麋鹿角醇提液对正常小鼠IL-2和IFN-γ的影响

目的：观察麋鹿角醇提液对正常小鼠细胞因子白介素2(IL-2)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的影响。方法：30只ICR小鼠随机分成3组：正常组、麋鹿角醇提液低剂量组(2 g·kg^-1·d^-1)、高剂量组(4 g·kg^-1·d^-1),灌胃给药,连续7 d。采用ELISA法检测血清中细胞因子IL-2,IFN-γ的浓度,RT-PCR法检测脾淋巴细胞IL-2,IFN-γ mRNA的表达。结果：麋鹿角醇提液高剂量组小鼠血清中IL-2和IFN-γ的浓度升高,脾淋巴细胞IL-2,IFN-γ mRNA的表达增强。结论：麋鹿角醇提液能促进正常小鼠细胞因子IL-2,IFN-γ的分泌与表达,增强其细胞免疫功能。     

金边瑞香不同提取物体内抗肿瘤作用的比较

目的 比较金边瑞香不同提取物的体内抗肿瘤作用.方法 采用系统溶剂萃取法对金边瑞香进行提取及初步分离,利用小鼠皮下移植性肿瘤模型观察不同浓度金边瑞香不同提取物的体内抗肿瘤作用.结果 金边瑞香醋酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物和总浸膏对荷S180瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长均有抑制作用,20 g/(kg·d)金边瑞香剂量组抑瘤率分别达到39.90%,48.56%,46.15%.金边瑞香各提取物对小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数无明显影响.结论 金边瑞香正丁醇提取物为其抗肿瘤有效部位.     

复肝春6号对小鼠肝癌的抑制作用及对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：研究复肝春6号（FGC-6）的抗肝癌作用及对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：将接种H22肝癌细胞的小鼠分为模型组、5-氟尿嘧啶组（5-Fu组）、FGC-6 高、中、低剂量组（含生药量70,35,15 g·kg^-1）,另设正常对照组,连续给药10 d。观察小鼠瘤重、体重、NK细胞杀靶活性、淋巴细胞增殖活性及脾细胞白细胞介素2（IL-2）分泌量的变化。制备FGC-6含药血清,以MTT法和生长曲线法观察该含药血清对体外培养H22细胞的增殖抑制作用。 结果：FGC-6高剂量可明显抑制荷瘤小鼠移植瘤的生长,且FGC-6含药血清对H22细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,呈时间和浓度依赖性。模型组荷瘤小鼠的NK细胞杀靶活性和脾细胞IL-2分泌量均明显低于正常对照组（P<0.05）； 而FGC-6高剂量组荷瘤小鼠的NK细胞杀靶活性、脾细胞IL-2分泌量和淋巴细胞增殖活性均得到明显改善,FGC-6中剂量治疗使荷瘤小鼠的脾细胞IL-2分泌能力增强,与模型组比较差异显著（P<0.05）。 结论： FGC-6可明显抑制H22细胞的生长,改善荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能。     

蜜环菌多糖对环磷酰胺损伤小鼠骨髓细胞的保护作用

目的:观察蜜环菌多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠骨髓细胞损伤的保护作用。方法:纯系昆明小鼠 50 只,随机分为5组,正常对照组;阳性对照组(rhG-CSF 20μg·kg^-1·d^-1);环磷酰胺(150 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)损伤组;蜜环菌多糖(25 0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)低剂量保护组;蜜环菌多糖(50.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)高剂量保护组。阳性对照组sc rhG CSF 6 d,ip环磷酰胺3 d。保护组 ip蜜环菌多糖8 d,ip环磷酰胺3 d。记数外周血WBC,RBC,PLT和骨髓细胞悬液WBC,BM NC,骨髓象分析。结果: 保护组、阳性对照组外周血中的WBC,RBC,PLT,骨髓细胞悬液中WBC,BMNC明显高于损伤组,P<0.01;保护组中骨髓早幼粒、分叶核细胞数,高剂量组比低剂量组明显增多。结论: 蜜环菌多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠骨髓细胞损伤有较好的保护作用。     

