杨梅素微乳的制备及质量评价

目的制备杨梅素微乳,并评价其质量。方法选择适宜的油相、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂,利用伪三元相图筛选微乳处方,研制出适合经口给药的微乳制剂;采用HPLC法测定杨梅素的含量,并对微乳的类型、载药量、体外释放等进行考察。结果优选处方为聚山梨酯80-聚山梨酯20-乙醇-油酸-pH 6.5磷酸缓冲液的质量比20∶10∶15∶5∶50,杨梅素质量分数为2%。所制微乳外观透明,平均粒径为(56.3±8.7)nm,zeta电位为-2.73 mV,电导率为13.27 mS.m-1。载药微乳在不同pH值环境下对药物有良好的释放效果。结论通过优化处方制备的杨梅素微乳具有较稳定的理化性质,HPLC法可以有效、准确的测定杨梅素微乳的含量,并且微乳载药系统有良好的释药效果。     

环磷酰胺微乳制剂的研制

目的 :研究环磷酰胺微乳的制备、稳定性及微乳中药物含量的测定方法。方法 :选用油酸正丁酯和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯作为油相 ,聚山梨醇酯作为表面活性剂 ,正丁醇和正戊醇作为助表面活性剂 ,在制备三元相图的基础上 ,考察微乳的组分对微乳形成的影响 ;用HPLC法测定微乳中环磷酰胺的含量。结果 :以聚山梨醇酯为乳化剂形成的微乳系统所需表面活性剂的量为 13.6 2 %～ 40 .5 2 % ;用HPLC法测定两种破乳剂对环磷酰胺微乳破乳后 ,环磷酰胺的含量分别为 (10 .6± 1.1)mg·L-1和(10 .4± 1.1)mg·L-1,两结果差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :采用微乳作为药物载体制备口服环磷酰胺微乳 ,为开发环磷酰胺新型口服制剂提供了依据。     

萘普生口服微乳的制备及质量评价

目的：研制萘普生口服微乳制剂,并对其质量进行评价。方法考察萘普生在不同油相、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂中的溶解度,并通过滴定法绘制伪三元相图,根据相图优选处方,并初步考察微乳制剂的稳定性、形态粒径和理化性质。结果适宜的油相、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂分别为中链甘油三酯（ MCT）、聚山梨酸酯80（吐温80）和PEG400,三者之间的最适比例是1∶4.5∶1.5。结论该普生口服微乳制备简单,性质稳定,可显著增加萘普生的溶解度,为开发萘普生口服微乳提供了依据。     

鸦胆子油微乳的制备及稳定性研究

目的研究鸦胆子油微乳的制备、稳定性及微乳中药物含量的测定方法。方法选用MCT(辛葵酸甘油三脂)为油相,大豆卵磷脂为表面活性剂,乙醇为助表面活性剂,在制备三元相图的基础上,考察微乳的组分对微乳形成的影响。结果大豆卵磷脂为乳化剂形成微乳系统所需表面活性剂的量为20%～30%。结论采用微乳作为药物载体制备口服鸦胆子油微乳是一种很好的药物传递系统。     

黄芩素自微乳的制备及大鼠体内生物利用度研究

目的:制备黄芩素自微乳化制剂(SMEDDS),考察其大鼠体内生物利用度。方法:采用伪三元相图法筛选自微乳的油相、表面活性剂及助表面活性剂;采用HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中药物浓度,与原料比较,对黄芩素自微乳进行大鼠体内生物利用度评价。结果:通过使用混合油相、混合表面活性剂及助表面活性剂,可获得较为理想的黄芩素自微乳。大鼠体内血药浓度-时间曲线结果表明,黄芩素自微乳的AUC是原料的3.77倍,且药时曲线的形状发生一定的改变。结论:自微乳系统可显著增加黄芩素的溶解度,有利于提高口服生物利用度,且自微乳可能改变其胃肠道吸收行为。     

更昔洛韦自乳化释药系统处方筛选

目的:研究更昔洛韦自乳化释药系统,探究其最佳的处方配比。方法:通过溶解度实验对油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂进行选择,找到最佳组份;通过三元相图实验,成功地将更昔洛韦包埋于乳液中,得到相应的自乳化区域,并结合乳液粒径的测定寻找出最佳的处方配比。结果:优选的更昔洛韦自乳化释药系统处方中的油相为橄榄油,表面活性剂为聚山梨酯-80,助表面活性剂为聚乙二醇-400。最终确立更昔洛韦自乳化释药系统最优配方为橄榄油-聚山梨酯80-聚乙二醇400(5∶3∶2)。结论:初步成功地制备了更昔洛韦自乳化释药系统制剂。     

