噻萘普汀与碳酸锂对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马pCREB表达的影响

Objective To research the effects of tianeptine and lithium on expression of pCREB in hippocampus of chronic stress depression rats. Methods All the experimental rats were divided by random into : Group of depression,Group of tianeptine,Group of lithium and Group of control. The rats of Group of depression, Group of tianeptine and Group of lithium were applied stress for 21 days,and meanwhile Group of control had no stress. The rats of Group of tianeptine were fed with tianeptine (50 mg/kg) , Group of lithium were fed with lithium (60 mg/kg) , while another groups were fed with normal sodium of the same volume. The ethology examination was performed by using method of open-field and experiment of fluid consumption. The expression of pCREB was detected by Western-blotting method. Results After the chronic stress,the horizontal crossing numbers,the erection times,the modification times and the percentage of sacchar-consumption of the rats of Group of depression were 23.2±23.0;8. 1 ±7.2; 3.6 ±3.5 and (55.4 ±11.7)% respectively, which were less than Group of control (46.0±18.9;20.3±11.3;8.4±2.7 and (68.5 ±8.2)% ; P＜0.01). The horizontal crossing numbers(28. 1 ±23.0) ,the erection times(12. 1 ± 9.4) and the modification times(5.5 ±3.2) of Group of tianeptine are less than those of Group of control (P ＜ 0. 05), but no significant difference compared with Group of depression; the percentage of sacchar-consumption(62.7 ± 10.6) % ,Group of tianeptine was more than Group of depression (P＜ 0.05 ) , but no obvious difference with Group of control. The horizontal crossing numbers, the erection times, the modification times and the percentage of sacchar-consumption of Group of lithium were less than those of Group of control (P ＜ 0.05), more than those of Group of depression but no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). In Westernblotting method,the level of pCREB in the hippocampus of Group of depression was less than that of Group of control (P＜ 0.01); that of Group of tianeptine was more than that of Group of depression (P ＜ 0.01) but no obvious difference with Group of control; that of Group of lithium was less than that of Group of control (P＜0. 01) and more than Group of depression (P＜0.01). Conclusion Tianeptine could reverse the reduction of expression of pCREB in hippocampus of chronic stress depression rats and lithium partly did it.     

Effects of sex hormones on apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective To study the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and/or estradiol (E(2) ) on apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods The percentage of apoptosis of PBMCs from SLE patients and healthy blood donors were examined by means of AO staining 48 h after culture with DHEA and/or E(2) at physiologic or pathologic concentrations.Results The percentage apoptosis of PBMCs from SLE patients is higher than that of healthy blood donors (P<0.01). E(2) , whether at physiological or at p a thological concentrations, had no effects on apoptosis of PBMCs from both S LE patients and healthy donors (P>0.05). Both DHEA and DHEA plus E(2) at physiologic concentrations, had no effect on apoptosis of PBMCs from healthy d onors (P>0.05), but significantly inhibited that of SLE patients ( P<0.05); at pathologic concentrations,they promoted apoptosis of PBMCs fr om SLE patients as well as healthy blood donors (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the effects of DHEA and that of DHEA plus E(2) (P>0.05). Conclusion DHEA plays an important role in the apoptosis of PBMCs from SLE patients; low serum levels of DHEA may cause accelerated apoptosis.     

Nuclear factor- κB in signal conduction of protein kinase C in T lymphocytes from an asthmatic guinea pig model

