Binding and displacement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by thrombospondin: Effect on human microvascular endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a specific angiogenic factor, and thrombospondin (TSP), is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. To better understand the role of TSP as an anti-angiogenic agent, we have identified its specific domains that participate in its anti-angiogenic activity and examined the mechanism of its inhibitory effect on VEGF₁₆₅ induced angiogenesis. Exogenously added TSP inhibited VEGF₁₆₅ induced angiogenesis (proliferation and tube formation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells {HDMEC} and neovascular outgrowth from human arterial rings). Although both VEGF₁₆₅ and TSP are heparin binding proteins, TSP had a higher affinity for ¹²⁵I-heparin than VEGF₁₆₅ (K _d1 4 nM and K _d2 14 nM for TSP; K _d 91 nM for VEGF₁₆₅). TSP displaced 36% of ¹²⁵I-VEGF₁₆₅ from HDMEC and this was comparable to the 27% reduction in ¹²⁵I-VEGF₁₆₅ binding to HDMEC upon cleavage of cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). About 35% of the mitogenic activity of VEGF₁₆₅ was attributable to its heparin binding region. These results indicate that a proportion of the mitogenic activity of VEGF₁₆₅ is inhibited by TSP via competition for cell surface HS. Further, ¹²⁵I-VEGF₁₆₅ bound directly to TSP in a saturable, concentration dependent manner, and heparin modulated this binding. The mAbs to the heparin binding domain to the type 1 and type 3 repeats of TSP inhibited the binding of VEGF₁₆₅ to TSP, and also blocked the inhibitory effect of TSP on VEGF₁₆₅ induced HDMEC proliferation. We conclude that (i) the anti-angiogenic activity of TSP is localized in its heparin binding domain and type 1 and type 3 repeats (ii) TSP inhibits angiogenesis by at least two separate mechanisms, (a) displacement of VEGF₁₆₅ from endothelial cell HS and (b) direct binding to VEGF₁₆₅. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fibrin fragment E stimulates the proliferation,migration and differentiation of human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro

Various factors involved in haemostasis also regulate the development of new blood vessels by a process called angiogenesis. Enzymatic cleavage of fibrin yields a variety of fibrin degradation products, particularly in areas of intense angiogenesis such as in healing wounds and active atherosclerotic plaques. One of these, fibrin fragment E (FnE), is a potent angiogenic factor in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay of angiogenesis. Here, we extend these studies to show that FnE stimulates the proliferation, migration and differentiation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HuDMECs) in vitro, both in the absence and presence of such additional endothelial growth factors as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). We also show that these stimulatory effects occur at concentrations of the protein known to be present in angiogenic tissues in vivo. FnE enhanced the angiogenic effects of VEGF or bFGF, indicating a possible synergy between the signalling pathways used by these three angiogenic factors. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The role of miRNA in stem cell pluripotency and commitment to the vascular endothelial lineage

Vascular endothelial cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells have substantial potential for the development of novel vascular therapeutics and cell-based therapies for the repair of ischemic damage. To gain maximum benefit from this source of cells, a complete understanding of the changes in gene expression and how they are regulated is required. miRNAs have been demonstrated to play a critical role in controlling stem cell pluripotency and differentiation and are important for mature endothelial cell function. Specific miRNAs that determine stem cell fate have been identified for a number of different cell lineages; however, in the case of differentiation and specification of vascular endothelial cells, this is yet to be fully elucidated.     

