Procedural morbidity and mortality of elective coil treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To report morbidity, mortality, and angiographic results of elective coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: In a 10-year period, 176 unruptured aneurysms in 149 patients were electively treated with detachable coils. Seventy-nine aneurysms were additional to another ruptured aneurysm but were coiled more than 3 months after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 59 aneurysms were incidentally discovered, and 38 aneurysms presented with symptoms of mass effect. Mean size of the 176 unruptured aneurysms was 10.6 mm (median, 8 mm; range, 2-55 mm). One hundred thirteen aneurysms (64%) were small (<10 mm), 44 aneurysms (25%) were large (10-25 mm), and 19 aneurysms (11%) were giant (25-55 mm). Thirty wide-necked aneurysms (17%) were coiled with the aid of a supporting device. RESULTS: Procedural mortality of coiling was 1.3% (2 of 149; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-5.1%), and morbidity was 2.6% (4 of 149, 95% CI, 0.8-7.0%). The 4 patients with permanent morbidity were independent (GOS 4). Initial aneurysm occlusion was complete (100%) in 132 aneurysms, nearly complete (90%-98%) in 36 aneurysms, and incomplete (60%-85%) in 8 aneurysms. Six-month follow-up angiography was available in 132 patients with 154 coiled aneurysms (87.5%); partial reopening occurred in 25, mainly large and giant aneurysms (16.2%). Additional coiling was performed in 22 aneurysms and additional parent vessel occlusion in 1 aneurysm. There were no complications of additional treatments. CONCLUSION: Elective coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms has low procedural mortality and morbidity. For the management of unruptured aneurysms, endovascular treatment should be considered.     

Selective endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with sapphire coils

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment with detachable coils is an accepted alternative to surgical clip placement for intracranial aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and reliability of the Sapphire coil, a new platinum coil for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: Between August and September 2003, 20 consecutive patients (13 women, seven men; mean age, 49 years; range, 33-77 years) with 20 intracranial aneurysms were referred to our department for endovascular treatment. Fifteen patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, whereas five had asymptomatic, unruptured aneurysms. All patients were treated by selective endosaccular coil placement with the new coils. The remodeling technique was used in five wide-neck aneurysms. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the modified Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: Aneurysmal occlusion with the new coils alone was successful in 16 patients and resulted in 12 complete occlusions and four neck remnants. Because of the limited Sapphire product line, additional Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) were required in four patients, two of whom received one 3D GDC of 3 mm diameter and two of whom received Ultra-Soft GDCs. Technical complication (stretching of a coil) occurred in one patient. Clinical outcomes were excellent in 14 patients and good in two. CONCLUSION: Although the study was limited by its small patient population, the results show that selective endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with Sapphire coils was not associated with an unexpected incidence of adverse events. Excellent anatomic and clinical results that were obtained in most patients suggest that Sapphire coils may have value in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.     

颅内宽颈动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的：探讨血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈（GDC）治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效、治疗护理要点、安全性及并发症的防治。方法：对明确诊断为颅内宽颈动脉瘤的20例患者行血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈介入治疗。动脉瘤位置：前交通动脉瘤8例。后交通动脉瘤4例,颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤3例．大脑中动脉瘤2例．基底动脉瘤2例．颈内动脉海绵窦段合并前交通动脉瘤1例。结果：20例患者均成功释放支架,患者全部治愈出院。其中17例致密栓塞。3例大部填塞。血管造影检查：动脉瘤不显影,载瘤动脉及邻近主要血管分支通畅．均无再出血或血栓栓塞等相关并发症。结论：血管内支架结合弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效的方法．短期治疗效果肯定,正确的围手术期处理,可以提高手术的成功率,减少并发症。     

