婴儿色素性神经外胚瘤的临床病理及免疫组化观察

目的 研究婴儿色素性神经外胚瘤的临床病理和免疫组化特点。方法 6例婴儿色素性神经外胚瘤行HE染色组织学观察，并对其中4例行多种抗体的免疫组化观察。结果 6例婴儿色素性神经外胚瘤中，组织学上显示大而淡染并含不等量色素颗粒的上皮样细胞和小而深染的淋巴样细胞。免疫组化显示CK、Vimentin、NSE、SY、HMB45、PCNA、CyclinD1、CyclinD1mRNA和CDK4在上皮样细胞呈阳性表达。NSE、SY和Vimentin在淋巴样细胞呈阳性或弱阳性表达，S-100在两种细胞均不表达。结论 婴儿色素性神经外胚瘤有特征性临床病理表现，它来源于神经嵴，其上皮样细胞为肿瘤的增殖成分。     

婴儿色素性神经外胚叶瘤神经嵴来源的超微结构证据

作者用电子显微镜观察了一例典型的婴儿色素性神经外胚叶瘤。此例患者为3个月的女婴,肿瘤位于左上颌骨前部。电子显微镜下观察到三种细胞。一种为色素细胞,细胞大而呈多角形,胞浆丰富,排例成索状或包统在小细胞团块周围,很象上皮细胞。细胞内含有不同成熟阶段的黑色素颗粒、胞浆微丝、微管和小泡。所有的色素细胞都有大小不等的胞浆突起。此突起与轴突很相似,亦有突触接合、神经微丝、神经管和突触小泡。     

涎腺原发恶性肌上皮瘤19例的病理诊断分析

目的 探讨涎腺多结节形态原发恶性肌上皮瘤的病理特征。方法 光镜观察19例涎腺多结节形态原发恶性肌上皮瘤的组织学、细胞学结构,其中11例做Calponin、平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA)、S-100、神经胶质酸性蛋白(GFAP)、细胞角蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的免疫组化检测,3例做超微结构观察。结果 肿瘤上皮巢呈多结节生长,中央常伴坏死,肿瘤侵袭周围组织,细胞有异形,肿瘤细胞主要为上皮样细胞型,有较多肿瘤性基质形成。肌上皮性标记及部分细胞角蛋白、PCNA标记阳性。电镜下见肿瘤细胞内有肌微丝。结论 免疫组化染色及超微结构观察均支持肿瘤为肌上皮来源及恶性特征。     

口腔及颌骨内颗粒细胞病损的临床病理、免疫组化及超微结构研究

关于颗粒细胞肿瘤及其它病变的性质、来源问题,一直存在争议。本文通过对口腔及颌骨的粘膜颗粒细胞肿瘤,颗粒细胞型造釉细胞瘤,新生儿先天性龈瘤和一些具有颗粒细胞性变的扁平苔藓进行了临床病理、免疫组化和超微结构研究后,在免疫组化方面提示:除新生儿的龈瘤为间叶源性外,上述其它病损则起源于雪旺氏细胞或原始的间叶细胞。由于牙源性上皮和雪旺氏细胞都起源于神经嵴,所以作者推测所有的颗粒细胞是从神     

婴儿色素性神经外胚层瘤的临床病理观察

目的：结合文献探讨婴儿色素性神经外胚瘤的临床病理特征。方法：对患儿左上颌骨肿物组织标本进行HE染色,并采用免疫组化S—P法检测肿瘤细胞的CK、S-100、Syn、NF、GFAP、HMB45、Ki67的表达情况。结果：肿瘤含两种主要成份：立方形上皮样细胞和神经母细胞。上皮样细胞呈腺管、腺泡样或条索状、片状,胞浆内含（中枢神经）黑色素颗粒。神经母细胞呈巢状,细胞间有多少不等神经微丝。免疫组化显示：神经母细胞Syn（＋）,S-1130（＋）,GFAP（＋）,NF（＋）,上皮样细胞CK（＋）,Ki67（＋）阳性细胞约占5％～10％,HMB45（-）。结论：婴儿色素性神经外胚层瘤是非常罕见的肿瘤,是属于PNET类肿瘤的一种,具有神经内分泌的表现,属于良性肿瘤,但具有局部侵袭性。     

