An incidental and uncommon pulmonary sequestration with an uncommon feeding artery

INTRODUCTIONPulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly and most intralobar sequestrations were located in lower lobes. There is little information on middle lobe intralobar sequestration.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 44 year-old man with right middle lobe syndrome was referred for surgical management. He underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic right middle lobectomy and his postoperative course was uneventful. Pathology is notable for an incidental intralobar sequestration.DISCUSSIONOur case was unique in that the location of incidental pulmonary sequestration is uncommon and in that its feeding artery was uncommonly located in the fissure.CONCLUSIONWe report an extremely rare case of right middle lobe intralobar sequestration with a feeding artery in the fissure.     

Right lower lobectomy for pulmonary infarction before orthotopic heart transplantation

A 39-year-old potential heart transplant recipient had a right lower lobe infiltrate and on pulmonary angiography was found to have an embolous to the common basilar artery. This was successfully managed by a right lower lobectomy, after aggressive medical management failed. The patient was treated postoperatively with antibiotics and subsequently underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. At 1 year after transplant the patient has no evidence of cardiac or pulmonary insufficiency.     

Dilated cardiomyopathy following alpha interferon therapy of renal tumor with pulmonary metastases: a case report]

We report a case of renal cell carcinoma with pulmonary metastases treated with recombinant alpha interferon and subsequently presenting as congestive heart failure due to a dilated cardiomyopathy. A 66-year-old man presented himself to the department of internal medicine at our hospital with a complaint of persistent cough with sputum on August 27, 1988. Ultrasonogram, computed tomography and angiography showed a right renal cell carcinoma and chest x-ray films disclosed bilateral multiple nodular shadows, probably representing metastases of the renal tumor. After being transferred to our department, the patient underwent the ligation of the right renal artery and vein and the postoperative treatment with recombinant alpha interferon, achieving a complete response for pulmonary metastases and a partial response for the primary region. On February 14, 1990 the patient was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of dyspnea to be diagnosed as congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy. The interferon therapy was suspected to have caused the heart disease, and four months after discontinuation of interferon therapy the heart failure symptoms had improved, but hypokinesis of the cardiac wall still persisted. To our knowledge, this may be the first case of alpha interferon-related cardiomyopathy in Japan.     

Pulmonary sequestration associated with aspergillosis.

Pulmonary sequestration involves an abnormal pulmonary tissue separated from the normal pulmonary parenchyma, not connected to the tracheobronchial tree and supplied by a systemic artery. A case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration is presented. Case; a 49-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever, cough and sputum production. Sputum culture resulted in a large growth of Aspergillus niger. Angiography showed an abnormal blood supply from the abdominal aorta to the right lower lobe. Right lower lobectomy was performed. The postoperative courses are uneventful.     

Intrapulmonary sequestration operated by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy; report of a case

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare malformation of the respiratory tract. We here report an adult case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration with aberrant artery of the right lower lobe. A 20-year-old man admitted to our hospital with a chest discomfort. Chest computed tomography (CT), angiography, and scintigraphy showed abnormal findings of the right lower lobe with an aberrant artery. Under the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy was performed. VATS is useful for the operation of pulmonary sequestration.     

Pulmonary embolectomy followed by lobectomy to treat for massive endobronchial bleeding; report of a case

We describe a case of successful pulmonary embolectomy that required lobectomy to treat for endobronchial bleeding. Sixty-nine-year-old female got into shock required CPR during rehabilitation after replacement of femur head. Her enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed massive embolism in pulmonary artery. Emergency embolectomy was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A videoscope was employed to see inside the pulmonary artery. At the end of the CPB, endobronchial bleeding occurred. The right bronchus was occluded by balloon and CPB was weaned. The right lower lobectomy was done on the next day. She had got pyothorax by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and has recovered after intravenous administration of antibiotics and continuous wash out of pleural space by saline containing 0.02% povidon-iodine. Postoperative scan showed no defects of blood flow and ventilation except resected lobe.     