白芥子提取物抑制前列腺增生的实验研究[Ⅱ]

目的:研究白芥子提取物抑制前列腺增生的活性成分和作用机理。方法:采用丙酸睾酮诱导的去势小鼠前列腺增生;组胺诱导的小鼠皮肤毛细血管通透性增加;滤纸片埋藏诱发的大鼠皮下肉芽肿为动物模型。从白芥子提取物中分离得到的白芥子苷和白芥子β-谷甾醇为药效研究对象。结果:白芥子苷(16.0,8.0mg·kg^-1·d^-1)和β-谷甾醇(16.0,8.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)均能明显降低由丙酸睾酮诱发的去势小鼠前列腺增生,降低小鼠血清酸性磷酸酶活力(P<0.01或P<0.05);白芥子苷(16.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)能明显降低滤纸片埋藏引起的大鼠肉芽肿增殖(P<0.05);β-谷甾醇(8.0,16.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)能明显降低组胺诱发的小鼠毛细血管通透性增加(P<0.05)。结论:白芥子苷、β-谷甾醇具有抗雄激素和抗炎活性。     

枳椇子提取物对D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠氧化损伤的保护作用

 目的观察枳椇子提取物(Semen hoveniae extract,SHE)对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老小鼠氧化损伤的保护作用,并探讨其保护作用的可能机制。方法NIH小鼠随机分为6组:空白对照组,衰老模型组,维生素E组(200mg·kg^-1·d^-1),SHE低、中、高剂量组(50,100,200mg·kg^-1·d^-1),小鼠颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖(100mg·kg^-1·d^-1)造成小鼠亚急性衰老模型,同时按分组灌胃给予相应药物,每天一次,连续给药45d后进行实验,以小鼠水迷宫测定衰老小鼠的学习记忆能力;比色法测定小鼠肝脏及脑组织中超氧化合物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量,蛋白含量测定用考马斯亮蓝法。结果水迷宫实验中,与模型组小鼠相比,各剂量给药组小鼠到达平台的潜伏期明显缩短,进入盲端的错误次数显著减少;肝、脑组织匀浆测定结果显示:各给药组SOD、GSH-Px活力显著增加,MDA含量明显减少。结论不同剂量的SHE均能改善D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠的学习记忆能力,具有延缓衰老的作用,此作用可能部分是通过增加体内抗氧化酶的活性,减少过氧化脂质的生成,提高机体抗氧化能力而导致的。     

青龙衣中胡桃醌对S180肉瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用研究

 目的研究胡桃醌的体内抗肿瘤作用,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法建立S₁₈₀荷瘤小鼠肉瘤模型,考察胡桃醌的体内抑瘤活性及其对胸腺和脾脏指数的影响;HE染色,光镜观察各组小鼠肿瘤组织生长及病理变化;透射电镜观察肿瘤细胞超微结构改变;流式细胞仪检测肿瘤组织细胞的凋亡率及细胞周期的改变。结果在2,4和8μmol·kg^-1·d^-1剂量下,胡桃醌对S₁₈₀实体瘤的抑瘤率分别为29.04%,37.33%,52.66%,瘤重与空白对照组比较均显著降低(P<0.01);胡桃醌4,8μmol·kg^-1·d^-1剂量组脾脏指数降低(P<0.01),各剂量组胸腺指数无明显变化(P>0.05);光镜下胡桃醌各组肿瘤组织坏死程度明显增加;电镜下观察发现,胡桃醌各组均出现核染色质凝集、边聚,凋亡小体形成等典型的细胞凋亡形态学改变;胡桃醌2,4和8μmol·kg^-1·d^-1剂量下,流式细胞仪检测发现凋亡峰,凋亡率分别为(5.58±0.63)%、(6.66±0.85)%和(10.27±1.05)%。细胞周期观察发现,G₁期细胞百分率有所降低,而G₂/M期有所增加,推测胡桃醌可将细胞阻滞于G₂/M期,但还需进一步研究证实。结论胡桃醌能有效抑制小鼠S₁₈₀实体肿瘤的生长,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡及引起G₂/M期阻滞可能是其主要作用途径。     