磁导向甲氨蝶呤缓释药物对口底癌HSC—2细胞生长和起微结？…

目的：探讨磁导向甲氨蝶呤缓释药物（ＦＭ－ＭＴＸ）对人口阍癌ＨＳＣ－２细胞生长及细胞超微结构的影响。方法：对照组为不加工药物处理组，实验组加入剂量为１００μｇ／Ｌ的ＦＭ－ＭＴＸ药物处理，采用ＭＴＴ法观察ＨＳＣ－２细胞的生长曲线，并分别于不同时间（１，４，２４，４８，７２ｈ）收获细胞，透射电镜观察至细胞的超微结构变化。结果：ＦＭ－ＭＴＸ药物处理后，口底癌ＨＳＣ－２细胞生长明显受到抑制；透射电镜到药物作     

涎腺恶性多形性腺瘤的免疫组化和超微结构研究

本文采用透射电镜观察７例涎腺恶性多形性腺瘤（ＭＰＡ）的超微结构特征并对１９例各型ＭＰＡ进行了免疫组化染色，着重讨论免疫组化在多形性腺瘤良恶性鉴别中的应用，结合免疫组化和超微结构特征探讨了肿瘤性变异肌上皮细胞在ＭＰＡ发展变化中的作用     

腺样囊性癌嗜神经侵犯超微结构观察

目的：研究腺样囊性癌嗜神经侵犯超微结构特点。方法：对4例正常神经、6例癌变组织未侵犯及侵犯到的神经样本进行光镜和电镜超微结构观察、分析。结果：10例神经超微结构表现不一,与正常神经相比,2例癌变组织邻近神经虽肉眼观正常,但已出现一定的神经变性病理学变化;2例增粗变性神经,虽未发现肿瘤细胞,但已失去神经正常结构,出现网状变性;2例已受侵犯神经发现肿瘤细胞沿神经周侵犯的特点,电镜显示肿瘤的神经周侵袭表现为肿瘤细胞占据神经束膜内间隙,两侧结缔组织及基底膜细胞保持连续完整。结论：腺样囊性癌的神经侵犯是一个循序渐进的过程,了解该肿瘤嗜神经侵犯的超微结构特点,对其生物学特性的了解有一定的帮助。     

小鼠胚胎腭突间充质细胞体外培养及生物学特性研究

目的 研究小鼠胚胎腭突间充质（EPM）细胞的生物学特性。方法 在显微镜下解剖妊娠第13天的母鼠胚胎腭突，用0.25%胰蛋白酶进行消化获得游离分散的EPM细胞，在含10％胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中进行培养。采用免疫组化方法进行细胞鉴定，通过相差显微镜，生长曲线及透射显微镜观察细胞形态，增殖能力及超微结构。结果 EPM细胞为成纤维细胞样细胞，排列无序，细胞核大，核分裂象多，核膜内陷，核呈分叶状，胞浆含大量线粒体及粗面内质网。免疫组化显示角蛋白标记为阴性，S－100蛋白及波形蛋白标记为阳性。EPM细胞呈指数生长，有较强的增殖能力。结论 EPM细胞体外培养生长及增殖良好，可作为腭裂基础研究较理想的研究对象。     