成人骨髓源内皮祖细胞的体外分离培养及鉴定

目的探讨成人骨髓源内皮祖细胞（EPCs）体外分离培养的可行性。方法抽取成年男性骨髓,体外全骨髓培养,传代后采用免疫微珠分选方法收集CD南细胞,EGM—MV2条件培养基诱导培养EPCs,观察细胞形态、生长情况;采用流式细胞技术检测分选细胞纯度,免疫荧光法检测EPCs特殊分子标志物CD34,CD133和VE-cadherin表达,透射电子显微镜观察分选细胞超微结构,UEA-1和Dil-ac-LDL双染色法检测分选细胞的吞噬功能。结果分选后细胞培养第3天出现集落样生长,集落边缘细胞形态伸展呈梭形或多边形,传代后呈现串珠样排列;培养至5～6d,细胞连接成大片条索状结构;CD34^＋、CD133^＋细胞百分率分别为24．13％、93．29％,其表面特异性表达CD133、CD34、VE-cadherin,具有EPCs形态特征,能吞噬Dil-ac-LDL并结合UEA-1。结论成人骨髓来源的EPCs经体外培养后形态、增殖率、生存能力、表面标志表达、功能等均较为稳定,可作为心血管组织工程种子细胞或用于干细胞治疗。     

Involvement of VEGFR-2 (kdr/flk-1) but not VEGFR-1 (flt-1) in VEGF-A and VEGF-C-induced tube formation by human microvascular endothelial cells in fibrin matrices in vitro

Different forms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their cellular receptors (VEGFR) are associated with angiogenesis, as demonstrated by the lethality of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1 or VEGFR-2 knockout mice. Here we have used an in vitro angiogenesis model, consisting of human microvascular endothelial cells (hMVEC) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) fibrin matrices to investigate the roles of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in the process of VEGF-A and VEGF-C-induced tube formation. Soluble VEGFR-1 completely inhibited the tube formation induced by the combination of VEGF-A and TNFα (VEGF-A/TNFα). This inhibition was not observed when tube formation was induced by VEGF-C/TNFα or bFGF/TNFα. Blocking monoclonal antibodies specific for VEGFR-2, but not antibodies specifically blocking VEGFR-1, were able to inhibit the VEGF-A/TNFα-induced as well as the VEGF-C/TNFα-induced tube formation in vitro. PlGF-2, which interacts only with VEGFR-1, neither induced tube formation in combination with TNFα, nor inhibited or stimulated by itself the VEGF-A/TNFα-induced tube formation in vitro. These data indicate that VEGF-A or VEGF-C activation of the VEGFR-2, and not of VEGFR-1, is involved in the formation of capillary-like tubular structures of hMVEC in 3D fibrin matrices used as a model of repair-associated or pathological angiogenesis in vitro. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

N-去硫酸肝素对SCID小鼠胃癌血管生成和VEGF表达的影响

目的:研究N-去硫酸肝素对人胃癌重度联合免疫缺陷(SCID) 小鼠转移模型肿瘤转移抑制、血管生成和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响．方法:建立人胃癌组织原位移植SCID小鼠转移模型,随机分成两组．移植1 wk,分别从静脉内注射生理盐水(生理盐水组) 与N-去硫酸肝素[10 mg／(kg·d)](N-去硫酸肝素组),2次／wk, 共3 wk．第6 wk处死动物,观察肿瘤转移情况,免疫组化方法检测肿瘤组织微血管密度(MVD)、VEGF的表达．结果:生理盐水组肿瘤转移率为80%,N-去硫酸肝素组转移率为20%,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)．未发现出血等副作用．生理盐水组平均微血管密度为8．0±3．1,N-去硫酸肝素治疗组平均微血管密度为4.3±1．8．经统计学处理,两组之间差别有显著意义(P<0．05)．生理盐水组VEGF阳性表达率明显高于N-去硫酸肝素治疗组,分别为90％与20％(P<0．05)．结论:N-去硫酸肝素通过抑制肿瘤组织VEGF表达和血管生成,从而抑制肿瘤的转移,并且无明显出血等不良反应．     

Melatonin prevents human pancreatic carcinoma cell PANC-1-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor expression