Experience of twenty-one cases of tracheo-bronchoplasty

Twenty-one cases of tracheo-bronchoplasty were performed in Akita University Hospital from 1997 to 2007. There are 14 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 3 cases of adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 case of inflammatory tracheal stenosis, and 1 case of inflammatory bronchial stenosis. We performed 12 cases of right upper sleeve lobectomy, 4 cases of left upper sleeve lobectomy, 2 cases of left lower sleeve lobectomy, 1 case of right sleeve pneumonectomy, and 2 cases of tracheoplasty. Of 3 cases, we added sleeve resection of pulmonary artery. The ends of the bronchus are anastomosed end-to-end. The bronchial anastomotic suture was carried out peri-cartilaginously through all layers using an interrupted suture technique except for membranous portion. Membranous portion was sutured a continuous anastomotic technique. We use monofilament, absorbable suture material.     

Heart and unilateral lung transplantation in patients with end-stage cardiopulmonary disease and previous thoracic operations

Orthotopic en bloc transplantation of the heart and one lung has been done in two patients with end-stage cardiopulmonary disease and a prior thoracic operation. The first patient had undergone right pulmonary thromboembolectomy with caval ligation 5 years earlier, and the second had had left lower lobectomy for bronchiectasis 15 years before the heart and contralateral lung transplantation. Surgical procedures followed the techniques that had been developed in animals. Transplantation of the unoperated contralateral lung made it possible to avoid dissection in the obliterated pleural space and to minimize bleeding, which simplified the procedure considerably. Dramatic reduction in pulmonary artery pressure and improved respiratory function allowed both patients to be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass without problems. Although the first patient died of liver and renal failure soon after the operation, an intact cough reflex facilitated recovery in the second patient, who has been discharged with essentially normal respiratory function. This report describes heart and unilateral lung transplantation as a procedure of choice for patients with extensive pleural adhesions that made total cardiopulmonary replacement unfeasible.     

肺结核合并支气管内膜结核的外科治疗

目的 总结肺结核合并支气管内膜结核的外科治疗经验.方法 分析1967年3月到2004年10月间肺结核合并支气管内膜结核患者85例,其中支气管狭窄45例,气管狭窄4例.43例行肺叶切除术,其中袖式切除8例;37例行全肺切除术,其中袖式切除4例,气管右下壁部分切除后使用右主支气管内壁组织修补术3例;3例行气管节段切除成形术;1例行左上叶支气管、肺动脉双袖式切除术;1例行开胸活检术.结果 无手术死亡病例.肺叶切除术35例(不包括袖式肺叶切除术)中,术后并发支气管胸膜瘘1例、脓胸1例;全肺切除术33例(不包括袖式全肺切除术)中,术后并发支气管胸膜瘘3例、脓胸4例;两种术式间差异有统计学意义.肺叶切除术后肺不张发生率(5/35)低于袖式肺叶切除术(3/8)(P＜0.01).随访3～10年,随访率98%;1例患者术后7年后死于急性呼吸功能衰竭.结论 肺结核合并支气管内膜结核的外科治疗应切除病变组织,根据狭窄的部位、长度、程度及狭窄远端的肺组织是否正常决定手术方式,并结合围手术期正规抗结核治疗,尽量少作全肺切除.     

Bilateral maxillary sinus metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: a case report

A 58-year-old man presented with lasting nasal obstruction. He had undergone right nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma 11 years ago and right lobectomy for pulmonary metastasis 10 years ago. Paranasal sinus CT scans showed a soft tissue mass in the bilateral maxillary sinus. Abdominal CT showed left renal mass. Each mass was enhanced on the contrast-enhanced viewing. The paranasal mass biopsy was performed and resulted in profuse bleeding. Pathological examination was a metastasic renal cell carcinoma. After embolization of feeding artery, debulking surgery was performed. Postoperatively he was given radiotherapy and interferon therapy.     