Objective To explore the role of nuclear factor- κB (NF- κB) in the signal conduction of protein kinase C (PKC) regulated proliferation, apoptosis and expression of Th2 cytokines - interleukin- 4 (IL- 4) and interleukin- 5 (IL- 5) of T lymphocytes in the bronchial alveolus lavage fluid (BALF).Methods T lymphocytes were isolated and purified from BALF of asthmatic guinea pigs in normal and asthmatic groups, and were stimulated with PKC agitator phorbol 12- myristate 13- acetate (PMA) and NF- κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), respectively.The expressions of NF- κB, IL- 4 and IL- 5 mRNA and protein, the proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes were observed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, ELISA, MTT and TUNEL, respectively. Results The activation of NF- κB, proliferation response, and expression of IL- 4 and IL- 5 mRNA and protein in T lymphocytes stimulated by PMA were significantly higher than those of their blank control (P<0.01), while those indexes of T lymphocytes stimulated by PMA and PDTC simultaneously were significantly lower than those stimulated by PMA alone (P<0.01).The apoptotic index of T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA were significantly lower than that of their blank control (P<0.01), and the apoptotic index of asthmatic guinea pig T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA and PDTC simultaneously were significantly higher than that stimulated by PMA alone (P<0.01).The significant positive correlations were found between the activation of NF- κB and the proliferation (r=0.64, P<0.001), and the expression of IL- 4 and IL- 5 mRNA and protein of T lymphocytes, respectively (r=0.55-0.68, P<0.001).There was also significant negative correlation between the activation of NF- κB and apoptosis of T lymphocytes (r=0.62, P<0.001). Conclusions NF- κB may participate in the signal conduction of PKC regulated proliferation, apoptosis and expression of IL- 4 and IL- 5 of T lymphocytes in asthma.The activation of NF- κB in PKC signal conduction pathway of T lymphocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.     

Alterations in myosin heavy chain isoform gene expression during the transition from compensatory hypertrophy to congestive heart failure in rats

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism underlying the decreased velocity of tension rise in rat myocardium during congestive heart failure (CHF) and left ventricula r hypertrophy (LVH) induced by aortic stenosis.Methods The maximum velocity of tension rise (+dT/dt(max)) was measured in left ventricular papillary muscle and the mRNA level of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isof orms in the left ventricle were detected by Northern blot analysis.Results The value of +dT/dt(max) in CHF and LVH group were 64.17% and 37.15% lower than sham-operated controls (Sham) (P<0.01); values in the CHF group were 42.99% lower than that of LVH (P<0.01). The level of α-MHC mRNA in LVH was not different from that of the Sham (P>0.05), but decreased significan tly in CHF to 42.3% of Sham and 56.1% of LVH (P<0.01). The level of β- MHC mRNA was up-regulated by 88.3% (P<0.01) in LVH compared with Sham and the level of β-MHC in CHF was 1.5-fold and 3.7-fold higher than that in L VH and Sham respectively (P<0.01). The ratio of α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA in LV H and CHF decreased to 42.4% and 9.8% respectively of the value in Sham (P <0.01). Correlation between α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA level and +dT/dt(max) wa s analyzed which showed that these values were positively correlated with a corr elation coefficient of 0.875 (P<0.01).Conclusion The decreased ratio of α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA was the major molecular mechanism un derlying the decreased +dT/dt(max) in CHF and LVH myocardium. The decreased ratio of α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA in LVH was mainly due to the up regulation of β-MHC mRNA while in CHF both down regulation of α-MHC and up regulatio n of β-MHC were involved.     

A new rat model of glaucoma induced by intracameral injection of silicone oil and electrocoagulation of limbal vessels

Background  A satisfied glaucoma model is absent now. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of intracameral injection of silicone oil and electrocoagulation of corneal limbal vessels and episcleral veins in the rats to establish glaucoma model.

Methods  Operation was performed in each of the left eyes of 90 adult male rats. Right eyes were used as controls. Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) was performed with an applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen). Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were retrogradely labeled by applying FluoroGold onto the bilateral superior colliculus.

Results  During the follow-up (24 weeks), the IOP of the study eyes was significantly higher (P <0.05) than the control eyes (at final examination, IOP of control eyes was (13.4±1.0) mmHg and IOP of study eyes was (16.1±1.8) mmHg). Correspondingly, at 24 weeks after operation, the RGCs density of the study eyes (2286.11±290.45/mm²) was significantly lower than the control eyes (2626.46±164.85/mm², P <0.01). In the operated eyes, histological examination showed excavation of optic disc and increased neuroglial cells in the optic nerve, reduced thickness of retina and diminution of retinal ganglion cells, and atrophy of ciliary body and iris. Notably, the anterior chamber angle of the operated eye remained open.

Conclusions  A combination of intracameral injection of silicone oil and electrocoagulation of corneal limbal vessels and episcleral veins may establish a reliable glaucoma model for further research.