Abstract: Melatonin is an important natural oncostatic agent, and our previous studies have found its inhibitory action on tumor angiogenesis, but the mechanism remains unclear. It is well known that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays key roles in tumor angiogenesis and has become an important target for antitumor therapy. Pancreatic cancer is a representative of the most highly vascularized and angiogenic solid tumors, which responds poorly to chemotherapy and radiation. Thus, seeking new treatment strategies targeting which have anti‐angiogenic capability is urgent in clinical practice. In this study, a co‐culture system between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and pancreatic carcinoma cells (PANC‐1) was used to investigate the direct effect of melatonin on the tumor angiogenesis and its possible action on VEGF expression. We found HUVECs exhibited an increased cell proliferation and cell migration when co‐cultured with PANC‐1 cells, but the process was prevented when melatonin added to the incubation medium. Melatonin at concentrations of 1 μm and 1 mm inhibited the cell proliferation and migration of HUVECs and also decreased both the VEGF protein secreted to the cultured medium and the protein produced by the PANC‐1 cells. In addition, the VEGF mRNA expression was also down‐regulated by melatonin. Taken together, our present study shows that melatonin at pharmacological concentrations inhibited the elevated cell proliferation and cell migration of HUVECs stimulated by co‐culturing them with PANC‐1 cells; this was associated with a suppression of VEGF expression in PANC‐1 cells.     

回转器模拟失重对静脉内皮细胞形态、增殖和周期的影响

目的:探讨回转器模拟失重对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)形态、增殖和周期的影响。方法: 以HUVECs为研究对象,采用回转器模拟失重,在倒置显微镜下观察模拟失重后细胞形态的变化,用细胞计数法测定细胞的增殖情况,用流式细胞仪(FCM)测定细胞周期。结果: 模拟失重后,HUVECs多呈圆形,可见细胞重叠或聚集生长。回转器模拟失重后12 h、24 h和36 h,细胞周期明显阻滞在G0+G1期（P<0.05）,而细胞计数则无明显改变。结论: 模拟失重可使HUVECs的形态发生一定改变,使HUVECs的细胞周期阻滞。     

Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor-/receptor expression in myeloproliferative neoplasms: correlation with clinical parameters and JAK2-V617F mutational status

Data on angiogenesis in the bone marrow of BCR-ABL1- negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients suggest an increase of the microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, but relations to the JAK2-V617F status remain controversial. We performed immunohistochemical studies of MVD and VEGF-expression in 100 MPN, including 24 essential thrombocythemia- (ET), 46 polycythemia vera- (PV), 26 primary myelofibrosis- (PMF), four myelodysplastic (MDS)/MPN- and 20 control reactive bone marrow cases, and correlated these findings with biological and clinical key data and the JAK2-V617F status. We found significantly increased MVD, particularly that assessed by CD105, and VEGF expression in MPN compared to controls (PMF > PV > MDS/MPN > ET). We observed stronger association between CD105-MVD and VEGF expression, fibrosis, and JAK2-V617F mutant allele burden, compared to CD34-MVD. MVD was strongly increased in MPN with high JAK2-V617F mutant allele burden. Our study highlights the importance of newly formed CD105⁺ vessels in the bone marrow of MPN patients, and indicates that assessment of CD105-MVD better reflects angiogenic activity in MPN. In addition, it provides evidence that despite the fact that angiogenesis is generally independent of the JAK2-V617F status in MPN, new vessel formation might be linked to Jak2 effects in some cases with high JAK2-V617F mutant allele burden.     

Increased numbers of small circulating endothelial cells in renal cell cancer patients treated with sunitinib