青龙衣毒性作用及体外抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的 :青龙衣提取物及其分离成分的毒性及体外抗肿瘤作用。方法 :采用常规小鼠急性毒性试验方法 ,MTT [3-(4 ,5-dimethylthiazol -2 yl)-2 ,5-diphenylterazolium bromide ,MTT]法和SRB(sulforhodamin B)法对青龙衣提取物及其分离成分的抗肿瘤作用进行了初步筛选。结果 :除小鼠腹腔注射青龙衣氯仿萃取物LD₅₀ 为575.38mg·kg^-1和青龙衣醋酸乙酯萃取物为1303.59mg·kg^{-1,青龙衣总提取物和青龙衣石油醚萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物小鼠口服及腹腔注射LD50 均大于 5g·kg-1。醋酸乙酯粗提部分对人白血病细胞株HL60在100 μg·mL-1时 ,细胞抑制率 <50 % ,在 100μg·mL-1剂量下 ,青龙衣的氯仿粗提部分和醋酸乙酯粗提部分对白血病细胞株HL6 0、人胃癌细胞株BGC823及人宫颈癌细胞株Hela细胞的抑制率均>50% ,其IC₅₀ (生长抑制 ) <100μg·mL-1。结论 :青龙衣氯仿提取物和醋酸乙酯提取物具有一定的抗肿瘤作用。}     

金针菇多糖对环磷酰胺的增效减毒作用

目的:观察金针菇多糖(FVP₁)对化疗药环磷酰胺的增效减毒作用。方法:①NIH小鼠右腋皮下接种0.2mL的1×10⁷·mL^-1的S180肉瘤后,随机分为3组:模型对照组腹注生理盐水;环磷酰胺组在第1,3天腹注30mg·kg^-1体重的环磷酰胺,其余时间用生理盐水;FVP₁合并环磷酰胺组在第1,3天腹注30mg·kg^-1体重的环磷酰胺,同时每天腹注10mg·kg^-1的FVP₁,连续10d。剥取肿瘤称重,计算抑瘤率。②小鼠腹注100mg·kg^-1环磷酰胺,连续2d建立免疫抑制小鼠模型,随机分成4组:环磷酰胺组腹注生理盐水;FVP₁小、中、大剂量组分别腹注5,10,20mg·kg^-1的FVP₁,连续7d;另设不用环磷酰胺造模的作为空白对照组。实验结束后检测各组小鼠的外周白细胞、胸腺指数、脾指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、脾淋巴细胞转化和NK细胞活性。结果:①FVP₁与小剂量环磷酰胺伍用能明显提高环磷酰胺对小鼠S180的抑瘤率。②5,10,20mg·kg^-1的FVP₁均能明显对抗环磷酰胺所致的小鼠白细胞减少和免疫器官萎缩,拮抗环磷酰胺所致的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的降低,恢复免疫受抑小鼠的淋转功能以及NK细胞杀伤活性。结论:FVP₁对环磷酰胺具有一定的增效减毒作用。     