     

Comparison of 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography and electron beam computed tomography for detecting coronary artery disease in patients with no myocardial infarction

Background Previous studies have compared single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) in detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this study was to compare SPECT with EBCT in detection of CAD in patients with no MI.Methods One hundred and forty-seven patients with suspected CAD underwent stress-rest 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) myocardial SPECT, cardiac EBCT and coronary angiography (CAG) within one month. Of them, 73 patients (aged 52.6±10.6 years old) with no history of MI were included in this study. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was defined as a CT value ≥130 HU within the boundary of coronary artery on EBCT. Results There were 35 and 38 patients with or without CAD according to CAG. Ninety-six percent of the patients with abnormal SPECT and CAC had a coronary arteries stenosis ≥50%, and 90.9% patients with normal SPECT and EBCT showed no CAD. The sensitivity of SPECT and EBCT in detection of CAD was comparable, and the specificity of SPECT (92.1%) was significantly higher than that of EBCT (55.3%) (P&lt;0.005). For the detection of individual coronary artery stenosis, both sensitivity and specificity of SPECT (75.0% and 93.7%) were significantly higher than those of EBCT (53.3% and 76.7%) (P&lt;0.025 and P&lt;0.005, respectively). In patients without chest pain, the sensitivity and specificity of SPECT (76.9% and 91.4%) were significantly higher than those of EBCT (23.1% and 69.0%) in detection of a coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% (P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.005, respectively). However, in patients with chest pain, both sensitivity and specificity of SPECT were comparable to those of EBCT. In patients ≤45 years old, the sensitivity of SPECT (77.8%) was significantly higher than that of EBCT (27.8%) in assessing a coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% (P&lt;0.005), and the specificity of SPECT was comparable to that of EBCT. In patients &gt;45 years old, the specificity of SPECT (94.3%) was significantly higher than that of EBCT (70.5%) (P&lt;0.005), and the sensitivity of SPECT was comparable to that of EBCT. Conclusion 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT has higher accuracy than that of EBCT in detection of CAD in patients without MI.     

Expression of Ki-67, galectin-3, fragile histidine triad, and parafibromin in malignant and benign parathyroid tumors

Background  It is widely recognized that the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is often difficult because of the overlap of characteristics between malignant and benign parathyroid tumors, especially at an early stage. Our study aimed to investigate the differential expression of Ki-67, galectin-3, fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene, and parafibromin in PC, parathyroid adenoma (PA), parathyroid hyperplasia (PH), and normal parathyroid (NP) tissues; then to assess these expression values for use in differential diagnosis of malignant and benign parathyroid tumors.

Methods  Data of 15 cases with PC, 19 PAs, and 8 PHs were retrospectively analyzed for their clinical characteristics. The expression of Ki-67, galectin-3, FHIT, and parafibromin were detected via immunohistochemistry in the above-mentioned specimens and 6 NPs as control.

Results  Complete loss of parafibromin expression was seen in 9 of 15 (60%) carcinomas, and all normal parathyroid tissues and parathyroid benign tumors stained positive for parafibromin except for one (4%) adenoma. Galectin-3 staining was positive in 11 of 15 (73%) carcinomas, 5 of 19 (26%) adenomas, 1 of 8 (12%) hyperplasias, and 0 of 6 normal tissues. The Ki-67 proliferative index was high in 4 of 15 (27%) carcinomas, 1 of 19 (5%) adenomas, and none of the hyperplasia or normal tissues. FHIT expression did not differ appreciably among the tumor types. The combination of overexpression of galectin-3 or loss of parafibromin increased sensitivity for PC to 87%, while the specificity of both positive galectin-3 and positive Ki-67 could reach 100%.

Conclusions  These data suggested that loss of parafibromin and overexpression of galectin-3 and Ki-67 might help to distinguish parathyroid carcinoma from other parathyroid tumors. And the combination of two or three of these markers might produce better sensitivity and/or specificity for the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma.

     

Correlation of epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression with increased epidermal growth factor receptor gene copy number in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Background  Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in China and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is widely distributed in human epithelial cell membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein overexpression and gene copy number of EGFR in ESCC, and help to identify patients who may benefit from EGFR targeted therapies.  

Methods  Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to analyze the expression of EGFR in 105 cases of ESCC, 16 cases of squamous epithelial atypical hyperplasia, and 11 cases of normal esophageal tissue. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to analyze the gene copy number in 80 cases of ESCC, eight cases of squamous epithelial atypical hyperplasia, and eight samples of normal esophageal tissue.