Mature circulating endothelial cell (CEC) as well as endothelial progenitor populations may reflect the activity of anti-angiogenic agents on tumor neovasculature or even constitute a target for anti-angiogenic therapy. We investigated the behavior of CECs in parallel with hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the blood of renal cell cancer patients during sunitinib treatment. We analyzed the kinetics of a specific population of small VEGFR2-expressing CECs (CD45^neg/CD34^bright), HPCs (CD45^dim/CD34^bright), and monocytes in the blood of 24 renal cell cancer (RCC) patients receiving 50 mg/day of the multitargeted VEGF inhibitor sunitinib, on a 4-week-on/2-week-off schedule. Blood was taken before treatment (C1D1), on C1D14, C1D28, and on C2D1 before the start of cycle 2. Also plasma VEGF and erythropoietin (EPO) were determined. Remarkably, while CD34^bright HPCs and monocytes decreased during treatment, CD34^bright CECs increased from 69 cells/ml (C1D1) to 180 cells/ml (C1D14; P = 0.001) and remained high on C1D28. All cell populations recovered to near pre-treatment levels on C2D1. Plasma VEGF and EPO levels were increased on C1D14 and partly normalized to pre-treatment levels on C2D1. In conclusion, opposite kinetics of two circulating CD34^bright cell populations, HPCs and small CECs, were observed in sunitinib-treated RCC patients. The increase in CECs is likely caused by sunitinib targeting of immature tumor vessels. Laura Vroling and Astrid A. M. van der Veldt contributed equally to this study.     

胰腺癌组织中VEGF、PCNA与血管生成的关系及预后相关性

目的 探讨胰腺癌组织中VEGF、PCNA和血管生成的关系。方法 用免疫组织化学方法检测48例胰腺癌及癌旁组织、6例正常胰腺组织中VEGF、PCNA的表达和微血管密度（MVD）。结果 胰腺癌组织中VEGF、PCNA的阳性表达率分别为54．17％和77．5％，显著高于癌旁组织和正常组织的表达率（P〈0．01），胰腺癌组织中MVD显著高于癌旁组织和正常组织。VEGF表达与肿瘤大小和TNM分期有关（P=0．020，P=0．045），并且与MVD有相关性（r=0．294，P=0．043）。PCNA与临床病理因素无关。多元回归分析显示VEGF、PCNA和MVD都不是影响胰腺癌预后的独立因素。结论 血管生成在胰腺癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用，抗肿瘤血管生成可能会提高胰腺癌的治疗效果。     

VEGF表达与鼻咽癌血管生成、瘤细胞增殖及预后的关系

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达与鼻咽癌（NPC）血管生成、肿瘤细胞增殖及预后的关系。方法选取有明确病理诊断、临床资料完整并随访5a以上的86例NPC患者活检标本,采用免疫组织化学技术检测活检标本中VEGF、微血管密度（iMVD）和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达,并分析其与临床病理及预后的关系。结果全组VEGF阳性表达率69．9％（60／86）,与iMVD、PCNA呈显著正相关,与组织学分级、原发灶范围、淋巴结转移、临床分期及生存期亦具相关性。结论NPC组织中VEGF过表达可能参与NPC发生发展,可作为判断NPC恶性程度、侵袭能力和预后的指标。     

Autocrine vascular endothelial growth factor signalling in breast cancer. Evidence from cell lines and primary breast cancer cultures <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

Inhibition of angiogenesis has become a major target in experimental cancer therapies. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are essential for breast cancer progression and relevant targets in experimental anti-angiogenesis. VEGF, produced by carcinoma cells, acts in a paracrine fashion on endothelial cells and displays autocrine activity on carcinoma cells. Breast cancer cells express VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and their receptors VEGFR-1 (Flt-1), VEGFR-2 (Flk-1/KDR) and neuropilin (NP-1/NP-2). VEGF-A triggers cellular signalling, an invasive phenotype of certain breast cancer cell lines and influences cell survival. However, such an autocrine VEGF/VEGFR signalling loop remains to be established. We demonstrate production of VEGF-A in cell lines MDA-MB-468, T47d, MCF-7, HBL-100 and in a primary breast cancer culture. Moreover, these cells showed baseline VEGFR-2 tyrosine-phosphorylation that could be enhanced by VEGF-A stimulation. In addition, VEGF-A leads to increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt indicating that VEGF-A stimulation plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, survival and differentiation. Moreover, we have established a novel breast cancer cell culture MW1 that expresses high levels of VEGF-A. We demonstrate that VEGFR-2 on the surface of breast cancer cells is functional and is capable of being stimulated by external VEGF-A. VEGF-A production by and VEGFR-2 activation on the surface of breast cancer cells indicates the presence of a distinct autocrine signalling loop that enables breast cancer cells to promote their own growth and survival by phosphorylation and activation of VEGFR-2. Moreover, this autocrine loop represents an attractive therapeutic target. Correspondence to: Melanie Weigand, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB-470X, 364 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, USA. Tel: +1-508-856-2579; Fax: +1-508-856-1310; E-Mail: melanie_weigand@hotmail.de     