黄芪提取物对支气管哮喘小鼠气道阻力 及肺功能的影响及其机制

〔摘 要〕 目的：研究黄芪提取物对支气管哮喘小鼠气道阻力及肺功能的影响及其机制。 方法：采用卵清蛋白法建立支 气管哮喘 BALB/c 小鼠模型，分为低剂量黄芪提取物处理组（L-ASE 组，采用 5 mg·mL^-1 黄芪提取物灌胃）、高剂量黄芪 提取物处理组（H-ASE 组，采用 10 mg·mL^-1 黄芪提取物灌胃），选择建模成功支气管哮喘小鼠模型为模型组，选择正常 小鼠为对照组。检查并比较四组小鼠 2 min 咳嗽次数、特殊气道阻力（sRaw）、气道阻力（RI）、潮气量（TV）、每分钟 通气量（MV）、静态肺顺应性（Cst）、血清肿瘤坏死因子 -α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素 -1β（IL-1β）、IL-6 水平差异。 结果：模型组小鼠 2 min 咳嗽次数、0 mg·mL^-1 、5 mg·mL^-1 、10 mg·mL^-1 、15 mg·mL^-1 浓度乙酰甲胆碱时 sRaw、RI、Cst、 血清 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 水平显著高于对照组，TV 和 MV 显著低于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。L-ASE 组和 H-ASE 组小鼠 2 min 咳嗽次数、0 mg·mL^-1 、5 mg·mL^-1 、10 mg·mL^-1 、15 mg·mL^-1 浓度乙酰甲胆碱时 sRaw、RI、 Cst、血清 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 水平显著低于模型组，TV 和 MV 显著高于模型组，差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。H-ASE 组 2 min 小鼠咳嗽次数、0 mg·mL^-1 、5 mg·mL^-1 、10 mg·mL^-1 、15 mg·mL^-1 浓度乙酰甲胆碱时 sRaw、RI、Cst、血清 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 水平显著低于 L-ASE 组，TV 和 MV 显著高于 L-ASE 组，差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论：黄芪提取物可显著改善支气管小鼠气道阻力和肺功能，其机制可能与下调支气管哮喘小鼠炎症反应有关。     

Anti-tumor activity and relative mechanism of ethanolic extract of Marsdenia tenacissima (Asclepiadaceae) against human hematologic neoplasm in vitro and in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Marsdenia tenacissima, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, endemic to Yunnan Province is widely used to treat cough, asthma, expectorant, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anti-hematologic neoplasm potential of the ethanolic extract of this herb (crude ethanolic extract of Marsdenia tenacissima, CME) and by using different assays to elucidate its possible mechanism of action.

Materials and methods

The cytotoxicity of CME on tumor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated using MTT and apoptosis assays. We also tested the effect of CME on colony formation inhibition and cell cycle distribution of tumor cells. The protein expressions of Cyclin D1, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected through Western blotting. In vivo anti-tumor effect was evaluated by measuring tumor volume changes, measuring tumor weight, evaluation of tumor microvessel density (MVD) and TUNEL staining by using immunohistochemistry staining in tumor models of nude mice.

Results

Marsdenia tenacissima ethanolic extract exhibited effects of proliferation inhibition and induction of apoptosis on human hematologic neoplasm tumor cells in vitro, as well as hematologic neoplasm growth in vivo.

Conclusion

This study clearly indicated that the ethanolic extract of Marsdenia tenacissima displayed strong anti-tumor effects against hematologic neoplasm cells and could induce tumor cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, and also had a significant anti-angiogenic effect in vivo against tumor cell apoptosis. Its multi-mechanism of action might be associated with the cell cycle (G0/G1) arrest, induction of apoptosis through up-regulation protein expressions of Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3 genes and down-regulation of the expressions of Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 genes, a decrease in tumor microvessel density and an increase of TUNEL-positive cells in vivo. These findings provided the molecular theoretical basis of clinical application.     

Nigella sativa modulates splenocyte proliferation, Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, macrophage function and NK anti-tumor activity

Aim of the study

Nigella sativa, also known as blackseed, has long been used in traditional medicine for treating various conditions related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems as well as different types of cancers. In this study, the potential immunomodulatory effects of Nigella sativa are investigated in light of splenocyte proliferation, macrophage function, and NK anti-tumor activity using BLAB/c and C57/BL6 primary cells.

Materials and methods

Splenocyte proliferation was assessed by [³H]-thymidine incorporation. Griess assay was performed to evaluate NO production by macrophages. ELISA was performed to measure the level of cytokines secreted by splenocytes and macrophages. NK cytotoxic activity against YAC-1 tumor cells was examined by JAM assay.

Results

We demonstrate that the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa significantly enhances splenocyte proliferation in a dose-responsive manner. In addition, the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa favors the secretion of Th2, versus Th1, cytokines by splenocytes. The secretion of IL-6, TNFα, and NO; key pro-inflammatory mediators, by primary macrophages is significantly suppressed by the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa, indicating that Nigella sativa exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Finally, experimental evidence indicates that the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa significantly enhances NK cytotoxic activity against YAC-1 tumor cells, suggesting that the documented anti-tumor effects of Nigella sativa may be, at least in part, attributed to its ability to serve as a stimulant of NK anti-tumor activity.