Results  The IHC-positive rates of EGFR in 105 cases of ESCC, 16 cases of squamous epithelial atypical hyperplasia, and 11 normal esophageal tissues were 97% (102/105), 44% (7/16), and 18% (2/11) respectively. The difference in the expression of EGFR among different esophageal tissue groups had statistically significance (P <0.05). Among the 105 cases of ESCC, overexpression of EGFR was found in 90 cases (86%), of which 55 cases scored 3+ for EGFR staining and 35 cases scored 2+. In ESCC, the expression of EGFR was significantly correlated with depth of invasion and TNM stage (P <0.05), but not with other parameters. The FISH-positive rates of EGFR in 80 cases of ESCC, the eight cases of squamous epithelial atypical hyperplasia, and eight samples of normal esophageal tissue were 31.3% (25/80), 0 (0/8) and 0 (0/8) respectively. In ESCC, EGFR gene amplification was found in 17 (21%) cases, high polysomy in 8 (10%) cases, disomy in 34 cases, low trisomy in 17 cases, and high trisomy in four cases. EGFR FISH-positive was significantly correlated with depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis (P <0.05). EGFR FISH-positive was significantly associated with overexpression of EGFR.

Conclusion  Protein overexpression and/or increased gene copy number of EGFR is common in ESCC, and EGFR targeted therapy may be appropriate for ESCC patients.

     

抑郁症患者快动眼睡眠特征及其与抑郁水平的相关性

Objective To explore the characteristics of polysomnography (PSG) of depressed patients and the correlation between rapid eye movement (REM) and severity degree of depression. Methods Polysomnography was used to assess patients'sleep condition and Montgomery-Asberg depression scale (MADRS) was used to assess the severity degree of depression. 90 patients and 30 healthy controls were included. Results Compared to healthy controls,sleep progress of depressed patients changed as follow:prolonged sleep latency((25.2 ±15.25) minutes) ,lowered sleep efficiency(0.853 ±0.11) ;the architecture of sleep also changed:percentage of stage 1 increased( (27.7 ± 16.38) % ),percentage of REM sleep increased( (22. 8 ± 6. 1 ) % ) , percentage of stage 2 decreased ((40.2±11.3)%), percentage of slow wave sleep decreased ((11.8 ±9. 32)%); REM sleep significantly changed; decreased REM latency((79. 27 ±30. 44) minutes) , increased REM activity((129. 0 ±53. 12) u) .increased intensity of REM((36.7 ±14.0)u/min), increased REM density((159.2 ±57.2)u/min) were observed in depressed patients. There was no obvious correlation between the variance of REM and severity degree of depression. Conclusion There are a series of changes in sleep progress, architecture and REM sleep of depression and the change of REM sleep can be specified to diagnose depression. However,there is no causality between REM variance and severity of depression.     

本科护生专业承诺、学习倦怠与学业自我效能感的关系研究

Objective To explore the relationship among professional commitment, learning burnout and academic self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students. Methods 506 undergraduate nursing students were investigated with the three Questionnaires of college students: professional commitment questionnaire, learning burnout inventory and academic self-efficacy scale. Results The scores of affective commitment, ideal commitment, normative commitment and continued commitment of the undergraduate nursing students were (28.229 ± 5.327), (20.348 ±4. 507), (19. 405 ± 3. 730), (18. 148 ± 2. 954) and( 86. 130 ± 13. 421), respectively. And the scores of depression, misconduct, low sense of accomplishment, total bumrnut of the undergraduate nursing students were(21.733 ±5.338), (18.459 ±3. 918) , (17.083 ±3. 596)and(57. 275 ±9. 766) , respectively. As well as the scores of learning ability of self-efficacy, learning behavior of self-efficacy and total self-efficacy were(35.765 ±5.835), (35.247 ±4.840)and (71.012 ±9.659), respectively. The affective commitment,ideal commitment and normative commitment of professional commitment were negatively correlated with the dimensions of learning bumout. And the continued commitment was significant correlated with the low sense of accomplishment. Otherwise, the dimensions of professional commitment were positive correlated with the dimensions of academic self-efficacy. However, the dimensions of academic self-efficacy were significant negative correlated with the dimensions of learning burnout (P＜ 0. 01). Conclusions The professional commitment, learning bumout of undergraduate nursing students are closely related with the academic self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students. The higher the levels of professional commitment and academic self-efficacy are, the lower the level of learning bumout is.     