The mechanisms of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell regeneration: A possible communication system associated with vascular endothelial growth factor in liver cells

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to induce proliferation of sinusoidal endothelial cells in primary culture. To elucidate the mechanisms of sinusoidal endothelial cell regeneration in vivo, mRNA expression of VEGF and its receptors, flt-1 and KDR/flk-1, were studied in rat livers. Northern blot analysis revealed that VEGF-mRNA was expressed in hepatocytes immediately after isolation from normal rats. In contrast, non-parenchymal cells, including sinusoidal endothelial cells, expressed VEGF receptor-mRNA. Vascular endothelial growth factor-mRNA expression in hepatocytes was decreased during primary culture, but increased following a peak of DNA synthesis, induced by addition of epidermal growth factor or hepatocyte growth factor to the culture medium at 24 h of plating. In a 70% resected rat liver, VEGF-mRNA expression increased with a peak at 72 h after the operation, and mRNA expression of VEGF receptors between 72 and 168 h. In such a liver, mitosis was maximal in hepatocytes at 36 h and in sinusoidal endothelial cells at 96 h. Also, mRNA expression of both VEGF and its receptors was significantly increased in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rat liver compared with normal rat liver. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was minimal in Kupffer cells isolated from normal rats, but marked in activated Kupffer cells and hepatic macrophages from the intoxicated rats. Vascular endothelial growth factor-mRNA expression was also increased in activated stellate cells from these rats and in the cells activated during primary culture compared with quiescent cells. We conclude that increased levels of VEGF expression in regenerating hepatocytes may contribute to the proliferation of sinusoidal endothelial cells in partially resected rat liver, probably through VEGF receptors up-regulated on the cells. Also, VEGF derived from activated Kupffer cells, hepatic macrophages and stellate cells may be involved in this proliferation in injured rat liver.     

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels correlate better with tumour stage in small cell lung cancer than albumin, neuron-specific enolase or lactate dehydrogenase

OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important cytokine in the process of angiogenesis. Elevated serum levels of the cytokine may determine cancer patients who will benefit from adjuvant anti-angiogenic therapy in the future. To correlate serum levels of VEGF with tumour stage and established prognostic markers in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a prospective study was performed on 70 patients. METHODOLOGY: From August 1999 to May 2000, 70 consecutive patients (51 male, 19 female) with histologically proven SCLC were enrolled into the study. Staging of the disease included clinical investigation, bronchoscopy, chest X-ray, thoracic computed tomography and ultrasound. The patients were grouped into five stages according to the Marburg classification (very limited disease (VLD), limited disease (LD), extensive disease I (EDI), extensive disease II (EDII) and extensive disease III (EDIII)). Prior to treatment, a 10 mL serum sample from each patient was examined by ELISA to quantify levels of VEGF and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin levels were determined by photomorphometric analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Waller-Duncan k ratio t-test and Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS: Serum VEGF levels correlated well with tumour stage (P < 0.0001). Albumin levels were not correlated with tumour stage, but levels of NSE and LDH increased with stage progression. When patients were divided into two groups (VLD and LD vs EDI-III), VEGF levels were significantly lower in the initial stages of the disease compared with extensive disease (P < 0.0001). Serum levels of VEGF correlated better with tumour stage than did concentrations of NSE, LDH or albumin. CONCLUSION: Serum VEGF levels may serve as an additional prognostic marker in the course of patients with SCLC. Further studies are needed to determine whether these patients may benefit from additional anti-angiogenic therapy in the future.     

