient DNA was present for analysis. The most common HPV types were 16 and 18, with these being identified in 20 and 18 cases, respectively, either alone or in combination. Seventy‐eight per cent of usual‐type adenocarcinomas were HPV‐positive, as was the single serous carcinoma in which there was sufficient DNA for analysis. In contrast, all minimal deviation adenocarcinomas and those of gastric, intestinal, mesonephric and clear cell types were HPV‐negative, as was the single hepatoid carcinoma. All usual‐type adenocarcinomas exhibited p16 immunoreactivity (diffuse staining in all but one case), as did 11 of 20 of those of unusual morphological type (five focal, six diffuse). Conclusions: Most, but not all, cervical adenocarcinomas of usual type contain HPV, but those of unusual morphological type are almost always HPV‐negative. This has implications for the efficacy of HPV vaccination in the prevention of cervical adenocarcinoma. A significant proportion of cervical adenocarcinomas are p16‐positive in the absence of HPV, illustrating that in these neoplasms diffuse p16 immunoreactivity is not a reliable surrogate marker of the presence of high‐risk HPV.     

Expression Status of p16 Protein Is Associated with Human Papillomavirus Oncogenic Potential in Cervical and Genital Lesions

The p16 protein (p16) is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that decelerates the cell cycle by inactivating the CDKs that phosphorylate retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Recent biological studies have revealed that p16 expression is markedly influenced by the status of Rb expression, and p16 overexpression has been demonstrated in cervical cancers because of functional inactivation of Rb by human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein. To clarify the relationship between p16 overexpression and HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis, immunohistochemical analysis of p16 and detection of HPV by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction were performed on 139 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of cervical and genital condylomatous and neoplastic lesions. Marked overexpression of p16 protein, ie, diffuse and strong immunostaining, was observed in all cervical cancers and preneoplastic lesions with infection by high- and intermediate-risk HPVs, ie, subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 52, and 58. Condylomata acuminata and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with infection by low-risk HPV such as HPV-6/11 showed focal and weak immunohistochemical staining for p16. Our results clearly showed that the mode of p16 expression in lesions with high- and intermediate-risk HPVs differed from its expression in lesions with low-risk HPVs and thus might be attributable to differences in functional inactivation of Rb protein by different HPVs.     

宫颈癌组织中MCM4、TFF2的表达及其与HPV_(16/18)感染的相关性研究

研究MCM4、TFF2在宫颈癌组织中的表达及其与HPV16/18感染的相关性,以探讨宫颈癌的发生机制,进一步寻找有利于宫颈癌诊断的新的分子标志物,以指导其诊断与预后。采用免疫组织化学方法对50例宫颈癌石蜡标本、宫颈上皮内瘤变CINⅠ20例、CINⅡ-Ⅲ20例、正常宫颈组织20例进行MCM4、TFF2的检测,同时采用PCR技术检测HPV16/18感染情况。结果:(1)在宫颈癌组织中MCM4的阳性率高于CIN和正常宫颈组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且MCM4阳性表达率与病理分级、淋巴结转移有关,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在宫颈癌组织中MCM4的阳性表达率与年龄分组、临床分期无关(均P>0.05)。在宫颈癌组织中TFF2的阳性率低于CIN和正常宫颈组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且TFF2阳性表达率与年龄分组有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其阳性表达率均与临床分期、病理分级、淋巴转移无关(均P>0.05);(2)HPV16/18在正常宫颈组织、CIN和宫颈癌中的阳性率逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但与年龄、临床分期、病理分级、淋巴转移无关(均P>0.05);(3)在宫颈癌组织中,MCM4与HPV16/18感染呈正相关(rs=0.634,P<0.01),TFF2与MCM4、HPV16/18感染呈负相关(rs=-0.375,P<0.01;rs=-0.500,P<0.01)。宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌组织中MCM4、TFF2表达的改变可能与HPV16/18感染有关,且互相作用,共同影响CIN的发展及宫颈癌的发生。这些指标综合分析可能为阐明HPV16/18的恶性转化机制以及为提高宫颈癌及其癌前病变诊断率提供参考依据。MCM4的异常表达与宫颈癌的恶变程度有关,可作为宫颈癌筛查、预后判断的有利指标。