腺样囊性癌细胞系中肿瘤干细胞的生物学特性初探

目的：对腺样囊性癌细胞系ACC-2中不同表型的肿瘤细胞生物学特性进行分析和研究,为肿瘤干细胞学说提供实验依据。方法：采用单细胞体外培养法,了解腺样囊性癌细胞(ACC-2)的分裂、增殖特点；采用免疫组化方法,检测ACC-2细胞表面CD44和CD24表达的差异性；应用免疫磁珠技术,分离不同表型的ACC-2细胞后,以裸鼠成瘤试验了解不同表型ACC-2细胞的成瘤能力。采用SPSS10．0统计软件包对所得数据进行X~2检验。结果：体外单细胞培养的ACC-2,仅有4．5%可持续分裂、增殖。CD44-和CD44 /CD24 细胞在体外培养条件下均无长期存活能力。不同表型的ACC-2动物成瘤试验结果显示,CD44 /CD24-亚群的ACC-2细胞最低成瘤接种细胞数显著低于常规ACC-2细胞,CD44-和CD44 /CD24 细胞则均无成瘤能力。免疫组化染色证实,CD44 /CD24-肿瘤细胞具有分化为其他表型肿瘤细胞的能力。结论：细胞表面抗原为CD44 CD24-的肿瘤细胞仅占ACC-2肿瘤细胞的极少部分,这些细胞具有极强的增殖能力和分化为其他表型肿瘤细胞的能力。ACC-2肿瘤细胞的增殖和成瘤能力源于CD44 / CD24-细胞亚群。未分离的ACC-2细胞与CD44 /CD24-ACC-2细胞在与细胞分化、凋亡、黏连、信号传导等有关的基因上存在差异。提示ACC-2中存在肿瘤干细胞,而CD44 /CD24-是ACC-2肿瘤干细胞必须兼备的表面标志。     

Ultrastructure of glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the palate

Abstract. Tissues from four local recurrences of a palatal tumor and regional lymph node metastases were studied by light microscopy while ultrastructural observations were made on the most recent tumor. The tumor was composed of solid sheets, clumps, and small nests of polyhedral epithelial cells with well-defined cell boundaries, clear cytoplasm, and cellular pleomorphism. Histochemical stains indicated the presence of abundant intracellular glycogen deposits in all tumor specimens examined. Ultrastructural observations revealed solid sheets of epithelial cells which lacked both surrounding basement lamina and ductal arrangements. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was filled with P glycogen deposits and contained scattered bundles of tonofilaments and scant organelles. The transition between the glycogen-rich tumor cells and surface epithelium showed intervening cells which contained diffusely dispersed ribosomes and small amounts of glycogen. The tumor probably originated from surface epithelium.     

Mitosis and hypertrophy of intercalated duct cells and endothelial cells in the isoproterenol-treated rat parotid gland

Chronic treatment of rats with isoproterenol (IPR) induces mitosis and differentiation of intercalated duct cells, and mitosis and hypertrophy of endothelial cells of the microvasculature in the parotid gland. Mitoses occurred in duct cells situated at or near the acinar-intercalated duct junction, and were most numerous after six IPR injections. These cells increased in size, contained numerous electron-lucent granules, and were incorporated into the hypertrophic acini. The granules contained branching filamentous or finely reticulated material, and did not react with histochemical stains for carbohydrate. Capillary and venule endothelial cell mitoses were frequently seen after four to six IPR injections. The endothelial cells increased in thickness, contained abundant cytoplasmic organelles, lacked fenestrations, and had few pinocytotic vesicles. These results demonstrate the extensive nature of the response to chronic IPR treatment, and are consistent with the concept that the intercalated ducts have an important role in salivary gland physiology.     

Lipofuscin in salivary glands in health and disease.

Lipofuscin granules were observed in normal salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and minor salivary glands). The pigment was confined mainly to the epithelial cells of the intralobular ducts, but isolated granules were also found in acinar cells and myoepithelial cells. In chronic sialadenitis pigment granules were found in the intralobular epithelial cells and in macrophages in the surrounding ionnective tissue. In benign epithelial tumors pigment granules were observed within neoplastic epithelial cells and in macrophages in the stroma, while malignant tumors displayed pigmented granules only in macrophages in the stroma.     

Ultrastructural observation on Langerhans cells in the rat gingival epithelium

The present study was carried out to investigate ultrastructurally Langerhans cells in the rat gingival epithelium. The gingivae of lower incisors of 15 Wistar rats were examined by electron microscopy. The results were as follows: Langerhans cells were observed mainly in the lower prickle-cell layer of the gingival epithelium. On rare occasions Langerhans cells were also found in the basal and granular layers. The average number of Langerhans cells per 100 cells in the prickle-cell layer was 1.0 cell. Usually Langerhans cells had clear cytoplasms and convoluted or indented nuclei, although sometimes the cells exhibited round nuclei. The clear cytoplasm contained a moderately developed Golgi apparatus and a small number of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, mitochondria, and lysosomes, but it lacked tonofilaments. Birbeck granules were often found in close vicinity of the Golgi apparatus. The average number of Birbeck granules per one Langerhans cell was 4.3 granules. The cell membrane of Langerhans cells had no junctional complexes like desmosomes. The degeneration of keratinocytes adjacent to Langerhans cells was observed in a few specimens.     