糖基化终产物对人脐静脉内皮细胞血管内皮生长因子mRNA及蛋白表达的影响

目的研究糖基化终产物（AGEs）对人脐静脉山皮细胞血管内皮生长凼子（VEGF）mRNA及蛋白表达的影响，探讨AGEs在糖尿病动脉粥样硬化中的作用。方法将人脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV304用BSA及小同浓度的AGEs孵育24h及400mg／L的AGEs孵育0、12、24及36h，采用原位杂交及Westem blot方法检测VEGFmRNA及蛋白的表达。结果人脐静脉内皮细胞在100、200及400mg／LAGEs孵育24h后，VEGFmRNA及蛋白表达均显著高于BSA对照组（P〈0．05），在用400mg／LAGEs分别孵育12．24及36h后，各组内皮细胞VEGF mRNA及蛋白表达量也明显高于0h对照组（P〈O．05）。结论AGEs可增加人脐静脉内皮细胞VEGF mRNA及蛋白的表达，且与浓度和时间呈正相关。     

Differential modulation of adhesion molecule expression by hydroxycarbamide in human endothelial cells from the micro- and macrocirculation: potential implications in sickle cell disease vasoocclusive events

Background

All the cellular partners of the vascular system and especially endothelial cells are involved in the pathophysiology of the vasoocclusive crises associated with sickle cell disease. In sickle cell disease, circulating cells adhere abnormally to endothelial cells in a chronic pro-inflammatory context. Hydroxycarbamide is the only drug with demonstrated efficacy to reduce the frequency of vasoocclusive crises. Here, we investigated the effects of hydroxycarbamide and/or cytokines on the expression of genes related to adhesion events in endothelial cells from three different vascular sites.

Design and Methods

Endothelial cells representative of the macro- (HUVEC) or microcirculation (TrHBMEC and HPMEC) were grown in the presence or absence of hydroxycarbamide and/or cytokines (TNFα and IFNγ). Expression of genes encoding adhesion proteins was analyzed by RQ-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, in situ ELISA for extracellular matrix proteins, and Western blot.

Results

In cells from the microcirculation, expression of TSP-1, vWF, and PECAM-1 genes was decreased by hydroxycarbamide and/or cytokine treatment at the mRNA level. In the macro-circulation their expression was unaffected or increased. Hydroxycarbamide significantly decreased vWF incorporated in the TrHBMEC extracellular matrix. CD36 mRNA was strongly down-regulated by cytokines in HPMEC, the only cell type in which it is expressed. Hydroxycarbamide decreased soluble PECAM-1 in HUVEC supernatants.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cell responses to hydroxycarbamide and/or cytokines depending upon their origin. They also suggest that hydroxycarbamide has an anti-adhesogenic effect on endothelial cells, but by mechanisms which could vary according to their macro- or microcirculation and organ origin.     

罗格列酮对内皮细胞单核细胞趋化蛋白-1和血管细胞黏附分子-1表达的影响

目的观察罗格列酮(RGZ)对高糖及C反应蛋白(CRP)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)及血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。方法体外培养HUVECs,细胞传至5代,随机分为7组,正常对照组(C组),高糖组(HG组),高糖+CRP组(HGC组),CRP组,高糖+RGZ组(HGR组),高糖+CRP+RGZ组(HGCR组),CRP+RGZ组(CRPR组)。采用RGZ 5.0μmol/L干预HUVECs24 h,RT-PCR、Western blot法分别检测干预前后MCP-1、VCAM-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果HG组、HGC组、CRP组HUVECs中MCP-1、VCAM-1的mRNA和蛋白水平较C组显著升高(P<0.01);RGZ干预后,HGR组、HGCR组、CRPR组分别较HG组、HGC组、CRP组MCP-1、VCAM-1的mRNA和蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论RGZ通过降低HUVECs中MCP-1、VCAM-1的表达,延缓糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的进程。