A clinical neurophysiology study of Hirayama disease

Background  Hirayama disease is a rare disease characterized by juvenile-onset of asymmetric amyotrophy, of which etiology has not been clarified. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical and neurophysiologic characteristics of Hirayama disease.

Methods  Neurophysiological tests, including nerve conduction studies (NCS), F-wave and routine electromyography (EMG), were performed in seventy-three patients with Hirayama disease. EMG was selectively performed on upper and lower extremities, sternocleidomast and thoracic paravertebral muscles according to the clinical features of the patients.

Results  Abnormal NCS parameters, including decreased compound muscle action potentials or delayed distal motor latency, were found in 34.2% (25/73) and 12.3% (9/73) of the patients, respectively. A total of 24.6% (18/73) of the patients showed decreased F-wave frequency. EMG demonstrated the presence of neurogenic lesions in all patients with spontaneous potentials, prolonged duration or augmentation of amplitude in motor unit potentials (MUPs), or a single pattern of MUP recruitment. About 17.8% (13/73) of the patients showed neurogenic lesions, mostly in the C7-8 level of the cervical cord, only in the upper extremity of affected side, whereas 35.6% (26/73) of the patients possessed lesions in the upper extremities bilaterally. A total of 46.6% (34/73) of patients exhibited abnormalities in the lower extremities, sterno- cleidomast or thoracic paravertebral muscle. Changes in motor NCS were significantly correlated with muscle strength.

Conclusions  EMG detects diffused subclinical neurogenic lesion in a high proportion of patients with Hirayama disease. Results of our study challenge the hypothesis that Hirayama disease is a type of cervical myelopathy.

     

Interferon-γ inhibits in situ expression of PDGF-β mRNA by smooth muscle cells in injured rabbit arteries after transluminal balloon angioplasty

Objective To elucidate the mechanism of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) to inhibit the resten osis after successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Methods A rabbit vascular restenotic model was constructed and the proliferation of inti mal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were observed by monitoring their expression of p roliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and platelet-derived growth factor β chain mRNA (PDGF-β mRNA) at the indicated time points.Results IFN-γ could significantly inhibit the expression of PCNA by intimal SMCs one w eek after denudation, when counting 200 intimal cells for PCNA-positive reactio ns with an inhibitory rate of 88.50% (P&lt;0.001). IFN-γ could downregulat e in situ expression of PDGF-β mRNA by these cells as we calculated the averag e number of PDGF-β mRNA positive cells per square millimetre area at ×400 mag nification with reduced rates of 86.85% in 1 week group (P&lt;0.001), of 93. 66% in 2 week group (P&lt;0.001) and of 52.92% in 4 week group (0.02&lt; P&lt;0.05), respectively. Conclusions The local production of PDGF-β by vascular intimal SMCs via an autocrine mecha nism may be responsible for continuous proliferation of these cells and the form ation of neointima after injury. This could be inhibited by IFN-γ through dow nregulating the expression of PDGF-β mRNA. These results provide an in vivo b asis for IFN-γ to be used clinically for the management of restenosis after pe rcutaneous transluminal angioplasty.     

Improvement of P-wave dispersion is associated with a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac resynchronization therapy

Background  P-wave dispersion (PWD) is a useful predictor of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). The effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on PWD and the prognostic implications of the improvement in PWD remain undefined. The aim of the study was to explore the clinical significance of the improvement of PWD after CRT.

Methods  Electrocardiographic studies were performed before and three months after CRT in 81 patients (57 men and 24 women; age (60.5±11.2) years) with standard CRT indication but no history of AF. A significant improvement of PWD (PWD responder) was defined as a relative decrease ≥20% from baseline PWD. The primary endpoints were new-onset AF detected by electrocardiogram (ECG) or CRT.

Results  After (30.6±7.5) months of follow-up, PWD responders (n=43) had a significantly lower incidence of AF than did PWD nonresponders, 12% vs. 29% (P <0.001). In Cox proportional hazard analysis, PWD responders was the only predictor of lower risk of new-onset AF (HR 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.12–0.96, P=0.033).

Conclusion  Improvement of P-wave dispersion after CRT was associated with a lower incidence of AF, which may be related to the significant improvement in left ventricular systolic function and the reverse modeling of the left atrium.     