大蒜素自微乳的制备与质量评价

目的:制备大蒜素(DATS)自微乳制剂,并评价其质量.方法:采用伪三元相图法,以聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油RH-40为表面活性剂,无水乙醇为助表面活性剂,油酸为油相,绘制该系统的相图,在此基础上制备DATS自微乳;建立HPLC法测定DATS自微乳中DATS的含量;对自微乳的外观性状、相对密度、黏度、pH值、电导率、形态、粒径及粒度分布、Zeta电位、含量、配伍和稳定性等进行研究.结果:DATS自微乳为无色澄明液体,稳定性良好,相对密度为0.840 g·mL-1,黏度为5.447 mPa·s,遇水形成O/W型微乳,稀释250倍后电镜下观察成圆球形,平均粒径26.4 nm,Zeta电位0.398 mV,pH值5.62,电导率为8.37μs·cm-1,3批制剂的含量分别为31.77,31.45,32.15 mg·mL-1.DATS自微乳与葡萄糖注射液、氯化钠注射液等配伍稳定.结论:DATS自微乳制备工艺简单,性质稳定,质量易控.     

利多卡因微乳凝胶剂的制备及初步药效学研究

目的制备利多卡因微乳凝胶剂,并对其药效学及皮肤刺激性进行初步研究。方法以油酸乙酯为油相,聚山梨酯-80为表面活性剂,无水乙醇为助表面活性剂,用水滴定的方法制备利多卡因微乳。以卡波姆940为凝胶骨架,采用直接溶胀法制备利多卡因微乳凝胶。采用Zetasizer Nano-ZS90马尔文激光粒度仪测定微乳的粒径。采用日立H-7650透射电子显微镜观察微乳的形态。采用热板法观察该药对小鼠的镇痛作用。采用连续给药的方法,考察该药对家兔正常皮肤与破损皮肤的刺激性。结果利多卡因微乳凝胶外观为白色透明凝胶态,微乳呈圆球形,微乳粒径<100 nm。利多卡因微乳凝胶剂能延长热板致痛的潜伏期,对家兔皮肤无刺激性。结论利多卡因微乳凝胶剂具有较好的局麻镇痛作用和安全性。     

灯盏花素口服微乳的制备

目的制备灯盏花素口服微乳并建立其包裹率测定方法。方法采用单因素法及伪三元相图法优选处方,葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法分离含药微乳与游离药物,以纯化水为洗脱液,高效液相色谱法测定药物含量。结果优选的油相、表面活性剂及助表面活性剂分别为油酸乙酯、聚山梨酯80及聚乙二醇400。柱层析分离方法药物回收率100.37%,加样回收率97.9%,药物含量测定方法回收率99.94%,线性范围12～360 μg&#8226; mL－1。样品包封率（93.2±1.0）%。结论所建立的方法可用于制备灯盏花素口服微乳并测定其包裹率。     

水包油型微乳形成因素的考察

目的考察影响O/W型微乳形成的主要因素。方法选用丁酸乙酯、油酸乙酯和豆油作为油相 ,Tween 80、Tween 2 0和Labrasol作为表面活性剂 ,乙醇、1,2 -丙二醇和正丁醇为助表面活性剂 ,通过滴加法绘制假三元相图 ,以O/W型微乳区大小为指标考察各因素对微乳形成的影响。结果油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比、离子强度、添加剂和温度对微乳的形成均有一定影响。结论O/W型微乳能够作为药用载体。     

天然维生素E微乳给药系统的研制

研究天然维生素E微乳的制备并对其质量进行评价。考察天然维生素E在不同油相中的溶解情况,再采用逐滴加水法绘制伪三元相图,研究不同乳化剂、助乳化剂和Km值形成微乳的区域和能力,用origin 8.0软件绘制不同处方组成的相图,在此工作基础上制备天然维生素E水包油微乳。以Labrafac Lipophile WL 1349（MCT）/Cremophor EL-35/甘油/水形成了均匀稳定的微乳系统;用不同的介质稀释后,天然维生素E微乳粒径无明显变化;初步稳定性实验表明,室温储存3个月,药物含量和粒径均没有显著变化,稳定性良好。天然维生素E微乳易于制备,质量稳定,为开发新型天然维生素E制剂提供了依据。     