Ultrastructure of basal cell adenoma in the parotid gland

Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland was studied with electron microscopy. The cells constituting this tumor were divided into three types of epithelial cells; ductal, myoepithelial, and squamous cells. The ductal cells, which were polygonal and cuboidal in shape, formed a sometimes distinct lumen. Glycogen were recognized in the cytoplasm of these cells. The myoepithelial cells appeared as plasmacytoid cells which contained abundant microfilaments. The squamous cells were characterized by the presence of well-developed tonofilaments and desmosomes. However, no secretory cells could be found, although small, electron dense granules were detected in the cytoplasm of the ductal cells. The granules were unlike secretory granules in their size, number and location. In consideration of the presence of secretory and myoepithelial cells, we reviewed previously reported literature and discussed the identification of secretory granules. From our and other reported results, we tentatively concluded that the electron dense granules described as secretory granules are not intrinsic secretory granules. Further, we suggested that the cell types and the histogenesis of basal cell adenoma are analogous to those of both pleomorphic and clear cell adenomas.     

Clear cell odontogenic tumor: histochemical and ultrastructural features

Clear cell odontogenic tumor, a rare epithelial jaw lesion of putative odontogenic origin, histologically resembles clear cell adenocarcinomas. Ultrastructural and histochemical features are described and support a non-glandular derivation. The intraosseous neoplasm is characterized by ovoid nests of clear or finely stippled cells with a mature collagenous stroma. These cells are PAS-positive, diastase labile and fail to bind alcian blue. Enzyme histochemical reactions disclose dehydrogenase, non-specific esterase, and acid phosphatase positivity. Fine structural characteristics include plasma membrane microvilli, desmosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, glycogen rosettes and lysosomes. Many cells exhibit a paucity of cytoplasmic organelles with prominent vacuolization. Centrioles and annulate lamellae are also encountered. Summarily, clinical, radiographic, histochemical and ultrastructural features indicate that this neoplasm is probably of epithelial odontogenic origin with cytodifferentiation emulating glycogen-rich presecretory ameloblasts.     

Ultrastructure of oral squamous-cell carcinoma.

Fresh surgical specimens of sixteen cases of oral squamous-cell carcinoma were processed for electron microscopic study. All cases were histologically graded as moderately differentiated carcinoma. As compared to normal oral stratified squamous epithelium, some unusual ultrastructural features were present in carcinoma. These features were spherical or ovoid nuclear bodies composed of concentrically arranged filaments and granules, clustered ribosomes, many lysosomal bodies, cell residues in other cells, absence and multilayering of basal lamina, pseudopodal cytoplasmic projections, microfilaments in peripheral cytoplasm, clusters of swirled tonofilaments, intracytoplasmic desmosomes, and a small amount of glycogen. These features are interpreted as being related to hyperactivity, phagocytosis, locomotion, and differentiation of cancer cells.     

Clear cell odontogenic tumor: histochemical and ultrastructural features

Clear cell odontogenic tumor, a rare epithelial jaw lesion of putative odontogenic origin, histologically resembles clear cell adenocarcinomas. Ultrastructural and histochemical features are described and support a non-glandular derivation. The intraosseous neoplasm is characterized by ovoid nests of clear or finely stippled cells with a mature collagenous stroma. These cells arc PAS-positive. diastase labile and fail to bind alcian blue. Enzyme histochemical reactions disclose dehydrogenase. non-specific csterase. and acid phosphatase positively. Fine structural characteristics include plasma membrane microvilli, desmosomes. endoplasmic reticulum. free ribosomes. glycogen rosettes and lysosomes. Many cells exhibit a paucity of cytoplasmic organelles with prominent vacuolization. Centrioles and annulate lamellae are also encountered. Summarily, clinical, radiographic. histochemical and ultra-structural features indicate that this neoplasm is probably of epithelial odontogenic origin with cytodifferentiation emulating glycogen-rich presecretory ameloblasts.