截骨矫形联合软组织手术治疗高弓内翻足伴跖内收的短期疗效

目的 探讨跖骨截骨联合跟骨截骨以及软组织手术治疗高弓内翻足伴跖内收的短期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年2月至2021年9月我院采用跖骨截骨联合跟骨截骨以及软组织手术治疗的14例（16足）高弓内翻足伴跖内收病人的临床资料。男6例（6足）,女8例（10足）;单左足5例,单右足7例,双足2例;平均年龄为24.5岁（18~35岁）,病程3~10年。病人术前均有足部的高弓内翻畸形伴疼痛,保守治疗无效。根据术前负重位X线片测量跖内收角（MAA）评估前足内收程度,中度10足,重度6足。评估术前及末次随访时的MAA、距骨第1跖骨角、跟骨倾斜角、后足力线位跟骨外翻角和美国足踝外科医师协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分系统评分。结果 术后病人伤口均一期愈合。1例（1足）术后4个月穿正常鞋下地行走时出现转移性跖痛,配矫形鞋垫后症状消失。14例（16足）病人均获得了随访,随访时间为18~24个月,平均21.4个月。末次随访时,MAA为8.53°±0.69°,距骨第1跖骨角为3.58°±0.52°,跟骨倾斜角为24.75°±2.77°,跟骨外翻角为2.67°±1.78°,AOFAS评分为（90.08±5.62）分,均明显优于术前［25.89°±3.62°,8.67°±1.97°,38.17°±7.83°,-29.08°±8.51°,（45.08±9.09）分］,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 跖骨截骨联合跟骨截骨以及软组织手术治疗高弓内翻足伴跖内收的短期疗效显著。     

单纯第一跖骨及联合第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨治疗(足,母)外翻

目的回顾分析单纯第一跖骨及联合第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨治疗!外翻的疗效。方法1994年1月至2003年12月,采用单纯第一跖骨及联合第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨治疗!外翻,其中35例56足资料完整并获得随访。行第一跖骨基底截骨术26例43足,行第一跖骨及联合第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨术9例13足,患者第二和(或)第三跖骨头下存在疼痛性胼胝体。患足均于手术前、后摄负重正侧位X线片。结果行第一跖骨基底截骨术患者术前!外翻角为30.1°±4.9°,第一跖楔关节角为12.2°±5.0°;术后!外翻角为14.7°±2.7°,第一跖楔关节角为6.9°±1.5°。术前AOFAS评分为(47.6±5.8)分,术后为(84.3±5.7)分。行第一跖骨联合第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨术患者术前!外翻角为35.0°±5.8°,第一跖楔关节角为16.7°±1.8°;术后!外翻角为16.7°±2.4°,第一跖楔关节角为7.8°±1.4°。术前AOFAS评分为(44.7±5.7)分,术后为(85.7±4.5)分。在手术前、后X线片上测量相关解剖角度,并进行比较。!外翻角、第一跖楔关节角、第一、二跖骨间角、第一、五跖骨间角、近端关节固定角术后与术前相比,差异有统计学意义,远端关节固定角手术前、后未见明显变化。AOFAS评分手术前、后比较,差异有统计学意义。结论对于第一跖楔关节角增大的!外翻患者,应用第一跖骨基底截骨术矫正第一跖骨内收畸形可以获得优良的术后效果;而对于伴有前足疼痛性跖侧胼胝体者,建议联合行第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨术,以恢复正常的跖骨头平面足横弓。     

Distal Metatarsal Minimally Invasive Osteotomy (DMMO): Surgical technique,variants, indications,and treatment decision-tree

BackgroundMetatarsal osteotomy is a major means of treating mechanical metatarsalgia. Open techniques are widely used, and notably that described by Weil. They have, however, certain drawbacks, and new types of osteotomy have been developed. Percutaneous techniques are presently very much in favor, and Distal Metatarsal Minimally Invasive Osteotomy (DMMO) has emerged as a treatment for metatarsalgia. Although very widely used, it is poorly codified in the literature.MethodThe present study detailed DMMO techniques and their variants (oblique and reverse), with corresponding indications and treatment decision-tree.ResultsInitial findings seem encouraging, with functional results comparable to those of open surgery. Postoperative edema and radiologic bone healing time seem to be longer in DMMO. There is, on the other hand, no difference regarding stiffness.ConclusionDMMO is an effective option to treat metatarsalgia, with variants enabling adaptation to foot morphology, but needing confirmation by studies with higher levels of evidence.     

MIS Distal Metatarsal Metaphyseal Osteotomy in the treatment of metatarsalgia: MOXFQ patient reported outcomes

IntroductionThe aim of this paper is to present validated patient reported outcomes for MIS Distal Metatarsal Metaphyseal Osteotomy (DMMO) in the treatment of metatarsalgia. The study aims to evaluate the DMMO procedure, report patient satisfaction with the operated foot and report any complications of this procedure.Patients and methodsBetween 2014 and 2016, patients who had failed conservative treatment for metatarsalgia were identified in the orthopaedic outpatient clinic. Twenty four consecutive patients requiring DMMO plus/minus toe straightening were prospectively studied. Patients requiring additional procedures at the time of surgery were excluded. Patients completed the validated Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) three weeks pre-operatively and 1 year postoperatively. The MOXFQ results were analysed using Paired t-tests. A supplementary question was asked regarding patient satisfaction with the operated foot.ResultsThere were 20 women and 4 men with a mean age of 64 years (sd 8.6). Statistically significant differences were found between the pre and postoperative MOXFQ. The postoperative MOXFQ score demonstrated a poorer result for two patients, no change for two patients and improvement in 20 patients, with four of these patients recording the lowest possible score. There was a 29.5 point improvement in mean metric MOXFQ Index score. Seventy-nine percent (n = 19) of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the operated foot. The average recoil of the metatarsal heads following DMMO was M2 4.01 mm, M3 4.55 mm, M4 4.16 mm. There was one delayed union and no non-unions. Further reported complications were a gastric bleed, pulmonary embolism (VTE), and one intra operative broken burr.ConclusionOur study demonstrates a clinically important and statistically significant improvement in patient reported outcomes following DMMO, with 79% of patients satisfied or very satisfied with this procedure. The average recoil of the metatarsal heads following DMMO was M2 4.01 mm, M3 4.55 mm, M4 4.16 mm with one delayed union and no non-unions.     