氢溴酸东莨菪碱微乳的制备及其体外透皮吸收研究

目的：探讨微乳组分对其理化性质及其体外透皮吸收性质的影响。方法：以聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油（CremophorRH-40）-乙醇-油酸聚乙二醇甘油酯（Labrafil M1944CS）-水作为微乳的组成成分,制备水包油型微乳。考察各微乳粒径、黏度值,同时考察微乳水相含量、油相含量、乳化剂含量和Km值对其透皮吸收性质的影响。结果：氢溴酸东莨菪碱微乳粒径、黏度值及透皮吸收率受多种因素的影响,包括Km值、水相含量、油相含量等结论：具有最大透皮渗透量及适宜粒径、黏度值的微乳体系处方为：乳化剂（CremophorRH-40＋无水乙醇,Km=2：1）30％,油相Labrafil10％,三蒸水58．5％,氢溴酸东莨菪碱1．5％。     

Formulation and stability of silkworm pupae oil microemulsion

Because of the instability, perishable odor and peculiar smell, a microemulsion system was designed to safely and effectively supply α-linolenic acid from silkworm pupae oil. Microemulsion-loaded silkworm pupae oil was prepared from isoamyl acetate, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether 35 (EL-35), ethanol and water. The optimal microemulsion formulation was a 4% composite oil phase (silkworm pupae oil: isoamyl acetate, 1:2), 16% composite surfactant (EL-35: ethanol, 2:1) and 80% water, with uniformly dispersed spherical particles with diameters of 16.25 nm. The color of the microemulsion was transparent and had no peculiar smell. The investigation results of environmental stress show that the transmittance is 86%–99%, and there is no significant difference from the control group (p > 0.05). Compared with silkworm pupae oil, the total antioxidant capacity of the microemulsion was increased by 7.70 times. Microemulsion-loaded silkworm pupae oil exhibited good physical and antioxidation stability. This work provides a feasible new scheme for ensuring the nutritional and health functions of silkworm pupae oil and supplying α-linolenic acid safely and effectively.     

Investigation of microemulsion microstructures and their relationship to transdermal permeation of model drugs: ketoprofen, lidocaine, and caffeine

In this study, microemulsion microstructures, key formulation variables, and their relationship to drug transdermal permeation enhancement were investigated. A microemulsion system with high water soluble capacity was developed, using isopropyl myristate, Labrasol, and Cremophor EL as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. The microstructures of the microemulsions were characterized by a combination of techniques including electrical conductivity measurement (EC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electro-analytical cyclic voltammetry (CV), dynamic light scattering (DLS). Three microemulsion formulations with the model drugs at water contents of 20%, 40%, and 70% representing the microstructures of W/O, Bi-continuous, and O/W were prepared along the water dilution line of oil to surfactant ratio of 1/9. Skin permeation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic model drugs, ketoprofen, lidocaine, and caffeine in the microemulsion formulations was studied using Franz-cells and dermatomed porcine skin. Permeation of all drugs from microemulsions was enhanced significantly compared with the control propylene glycol formulation. The drug permeation flux and the cumulative permeation amount after 24 h increased with water content in the microemulsions, thus correlated to the formulation microstructures of W/O, Bi-continuous, and O/W. The permeation of lipophilic drugs ketoprofen and lidocaine increased with water content in a more pronounced manner, which seemed to follow an exponential growth trend, while the permeation of hydrophilic drug caffeine appeared to increase linearly. Additionally, at the same water content, increasing oil content led to higher ketoprofen permeation.     

Preparation and evaluation of ibuprofen-loaded microemulsion for improvement of oral bioavailability

The purpose of the current study was to improve the solubility of ibuprofen, a poorly water-soluble drug, in a microemulsion system that is suitable for oral administration. Microemulsion was prepared using different sorts of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the microemulsion domain. The formulations were characterized by solubility of the drug in the vehicle, droplet size, and drug release. The optimal formulation consists of 17% Labrafil M 1944CS, 28% Cremophor RH40/Transcutol P (3:1, w/w), and 55% water, with a maximum solubility of ibuprofen up to 60.3?mg/ml. The mean droplet size of microemulsion was 57?nm. The pharmacokinetic study of microemulsion was performed in rats and compared with granule formulation. The microemulsion has significantly increased the C(max) and area under the curve (AUC) compared to that of the granule (p?相似文献   