A clinical comparative study of polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia in non-AIDS patients

Background  Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is one of the most common and fatal infections in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients, which is difficult to diagnose by traditional morphologic methods. This study evaluated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of Pneumocystis jirovecii mitochondrial large subunits ribosomal RNA in sputum and bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for diagnosing PCP.

Methods  Sputum and BALF specimens from two groups were collected: one group (PCP group) included 20 patients definitely diagnosed of PCP by Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stains of BALF; the other group (non-PCP group) included 40 patients. Each specimen was examined by GMS stains and PCR assays.

Results  GMS stains of BALF in PCP group were 100% positive (20/20), GMS stains of sputum in PCP group were 35% positive (7/20); GMS stains of BALF in non-PCP group were 100% negative (40/40), GMS stains of sputum in non-PCP group were 100% negative (40/40). PCR assays of BALF in PCP group were 100% positive (20/20), PCR assays of sputum in PCP group were 100% positive (20/20); PCR assays of BALF in non-PCP group were 100% negative (40/40), PCR assays of sputum in non-PCP group were 100% negative (40/40). Sensitivity and specificity of PCR assays of sputum and BALF were both 100%; positive and negative predictive values were also both 100%.

Conclusion  The diagnostic value of PCR assays of Pneumocystis jirovecii mitochondrial large subunits ribosomal RNA on sputum and BALF for pneumocystis pneumonia are both high and equivalent.

     

496名医学硕士研究生考试复试者社会性特质分析

Objective To study the socialization character of the examinee in entrance examination of medical postgraduate.Methods 48 examinee in physical fitness test and 496 examinee in entrance examination of medical postgraduate were investigated by applying minnesota multiphasic personality inventory ( MMPI ).Results ①Female postgraduate entrance examinee had higher scores of social responsibility and absence of social anxiety ( H1 ) than male ( 59.1 ± 9.0 vs 56.0 ± 8.5, 59.0 ± 10.1vs 57.3 ± 8.6, P ＜ 0.05 ).Graduates had higher scores of absence of social anxiety( H1 ) (58.3 ±9.4 vs 52.1 ± 11.5, P＜0.05 ), lower scores of alienation from the society(PD4A) and alienation from the society(S1 A) (44.2 ±7.6 vs 51.7 ±9.0, 39.6 ±7.4 vs 45.9 ±9.6,P＜0.05) than junior college graduates.The unmarried persons had higher scores of alienation from the society (PD4A) than the married persons (44.7±7.7 vs 42.9±7.1,P<0.05).②After controlling the effect of gender,marital status and education level, covariance analysis demonstrated that postgraduate entrance examinee had higher scores of S1A (40.0 ±7.5 vs35.2 ±6.8, P＜0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences of socialization character among postgraduate entrance examinee with the difference of genders, marital status and education level.Postgraduate entrance examinee prefers alienation from the society.     

496名医学硕士研究生考试复试者社会性特质分析

Objective To study the socialization character of the examinee in entrance examination of medical postgraduate.Methods 48 examinee in physical fitness test and 496 examinee in entrance examination of medical postgraduate were investigated by applying minnesota multiphasic personality inventory ( MMPI ).Results ①Female postgraduate entrance examinee had higher scores of social responsibility and absence of social anxiety ( H1 ) than male ( 59.1 ± 9.0 vs 56.0 ± 8.5, 59.0 ± 10.1vs 57.3 ± 8.6, P ＜ 0.05 ).Graduates had higher scores of absence of social anxiety( H1 ) (58.3 ±9.4 vs 52.1 ± 11.5, P＜0.05 ), lower scores of alienation from the society(PD4A) and alienation from the society(S1 A) (44.2 ±7.6 vs 51.7 ±9.0, 39.6 ±7.4 vs 45.9 ±9.6,P＜0.05) than junior college graduates.The unmarried persons had higher scores of alienation from the society (PD4A) than the married persons (44.7±7.7 vs 42.9±7.1,P<0.05).②After controlling the effect of gender,marital status and education level, covariance analysis demonstrated that postgraduate entrance examinee had higher scores of S1A (40.0 ±7.5 vs35.2 ±6.8, P＜0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences of socialization character among postgraduate entrance examinee with the difference of genders, marital status and education level.Postgraduate entrance examinee prefers alienation from the society.     