Conclusions

Our data present Nigella sativa as a traditionally used herb with potent immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. We anticipate that Nigella sativa ingredients may be employed as effective therapeutic agents in the regulation of diverse immune reactions implicated in various conditions and diseases such as cancer.     

Potential anticancer properties of the water extract of Inontus obliquus by induction of apoptosis in melanoma B16-F10 cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom), one of the widely known medicinal mushrooms, has been used to treat various cancers in Russia and most of Baltic countries for many centuries.

Aim of the study

To examine the anti-proliferative effects of Inonotus obliquus extract on melanoma B16-F10 cells. Furthermore, to assess the anti-tumor effect of Inonotus obliquus extract in vivo in Balb/c mice.

Materials and methods

The water extract of Inonotus obliquus was studied for anti-proliferative effects on the growth and morphology of B16-F10 melanoma cells and for anti-tumor effect using in vivo in Balb/c mice.

Results

Inonotus obliquus extract not only inhibited the growth of B16-F10 cells by causing cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁ phase and apoptosis, but also induced cell differentiation. These effects were associated with the down-regulation of pRb, p53 and p27 expression levels, and further showed that Inonotus obliquus extract resulted in a G₀/G₁ cell cycle arrest with reduction of cyclin E/D1 and Cdk 2/4 expression levels. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effect of Inonotus obliquus extract was assessed in vivo in Balb/c mice. Intraperitoneal administration of Inonotus obliquus extract significantly inhibited the growth of tumor mass in B16-F10 cells implanted mice, resulting in a 3-fold (relative to the positive control, ^*p < 0.05) inhibit at dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 10 days.

Conclusion

This study showed that the water extract of Inonotus obliquus mushroom exhibited a potential anticancer activity against B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of proliferation and induction of differentiation and apoptosis of cancer cells.     

藤梨根正丁醇提取物和总黄酮苷抗肿瘤作用研究

目的:观察藤梨根正丁醇提取物和总黄酮苷对体内外肿瘤的抑制作用。方法:建立小鼠S180肉瘤和H22肝癌模型,分别将72只接种小鼠随机分为对照组、受试药高、中、低剂量组与阳性对照(环磷酰胺)组,观察藤梨根正丁醇提取物和总黄酮苷对体内肿瘤生长的抑制作用以及脾脏、胸腺指数、肿瘤坏死因子的影响。MTT法观察藤梨根正丁醇提取物不同浓度和不同时间对体外人肺腺癌细胞株A549细胞生长的抑制作用。流式细胞仪检测藤梨根正丁醇提取物不同浓度对人肺腺癌细胞株A549细胞周期的影响。结果:藤梨根总黄酮苷对S180肉瘤和H22肝癌模型,中剂量组可以减轻瘤重,抑瘤率分别为33.32%,34.62%;体外实验表明藤梨根正丁醇提取物对A549肺癌细胞有抑制作用,作用持续时间48 h;藤梨根正丁醇提取物1.25,0.625 g.L-1可使G0~G1期出现阻滞,显著减少S期细胞比例。结论:藤梨根正丁醇和总黄酮苷均有抗肿瘤作用。     

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of extract and fractions from Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ et Bar.) Ching

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Pyrrosia petiolosa is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of acute pyelonephritis, chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract and its derived fractions of Pyrrosia petiolosa obtained with solvents of different polarities and to perform the anti-inflammatory screening.

Materials and methods

The powdered aerial parts of Pyrrosia petiolosa were used to extract various fractions with ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, N-butanol and aqueous. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed on the ethanol extract, petroleum ether fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, N-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction. The agar diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were employed to evaluate antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract and fractions. The in vitro cytotoxicity of ethanol extract and fractions was determined using MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was analyzed using the mouse ear swelling induced by xylene.