Heart and renal failure in renovascular hypertension caused by giant cell arteritis--case report

We report a case of a male teenager with severe heart and acute renal failure as the dominant clinical manifestations of renovascular hypertension (RVH) caused by atypical giant cell arteritis (GCA). Unrecognized RVH and treatment of the consequent heart failure by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) probably contributed to progression of renovascular disease to bilateral renal artery occlusion. Recurrent "flash" pulmonary edemas could not be prevented until surgical revascularization of the only functioning right kidney was achieved by an aortorenal bypass. Prompt post-operative normalization of heart function and arterial hypertension occurred despite the histopathological finding of the resected renal artery compatible with GCA and 4-year duration of significant renovascular disease. At the last check-up, the patient was asymptomatic, with normal arterial pressure on the prescribed treatment: carvedilol, hydrochlorothiazide, prednisolone 20 mg daily and aspirin. Subsequent follow-up is necessary to observe the evolution of GCA as an exceptionally rare cause of RVH.     

Renal artery pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula to the inferior vena cava: a late complication following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Major vascular injuries during laparoscopic procedures are rare but potentially life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated. We report a case in which the placement of a trocar during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy caused damage to the right renal artery and led to the development of a pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm of the right renal artery then eroded into the inferior vena cava resulting in an arteriovenous fistula that eventually caused right renal failure, systolic and diastolic hypertension, and congestive heart failure. The recognition of this complication was delayed and the patient was referred for surgery 5 years after the laparoscopic procedure. He then successfully underwent right nephrectomy, resection of the pseudoaneurysm, and closure of the fistula.     

肺切除加左心房部分切除术治疗局部晚期肺癌

目的 为寻求晚期肺癌患者的外科治疗方法，提高手术疗效，总结34例局部晚期肺癌患者行肺切除加左心房部分切除术的经验。方法 对34例局部晚期肺癌患者施行了肺切除加左心房部分切除术。左肺下叶切除术19例，左全肺切除术4例，右肺中下叶切除术6例，右肺下叶切除术2例，右全肺切除术3例。肿瘤侵及肺静脉根部与心房交界处近心端25例，明显侵犯左心房9例，其中2例同时侵及靠近肺动脉分叉处，常规无法处理肺动脉，在体外循环下切除全肺并同时切除部分左心房。结果 本组无手术死亡，术后发生并发症11例，其中心律失常8例次，肺炎5例次，心功能不全1例次。1年、3年生存率分别为79．4％、44.1％，6例生存＞5年。结论 肺癌累及左心房或肺静脉根部时应切除部分左心房以达到根治性切除，从而延长患者寿命，提高生存质量。     

Lung Salvage by Pulmonary Arterioplasty after Vascular Injury During Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgical Right Upper Lobectomy

Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgical (VATS) lobectomy is now considered feasible and safe. Nevertheless, thoracic surgeons need to be aware of dramatic complications that may occur during this procedure and how best to manage them. We report the case of a severe tear of the right pulmonary artery (PA) during elective VATS upper lobectomy, leading to emergency conversion to control the bleeding. Initial arterial repair was performed by end-to-end anastomosis. Early CT angiography showed thrombosis of the right PA due to anastomotic stenosis. We performed emergency pulmonary arterioplasty with a prosthetic patch to save the right lung. A CT scan days after surgical lung salvage confirmed the permeability of the PA and normal vascularization of the two remaining right lobes. We discuss herein this dramatic complication of VATS lobectomy, the viability of the lung after pulmonary arterial thrombosis, and advocate for early postoperative imaging after pulmonary arterioplasty.     

Pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation in the management of right heart failure during left heart bypass

Pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation was instituted in 10 pigs when right ventricular failure limited cardiac output. Global myocardial depression was produced by infusion of propranolol, and the left ventricle was fully supported by left heart bypass. A stable model of failure was achieved in six pigs. Following application of pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation right atrial pressure decreased from 18.2 +/- 2.1 to 15.9 +/- 2.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Cardiac output increased from 416 +/- 94 to 758 +/- 127 ml/min (p less than 0.001). Right ventricular stroke work increased from 0.29 +/- 0.07 to 0.65 +/- 0.12 gm X m. (p less than 0.05). There was no cardiac output before or after institution of balloon counterpulsation in four pigs studied during ventricular fibrillation or asystole. We conclude that pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation improved cardiac output and right ventricular stroke work in a model of right ventricular failure where the pulmonary circulation was unaltered and the left ventricle supported by left heart bypass. Balloon counterpulsation was not effective during ventricular fibrillation or asystole. Pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation should be considered when right ventricular failure limits cardiac output during left heart bypass.     

Hemoptysis from an unusual pulmonary arteriovenous malformation

We report the case of a 64-year-old woman who presented with massive hemoptysis. She was found to be bleeding from a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in the right middle lobe, which had a peculiar blood supply from the right internal mammary artery. Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy was successfully performed for this condition. Limitations of embolization as a treatment modality for this condition are discussed.     

Ischemic cardiomyopathy with mitral valve regurgitation and atrial fibrillation; report of a case

A 45-year-old man suffering from severe heart failure due to mitral regurgitation and atrial fibrillation was admitted to our hospital. He underwent intracoronary thrombolysis for left anterior descending artery 10 years ago and stent insertion for right coronary artery 3 years ago. We performed mitral annuloplasty using a Carpentier-Edwards Physio ring 28mm and modified maze procedure. The modified maze procedure consists of right sided left atriotomy extended to the left margin of the left pulmonary vein orifices and cryoablation applied to the remnant of the left atrial wall between the left upper and lower pulmonary vein orifice and cryoablation applied to the right atrial isthmus. These procedures could be effective for endstage heart failure.     

Intralobar pulmonary sequestration supplied by multiple anomalous arteries: report of a case

Pulmonary sequestration is abnormal pulmonary tissue that has separated from the normal pulmonary parenchyma, is not connected to the tracheobronchial tree, and is supplied by a systemic artery. We describe herein a case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration found in a 66-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital with hemoptysis, coughing, and fever. Angiography showed that the branches of the 11th left intercostal artery and a bronchial artery had formed a hypervascular area in the lower part of the left lung. Bronchial artery embolization and subsequent embolization of the left 11th intercostal artery were performed in an attempt to control the recurrent hemoptysis. These treatments were unsuccessful, and he was transferred to our department of surgery after coughing up about 400 ml of fresh blood. A left lower lobectomy was performed. The resected lung contained a large feeding artery, some acute and partly organizing inflammatory lesions within collapsed lung parenchyma, and massive intra-alveolar hemorrhage in the peripheral area. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged 22 days after his operation. Received: March 24, 2000 / Accepted: January 9, 2001     