幼年应激致成年大鼠应激敏感性增加的突触形态学变化

Objective To observe the influence of stress in childhood on adult rat's stress sensitization and the neural mechanism. Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into stress group (thirty) and non-stress group(thirty). The rats in stress group were given 14 repeated daily forced swimming. The emotional behaviors were tested at the beginning of the experiment and when stress of forced swimming ended 8 weeks later. When the appraisal of behavior ended,the pyramidal neuron in the left hippocampal CA3 regions were counted under the light microscope, the pictures of synapses in the left hippocampal CA3 regions were got under the electromicroscope,and the morphological changes of synapses were analyzed with the automatic image analyzing system. Results (1) The score (1.20±0.60) of emotional behavior of stress group increased more than non-stress group(-0.13±0.83) (P<0.05). (2) The number of pyramidal neuron in the left hippocampal CA3 re-gions of stress group rats was small than that of non-stress group rats. (3) The number density [(1.01±0.15) N/ μm3 ], prosop density (0.20±0.04 )μm2/μm3], the average area of synaptic linkage [(0.05±0.02) μm2], the length of active areas [(314.78±46.32) nm], the curvatures (1.02±0.04), the thickness of postsynaptic dense material [(46.35±6.81) nm] in the left hippocampal CA3 regions of the stress group were small than those of non-stress group (P<0.05). Conclusion The stress in childhood could increase the stress sensitization of adult rats,and the decrease of synaptic plasticity might be the mechanism.     

Assessment of the morphology and mechanical function of the left atrial appendage by real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography

Background  The left atrial appendage (LAA) is an important source of thrombus formation. We investigated the feasibility of the recently developed real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D-TEE) method in assessment of the morphology and function of the LAA.

Methods  Ninety-six consecutive patients (58 males with a mean age of (43.4±12.5) years) who were referred for 2-dimensional (2D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) underwent additional RT3D-TEE. LAA morphology was visualized in multiple views. Orifice size, depth, volumes and ejection fraction (EF) of the LAA, were measured.

Results  All the patients underwent RT3D-TEE examination without complications. Ninety-two patients (95.8%) had adequate images for visualization and quantitative analysis of the LAA. The LAA exhibited great variability with respect to relative dimensions and morphology. LAA orifice area was (3.8±1.2) cm² with a diameter of (2.4±0.9) cm × (1.4±0.6) cm. The mean depth of the LAA was (2.9±0.7) cm. End-diastolic volume (EDV-LAA), end-systolic volume (ESV-LAA) and EF of the LAA were (6.2±3.7) ml, (4.1±2.8) ml, and 0.35±0.16, respectively. EDV-LAA, ESV-LAA and the orifice area of the LAA in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) were larger than those without AF, whereas the EF was smaller in the AF patients.

Conclusions  Defining LAA morphology and quantitative analysis of the size and function of the LAA with superior quality and resolution of images using RT3D-TEE is feasible. This technique may be an ideal tool for guidance of the LAA occlusion procedure. Determination of LAA volumes and volume-derived EF by RT3D-TEE provides new insights into the analysis of LAA function.

     

农民工子女中学生自我意识与个性特征的比较研究

Objective To investigate the differences of self-concept and personality in middle school students between the migrant workers and local children. Methods Self-concept was assessed by Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and personality was assessed by Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ ) in the middle school students between the migrant workers ( n = 206) and local children ( n= 166). Results 1. There was no significant difference between two groups in behavior,intellect and school state and physical appearance subscale of PHCSS. The total scores (55. 7 ± 10.1) and other subscale of PHCSS of the migrant workers group were significant lower than those of the local group (P＜0.01). The total scores (55. 8 ±9. 9) and anxiety (9.4 ± 2.4) and happiness satisfaction (7.5 ±1.9) subscale of PHCSS in the male middle school students of the migrant workers group was significant lower than those of the local group(P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01). The total scores (54.8±10.2),anxiety(9.0±2.2),gregarious (8.2 ±2.0) ,happiness satisfaction (7.4 ±2.0) subscale of PHCSS in the female middle school students of the migrant workers group were significant lower than those of the local group(P ＜ 0. 01) 2. Except Lie ( L) score of EPQ, other three scores were significantly different between two groups. Conclusion self-concept of middle school students of the migrant workers studying in Tianjin is significantly lower than that of the local. Personality in middle school students of the migrant workers is more diffident, neuropathic and more psychotics than that of local.