测量第一,二跖骨长度的临床意义

本文测量了１０４个正常足和１５个外翻足正位Ｘ线片的第一、二跖骨长度。正常第一跖骨长度，男性平均５９．４ｍｍ，女性平均５５ｍｍ。第二跖骨长度，男性平均６０．８ｍｍ，女性平均６３．６ｍｍ。第二跖骨与第一跖骨长度差，男性平均９．１ｍｍ，女性平均８．４ｍｍ。差值在５ｍｍ以下者，男性为２１％，女性为２％。外翻足第一跖骨长度，男性平均５７．５ｍｍ，女性平均５４．８ｍｍ。第二跖骨长度，男性平均６６．５ｍｍ，女性平均６１．７ｍｍ。第二跖骨与第一跖骨长度差在５ｍｍ以下者占３３％。无论是正常足还是外翻足，无一例第一跖骨长于第二跖骨。本文提示：纠正外翻时，尽量不要使第一跖骨短缩，对第二与第一跖骨长度差值大于５ｍｍ以上者，尽量避免在第一跖骨干截骨。同时提出，在第一跖楔关节处截骨，可减少并发症发生。     

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of human metatarsals: Precision,least significant change and association to ex vivo fracture force

BackgroundFractures are common in foot bones, but clinicians lack adequate indices of bone strength.ObjectivesWe used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) of excised human metatarsals, determined intra- and inter-rater measurement precision, and assessed associations between BMD/BMC and ex vivo bone fracture strength.MethodsTwo raters each made two measurements of whole-bone and sub-regional BMD and BMC in both second and third metatarsals from 10 cadavers. Variance components analysis was used to assess variability attributable to repeat measurements, raters, sub-regions, bones, sides, and cadavers. Root-mean-square standard deviation (RMS-SD) and least-significant change (LSC) were used to assess rater precision and ultimate forces during 3-point bending were tested for correlations with BMD and BMC.ResultsVariation due to repeat measurements and rater was low (<1% combined) for BMD and BMC. RMS-SD for whole metatarsal BMD of both metatarsals ranged from 0.004 to 0.010 g/cm² and 0.062 to 0.086 g for BMC. Whole metatarsal and sub-region BMD and BMC were strongly correlated to ex vivo fracture force (r² = 0.67–0.93).ConclusionsDXA measurements of BMD and BMC have high intra- and inter-rater precision and are strongly correlated to ex vivo bone strength.     

收肌与囊筋膜瓣吻合治疗外翻

２２只外翻患足接受了囊筋膜瓣中１／３经第一跖骨头横孔与收肌吻合的矫形手术，经６个月～４年的随诊，效果满意，优良率９０．９％，前足缩窄最大者达１０ｍｍ。６只足在术后３～５个月，开始穿高跟鞋，经２～３年随访无复发，但本术式不适用于外翻合并第一跖骨头关节面有倾斜者     

Komplikationen nach offenen Metatarsalosteotomien des 2. bis 5. Strahles

Metatarsal osteotomies are used in the treatment of problems of the metatarsal bones II-V of the foot.These are mostly complaints due to irregular pressure distribution under the metatarsal heads, summarized as metatarsalgia.Overload under single or several metatarsal heads during the stance or push-off phase of the gait cycle lead to pain and callus formation.If the pain does not resolve with conservative treatment, metatarsal osteotomies can be indicated after thorough analysis of the anatomy.This article describes the different techniques of open metatarsal osteotomies, their specific complications and options to avoid them.     

Iatrogenic second transfer metatarsalgia and the first metatarsal shortening and elevation after Scarf osteotomy

BackgroundTransfer metatarsalgia is a potential complication of hallux valgus surgery. This study aimed to investigate the shortened first metatarsal length and elevation and to compare groups with and without second transfer metatarsalgia after Scarf osteotomy.MethodsThe first metatarsal length of 123 feet was measured via the Maestro’s method using the metatarsal axial length and the relative second metatarsal protrusion to the first metatarsal. Metatarsal elevation was measured using the first metatarsal angle.ResultsSecond transfer metatarsalgia occurred after Scarf osteotomy in 11 (8.9%) feet. When baseline characteristics were considered in propensity score matching, the 11 feet were compared with the 33 feet in the control group. The group with transfer metatarsalgia showed a more shortened first metatarsal axial length (?4.1 ± 1.8 mm vs. ?2.5 ± 2.2 mm, p = 0.032), a significantly longer relative second metatarsal protrusion (+5.8 ± 2.6 mm vs. +1.2 ± 2.6 mm, p < 0.001), and a significantly lower first metatarsal angle (18.1 ± 4.3° vs. 21.5 ± 4.0°, p = 0.012) than the control group postoperatively.ConclusionsTo avoid iatrogenic transfer metatarsalgia, first metatarsal length shortening should be minimized to at least less than 4.0 mm. Furthermore, the metatarsal parabola should be retained.