Results

The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anthraquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, phenols and reducing sugars in the extract and fractions. Antibacterial results showed that petroleum ether fraction and N-butanol fraction inhibited all the tested microorganisms with the maximum inhibition zone of 15.25±0.35 mm. Ethyl acetate fraction also exhibited good antibacterial activity except Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, while extract and aqueous fraction inhibited 8 out of 13 (61.5%) of the tested microorganisms. The MIC values of ethanol extract and fractions ranged from 1.25 to 10.00 mg/mL and most of the MBC values were equal or twice as high as the corresponding MIC values. The in vitro cytotoxicity showed the ethanol extract and fractions exhibited non-toxic or low toxic activity against lung cancer cell lines A549 and mouse spleen cells. In anti-inflammatory experiment, ethanol extract at 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity against the mouse ear swelling induced by xylene and the maximum inhibition rate reached as high as 67%.

Conclusions

Pyrrosia petiolosa could be a potential candidate for future development of a novel antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.     

黑莓籽降血脂有效部位研究

目的: 研究黑莓籽石油醚部位、正丁醇部位及黑莓籽油对高脂血症小鼠的脂质代谢和脂质过氧化的影响. 方法: 120只小鼠随机分为12组:正常组,模型组,阳性对照组和石油醚部位高剂量组(800 mg·kg^-1),中剂量组(400 mg·kg^-1)和低剂量组(200 mg·kg^-1),正丁醇部位高剂量组(600 mg·kg^-1),中剂量组(300 mg·kg^-1)和低剂量组(150 mg·kg^-1),黑莓籽油高剂量组(1 000 mg·kg^-1),中剂量组(500 mg·kg^-1)和低剂量组(250 mg·kg^-1),采用灌胃高脂乳剂诱导高脂血症小鼠模型, 测定血清中甘油三脂(TG),总胆固醇(TC),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),丙二醛(MDA)的含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及肝、肾、脾系数. 结果: 石油醚部位低剂量组能显著性的降低血清中TG,TC,LDL-C和MDA的含量及肝、脾系数,升高HDL-C的含量及SOD的活性(P<0.05);正丁醇部位中、低剂量组均能显著性的降低血清中TG,TC,LDL-C,MDA的含量及肝、脾系数,升高SOD的活性(P<0.05);黑莓籽油中剂量组均能显著性的降低血清中TG,TC,MDA的含量及肝、脾系数,升高HDL-C的含量及SOD的活性(P<0.05);油高剂量组均能显著性的降低血清中TG,TC,MDA的含量及肝、脾系数,升高SOD的活性(P<0.05);正丁醇部位高剂量组能显著性的降低血清中TG,MDA的含量及肝、脾系数,升高HDL-C的含量及SOD的活性(P<0.05);油低剂量组能显著性的降低血清中TG,TC,LDL-C的含量及肝、脾系数,升高HDL-C的含量(P<0.05);石油醚部位高剂量组(TG,TC)和中剂量组(TC,HDL-C)及肝脾系数)能显著性改变,其他各指标虽不具有显著性,但与模型组相比,具有一定的效果. 结论: 黑莓籽石油醚部位、正丁醇部位及黑莓籽油具有一定程度的调节脂质代谢和抗脂质过氧化,改善脂质在小鼠肝脏和脾中的蓄积,减少氧化应激,推测其可能是黑莓籽有效部位降血脂的作用机制之一.     

红花桑寄生多糖抑制小鼠S180肉瘤生长的研究

目的:研究红花桑寄生多糖的体内外抑瘤作用.方法:采用水提醇沉法提取分离红花桑寄生多糖(Scurrula para-sitica polysaccharides,SP),MTT法检测了SP对S180,K562和HL-60细胞增殖的抑制作用,腹腔给药检测SP对S180的体内抑瘤效果,并采用免疫组化方法分析了SP对瘤组织中Ki-67,CyclinD1,Bax和Bcl-2等细胞增殖与凋亡抗原表达的影响.结果:SP体外无抑瘤作用,体内抑制S180实体瘤生长的最适剂量为100 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),抑瘤率为54%,SP对小鼠体重增长无影响.SP可下调瘤组织中Ki-67,CyclinD1和Bcl-2抗原的表达,上调Bax的表达.结论:SP可通过体内途径抑制瘤细胞增殖和促进瘤细胞凋亡而起到抗肿瘤作用.     