建立肺血减少型先心病幼猪动物模型评估肺血管发育

目的 采用球囊扩张人工房间隔造口加肺动脉环缩术建立肺血减少型先心病幼猪动物模型,探讨肺血减少对其未成熟肺血管发育病理形态学变化的影响.方法 选用1～2月龄幼猪共20头,随机分为3组:正常对照组(C组,6头),右胸小切口造成一过性肺血减少;轻中度肺动脉狭窄组(T1组,7头),经右心房表面送入球囊扩张器行人工房间隔造口加肺动脉Banding环缩术,术中收缩期肺动脉环缩处压差(Trans-PABP)20～30 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa);重度肺动脉狭窄组(T2组,7头),术中Trans-PABP≥30～50 mm Hg.术后超声评估、1个月时行64排CT扫描评估、2个月时行二次剖胸手术验证评估,测量各组血管近端直径及Trans-PABP,处死动物切取心、肺组织测量房间隔缺损、肺动脉和Banding环直径.手术结束、术后2个月取右肺中叶外侧段1.0 cm ×0.8 cm×0.8 cm肺组织,Weihgt弹性纤维+Van Gieson染色,光镜下观察其病理形态学变化.结果 T1和T2组存活动物房间隔造口加肺动脉环缩术均获得成功.C组动物因麻醉意外术后10 h死于呼吸衰竭1头;T1组术后21天死于肠梗阻、肠坏死1头;T2组死亡2头,分别因急性和慢性右心功能衰竭,于术后24 h和39天死亡.64排CT扫描示,肺动脉环缩处直径(BD)显著低于其主动脉直径(AOD)(P＜0.01),近端狭窄后扩张、远端肺血管纹理稀少.肺组织病理学示术后2个月肺细小动脉内径T1、T2组明显高于C组(P＜0.05、P＜0.01),单位面积小动脉数量(NAPSC)实验组均显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 构建的幼猪动物模型更接近于临床病理生理状态,64排螺旋CT联合肺组织病理学观察用于肺血管发育不良的评估是一种可靠方法.肺血减少时幼猪肺小动脉中层发育不良伴数量减少,随环缩加重肺动脉发育不良和肺血流的减少的程度逐渐加重.

Abstract：

Objective Artificial atrial septum defect combining pulmonary artery banding to create a model of congenital heart defect with decreased pulmonary blood flow to explore the morphological changes of immature pulmonary vascular. Methods Choose twenty piglets with about one to two-month-old, which are exclusively for experiment used. The piglets were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (group C, n = 6), Small incisions on the right chest, produced a transient reduction in pulmonary blood; low-medium pulmonary artery stenosis groups ( group T1, n = 7 ) : Did artificial room septostomy creation by self-dilators which were delivered into the surface of the right atrium and controlled Systolic trans pulmonary artery banding pressure (Trans-PABP) at pressure of 20 - 30 mmHg; severe pulmonary artery stenosis groups ( group T2, n = 7): T2 were the same surgical procedures with group T1 ,and controlled Trans-PABP ≥ 30 -50 mmHg. Monitored ultrasound after operation , carried out 64-slice computed tomography scanning after one month, to measure the proximal vessel diameter and TransPABP , after two month surgical exploration on the left chest. When the animals were sacrificed, the heart and lung tissue was cut to measure atrial septal defect, pulmonary artery and the banding diameter. By weihgt elastic fiber and van Cieson staining to observe the morphological pathological changes, three groups took lung tissue with right middle lobe lateral segment about 1.0 cm × 0.8 cm × 0.8cm at the end of surgery and 2-months after operation respectively. Results The models were all successfully in the survival animal of the two test groups. One pig died from tracheal intubation accident in the C group, there was one case died due to bowel obstruction in the T1 group, And there were two cases died result from acute right heart failure and chronic heart failure respectively in T2 group. 64-slice CT angiography showed that BD was significantly lower than the AOD in the two test groups, the proximal pulmonary vascular expansion result from stenosis, distal pulmonary vascular scarce. Histopathology showed that the pulmonary artery inside diameter of T1 and T2 was significantly higher than group C(P ＜0. 05,P ＜ 0.01), and the NAPSC of two experimental groups were significantly lower than group C 2-month after operation( P ＜0.01).Conclusion This type of Piglet model is closer to clinical pathological and physiological ,64-slice spiral CT combined with lung histopathology observed for the evaluation of pulmonary vascular hypoplasia is a reliable method. Tunica media of pulmonary arterioles hypoplasia with the number reducing, with pulmonary artery banding increased,the degree of pulmonary arterioles hypoplasia gradually increased.     

二例原位心脏移植失败的经验总结

分别于１９９６年１１月１４日与１９９７年３月２０日为２例终末期扩张型心肌病的危重患者施行了原位心脏移植术。其中１例患者术前肝肾功能衰竭，术中全身器官功能继续恶化，无法脱离体外循环而死亡；另一例患者术前有重度肺动脉高压，术后因右心衰竭，肺动脉高压危象而死亡。