蚕沙粗品叶绿素酸降解产物的分离与鉴定

文章报道了以蚕沙粗品叶绿素为原料制备脱镁叶绿酸a类组分混合物的方法,比较了其与由菠菜制得的产品的不同组成。经HPLC制备分离、~1H-NMR和MS证明来源于蚕沙的脱镁叶绿酸a类组分混合物含有脱镁叶绿酸a(58％)、脱镁叶碌酸a`(11％)和焦脱镁叶绿酸a(31％),而由菠菜制得的产品中只含脱镁叶绿酸a     

新型肿瘤光化学诊治剂脱镁叶绿酸a的化学研究

本文首次报道了以蚕沙糊状叶绿素为原料制备分离新型肿瘤光化学诊治剂脱镁叶绿酸a的方法,初步研究了它的色谱和光谱特征及光化学性质,并测定了其在S180荷瘤小鼠体内的分布。作者发现尽管所得脱镁叶绿酸a的UV/vis光谱与文献报道一致,但HPLC和~1H-NMR谱表明其至少为两种成分(可能是一对光学异构体)所组成。在S180荷瘤小鼠体内分布的测定结果表明,其在肿瘤中有明显的选择性潴留作用,给药后24h肿瘤与皮肤的药物浓度比高达15。实验证明,脱镁叶绿酸a是一种具有发展前途的新型肿瘤光化学诊治剂。     

纵隔淋巴结显色的实验研究

目的:观察叶绿酸显示液对纵隔淋巴结显色情况,为其进一步在科研和肺癌手术中的应用提供参考。方法:对6只狗(1只作为对照组,5只作为实验组)注射叶绿酸显示液前、后纵隔淋巴结的染色情况进行观察研究。结果:注射叶绿酸显示液后,纵隔各部淋巴结迅速染成墨绿色,与附近的血管、神经对比明显。光镜观察到叶绿酸颗粒位于淋巴结的被膜下窦和小梁周窦;随时间延长,亦进入髓质;透射电镜下皮、髓质内均出现叶绿酸颗粒,但未发现淋巴结细胞超微结构发生改变。结论:叶绿酸显示液能够迅速显色纵隔淋巴结,且无急性毒副作用。     

金属离子作用于脱镁叶绿酸的荧光性质研究

[目的]研究金属离子对脱镁叶绿酸荧光的影响,探讨其作用机理.[方法]采用丙酮提取、乙醚萃取和HCl转溶,从蚕砂中分离制备脱镁叶绿酸.配制不同浓度Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Al3＋、Co2＋、Ni2＋溶液加入脱镁叶绿酸四氢呋喃溶液中,测定其荧光强度变化.[结果]630nm光激发后,脱镁叶绿酸在715nm有荧光发射峰.各金属离子的甲醇溶液均导致脱镁叶绿酸荧光强度的降低,随浓度提高显著下降,但未改变发射波长,其抑制作用顺序为：Cu2＋＞Co2＋＞Ni2＋＞Al3＋＞Zn2＋、Zn2＋的四氢呋喃溶液在0.075mol·L-1以下随浓度增高,对其荧光有增强作用,但高于此浓度则表现为猝灭效应.[结论]其机理可能与金属离子改变脱镁叶绿酸的刚性结构和电子云的重新分布有关.     

叶绿酸对某些致癌物和复合物的抗转化活性研究

叶绿酸对由甲基硝基亚硝基胍、三甲基胆蒽、二甲基苯蒽、苯并a芘、黄曲霉毒素B_1以及煤尘抽提物、含烟和嚼烟提取物诱发的BALB/3T3细胞形态学转化具有抑制作用,但作用强度不同,可能由于化合物的结构、生物学活性和试验浓度等因素不同所致。叶绿酸是一种抗氧化剂,可使氧化基团失活或与一些活性基团反应,其抗转化作用可能与此有关。     

叶绿酸铜钠和钴原卟啉对染铅大鼠体重及脏器系数的影响

目的:通过研究叶绿酸铜钠和钴原卟啉对染铅大鼠体重及脏器系数的影响,为铅中毒的预防和临床药物治疗提供一些参考和线索。方法:30只2月龄Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为4组:①对照组、②染铅组、③铅+钴原卟啉组、④铅+叶绿酸铜钠组。copp采用腹腔注射染毒,每二周一次;PbAc和叶绿酸铜钠分别自由饮水溶液染毒,对照组饮蒸馏水,大鼠均正常饮食分笼饲养。染毒五个月后,将大鼠称重脱颈处死,分离心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺脏后立即称重,并计算脏体比。结果:①各处理组大鼠体重明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。②染铅组各脏器系数与对照组比较均有统计学意义。③copp与叶绿酸铜钠肾脏器系数差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④与染铅组比较,叶绿酸铜钠肺、肝脏器系数,copp肝、肾脏器系数均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:铅可引起肺、肝、肾、心脏器损害;copp抑制铅引起的肝、肾脏器损害,叶绿酸铜钠抑制铅引起的肺、肝脏器损害均有一定修复能力;叶绿酸铜钠对铅引起的肾损害的修复能力强于copp。染铅可以使大鼠的体重明显减轻,copp使染铅大鼠体重增加,可能与copp剂量有一定关系。     

药物铬叶绿酸钠的研制

作者用天然叶绿素和三价铬盐合成出叶绿酸及其钠盐。对铬叶绿酸钠的性质、组成及动物急性毒理试验,亦作了介绍。     

叶绿酸铜钠盐及其乳膏剂的药理效应研究

叶绿酸铜钠盐系以蚕粪为原料,经加工提制而得的叶绿素的衍化物。该盐曾被作成多种制剂用于治疗肝炎、胃十二指肠溃疡、急性胰腺炎、慢性肾炎、血液病及放射病和外用治疗创伤等,均有一定效果。济南东风制药厂以叶绿酸铜钠盐为主药作成乳膏剂(定名“绿宝乳膏”)治疗冻疮,经初步临床观察,其显效及有效率达97.58%。为了对叶绿酸铜钠盐及其乳膏的药理效应和毒性作些必要了解,我们进行了部分试验观察,现将结果报告如下:     

叶绿酸应用研究现状与展望

叶绿酸是天然叶绿素的衍生物,因其具有较为广泛的生物活性和药理作用在临床上有所应用。近年来由于其独特的抗诱变、抗肿瘤活性逐渐成为国内外研究热点。本文以叶绿酸的抗诱变、抗肿瘤作用为重点,综述其在临床多个方面的应用研究进展。     

脱镁叶绿酸化合物的研究

目前为止临床应用的肿瘤光化学诊治剂均系由血液或血红素及血卟啉制得,成品组成比较复杂。1984年国外报道了脱镁叶绿酸α对体外培养人癌细胞的光灭活作用,但未见有关结构分析和理化参数以及肿瘤光生物活性的进一步报道。我们首次从蚕沙糊状叶绿素分离制备得脱镁叶绿酸化合物,并初步测     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.