Preparation and evaluation of ibuprofen-loaded microemulsion for improvement of oral bioavailability

The purpose of the current study was to improve the solubility of ibuprofen, a poorly water-soluble drug, in a microemulsion system that is suitable for oral administration. Microemulsion was prepared using different sorts of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the microemulsion domain. The formulations were characterized by solubility of the drug in the vehicle, droplet size, and drug release. The optimal formulation consists of 17% Labrafil M 1944CS, 28% Cremophor RH40/Transcutol P (3:1, w/w), and 55% water, with a maximum solubility of ibuprofen up to 60.3?mg/ml. The mean droplet size of microemulsion was 57?nm. The pharmacokinetic study of microemulsion was performed in rats and compared with granule formulation. The microemulsion has significantly increased the C_max and area under the curve (AUC) compared to that of the granule (p?<?0.05). The relative bioavailability of ibuprofen in microemulsions was 1.9-fold higher than that of the granule. These results indicated that this novel microemulsion is a useful formulation for enhancing the oral bioavailability of ibuprofen.     

单纯形网格法优化灯盏花素微乳处方及其理化性质考察

目的:优化灯盏花素微乳处方,并对其理化性质进行考察。方法:绘制伪三元相图,确定各相的比例,以载药量、粒径及粒径分布为评价指标,采用单纯形网格法优化微乳处方,并考察优化微乳的黏度、pH、电导率、粒径分布等理化性质。结果:选用Labrafil M 1944cs(10 %),Kolliphor RH40(30 %),PEG400(60 %)制备微乳,所得微乳平均粒径约为27 nm,粒径分布(PDI) 平均值为0.198。响应方程预测的指标值与实测值相近。所得优化微乳性质稳定。结论:单纯形网格法能够客观的优化微乳处方,优化所得微乳载药量高,粒径小,分布均匀。所建立的响应方程能够准确的对微乳的载药量、粒径及粒径分布进行预测。     

Enhancement of transdermal delivery of theophylline using microemulsion vehicle

A microemulsion vehicle had been studied as a possible matrix for transdermal delivery of theophylline. The existence of microemulsion regions were investigated in pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, and various microemulsion formulations were prepared using oleic acid, Cremophor RH40/Labrasol (1:2) and water. The optimal formulation of the microemulsion was evaluated in vitro using Franz diffusion cells. The droplet size of microemulsion was characterized by photo correlation spectroscopy. Pharmacokinetic study in vivo was conducted using rabbits, and the results indicated that AUC(0-->infinity) of transdermal administration was 1.65-fold higher than that of oral solution administration. These studies showed that microemulsion system of theophylline might be promising vehicles for the transdermal delivery of theophylline.     

5-氟尿嘧啶口服微乳的制备及其大鼠肠吸收作用研究

目的:制备5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)口服微乳,并考察其在大鼠肠吸收的作用。方法:以肉豆蔻酸异丙酯为油相、单辛/癸酸甘油酯为乳化剂,借助伪三元相图法对不同5-Fu微乳处方进行评价;用外翻肠囊法制备肠吸收离体模型,考察5-Fu微乳的吸收部位和促吸收效果。结果:选择肉豆蔻酸异丙酯-单辛/癸酸甘油酯-无水乙醇-水(Km=1∶2)体系作为5-Fu微乳的载药体系;与其溶液比较,5-Fu微乳可明显改善药物的肠吸收,小肠中后段是其最佳吸收部位,90min时累积吸收率微乳是溶液的3倍。结论:所制备的5-Fu微乳性质稳定、肠吸收效果良好。     

司坦唑醇自微乳制备及其质量评价

目的制备司坦唑醇自微乳给药体系并建立其质量评价方法。方法以乳化剂OP-10、异丙醇和吐温-80制备司坦唑醇自微乳给药系统,考察其粒径分布、电动电势和稳定性。采用HPLC法测定司坦唑醇的含量。结果所得自微乳稳定性良好,平均粒径为33.32 nm,电动电势为4.35 mV。司坦唑醇HPLC分析的线性范围为0.639～3.195μg(R2=1);平均回收率为99.91%(RSD=0.05%)。结论该制剂制备工艺简便可行,质量稳定可控。