狗肝菜保肝作用有效部位筛选研究

目的:初步确定狗肝菜保肝护肝的有效活性部位.方法:用CCl4制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型,对4个不同极性部位萃取物进行药效学筛选.结果:狗肝菜正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物可明显抑制急性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT,AST和MDA活性(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),升高SOD活性(P＜0.05).结论:正丁醇部位和水部位为狗肝菜保肝的药效学活性部位.     

糙苏素的抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:探讨藏药螃蟹甲中环烯醚萜类成分糙苏素(phlomiol)的抗肿瘤作用.方法:采用MTT法检测糙苏素对体外培养的2种人肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用;体内试验采用小鼠实体瘤S180、肝癌H22细胞株接种小鼠,连续给药14 d,计算抑瘤率.采用MTT比色法检测糙苏素对S180荷瘤小鼠NK细胞杀伤活性的影响和对S180荷瘤小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响.结果:糙苏素在50～150 mg·L-1对2种肿瘤细胞增殖均有抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖关系(r=0.989,P<0.05);体内试验结果显示小鼠分别灌胃给予2.5,5,10 mg·kg-13个剂量的糙苏素,对接种的实体瘤S180、肝癌H22细胞株的抑瘤率分别为28.5%～65.0%.35.0%～74.5%.同时,糙苏素可显著提高S180荷瘤小鼠淋巴细胞增殖活性(P<0.05),显著增加S180荷瘤小鼠NK细胞的杀伤能力(P<0.05).结论:糙苏素对体外培养的人肿瘤细胞和接种的小鼠肿瘤具有明显抑制作用,能够增强淋巴细胞增殖功能和NK细胞的杀伤能力,具有抗肿瘤和免疫调节功能.     

Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects

Aim of the study

Various parts of Carica papaya Linn. (CP) have been traditionally used as ethnomedicine for a number of disorders, including cancer. There have been anecdotes of patients with advanced cancers achieving remission following consumption of tea extract made from CP leaves. However, the precise cellular mechanism of action of CP tea extracts remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of aqueous-extracted CP leaf fraction on the growth of various tumor cell lines and on the anti-tumor effect of human lymphocytes. In addition, we attempted to identify the functional molecular weight fraction in the CP leaf extract.

Materials and methods

The effect of CP extract on the proliferative responses of tumor cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and cytotoxic activities of PBMC were assessed by [³H]-thymidine incorporation. Flow cytometric analysis and measurement of caspase-3/7 activities were performed to confirm the induction of apoptosis on tumor cells. Cytokine productions by PBMC were measured by ELISA. Gene profiling of the effect of CP extract treatment was performed by microarray analysis and real-time RT-PCR.

Results

We observed significant growth inhibitory activity of the CP extract on tumor cell lines. In PBMC, the production of IL-2 and IL-4 was reduced following the addition of CP extract, whereas that of IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IFN-γ and TNF-α was enhanced without growth inhibition. In addition, cytotoxicity of activated PBMC against K562 was enhanced by the addition of CP extract. Moreover, microarray analyses showed that the expression of 23 immunomodulatory genes, classified by gene ontology analysis, was enhanced by the addition of CP extract. In this regard, CCL2, CCL7, CCL8 and SERPINB2 were representative of these upregulated genes, and thus may serve as index markers of the immunomodulatory effects of CP extract. Finally, we identified the active components of CP extract, which inhibits tumor cell growth and stimulates anti-tumor effects, to be the fraction with M.W. less than 1000.

Conclusion

Since Carica papaya leaf extract can mediate a Th1 type shift in human immune system, our results suggest that the CP leaf extract may potentially provide the means for the treatment and prevention of selected human diseases such as cancer, various allergic disorders, and may also serve as immunoadjuvant for vaccine therapy.