Feasibility, procedural morbidity and mortality, and long-term follow-up of endovascular treatment of 321 unruptured aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the technical feasibility, morbidity and mortality, and durability of occlusion of unruptured aneurysms treated with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) with a long-term follow-up.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1998 and January 2005, we treated 321 unruptured aneurysms with GDCs in 5 neuroradiologic institutions. During this period, 63% of unruptured aneurysms were treated by endovascular technique. Procedural feasibility, technical complications, morbidity and mortality, and acute and long-term angiographic occlusion were assessed.RESULTS: Overall technical feasibility of coiling treatment was 94%; 302 aneurysms were treated by endovascular technique. At the end of the initial procedure, acute occlusion was classified as complete in 207 cases (70%), subtotal in 84 cases (26.1%), and incomplete in 11 cases (3.9%). Ischemic complications were observed in 28 patients (9%); 8 patients (2.6%) had perforation of their aneurysms. Treatment-related morbidity was 14.4%, and morbidity with clinical complications was evaluated at 7.7% (n = 23 patients). Five patients (1.7%) died as a result of aneurysm perforation. Final follow-up angiograms, after 9 secondary treatments, demonstrated complete occlusion in 193 patients (69.5%), subtotal in 80 aneurysms (28.5%), and incomplete occlusion in 5 (1.8%). Nineteen patients were lost to follow-up (6.3%).CONCLUSION: Endovascular coiling with detachable coils is an attractive option for treatment of unruptured aneurysms. This method of treatment is safe with a low rate of complications. Prospective studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to assess the long-term durability of occlusion in unruptured aneurysms.

Asymptomatic aneurysms may be defined as incidental aneurysms found in patients with a symptomatic aneurysm (which are not responsible for the clinical presentation), patients imaged for reasons unrelated to aneurysms who happen to have an incidental aneurysm that was completely unexpected, and those found in patients investigated because they are at risk of harboring an aneurysm (familial aneurysm disease, polycystic kidney disease).^1–3 Incidental unruptured aneurysms are defined as those found unexpectedly in patients undergoing investigation for other suspected pathology.The management of unruptured aneurysms may include observation, surgery, endovascular embolization, or a combination of these. Since 1991 and the introduction of detachable coils and more recently the results of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial,^4,5 endovascular treatment is an accepted alternative to surgical treatment of intracranial ruptured aneurysms. The question remains, however, as to which treatment offers the better outcome and what risks are involved. Surgical treatment, which has been in use for more than 40 years, has fairly clearly defined risks and morbidity.⁶ Endovascular treatment appears to offer lower risks but is still developing. Most recent evidence on the relative risks of treatment and of observation comes from the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (ISUIA).⁷ The treating physician must weigh the natural history of aneurysms and the potential consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with the efficacy, morbidity, and mortality of the intervention. Ideally, the morbidity and mortality rate of endovascular treatment should be lower than that of the natural history rupture rate. A measure of complications caused by the treatment itself would be ideal so that the impact of therapy could be isolated from other aspects of presentation or medical care.     

HyperForm remodeling-balloon for endovascular treatment of wide-neck intracranial aneurysms

A new, very compliant remodeling balloon microcatheter has been developed for the treatment of difficult wide-neck intracranial aneurysms (eg, arterial bifurcation or small artery aneurysms). We report selective embolization by the use of the remodeling technique with the HyperForm balloon in 16 consecutive patients with a wide-neck intracranial aneurysm located on an arterial bifurcation or a small artery or both.     

颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的手术配合

目的总结颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗术中护理配合的经验。方法对145例采用弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的患者进行术前充分准备、规范的术中护理配合,包括心理护理、生命体征监测、并发症预防及处理等。结果经过介入治疗及规范的术中护理配合,本组术中4例血管痉挛,2例血栓形成,3例动脉瘤破裂,经及时有效处理后,均成功完成栓塞治疗。结论规范的术中护理配合、生命体征的监护、并发症的预防及及时有效处理等均是保证手术成功的关键。     

颅内微小动脉瘤血管内介入治疗研究进展

一直以来,颅内微小动脉瘤(最大横径≤3 mm)的血管内介入治疗存在很大争议.由于微小动脉瘤腔小、壁薄,介入治疗存在很大的技术难度和风险.近年来,随着栓塞材料及栓塞技术的进步,血管内介入技术在颅内微小动脉瘤治疗中的应用被广泛接受,并逐渐成为一种安全、有效的治疗方法[1-4].本文对颅内微小动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗进展进行综述.     

Outcome after endovascular therapy of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: morbidity and impact of rebleeding

We evaluated midterm functional outcome after endovascular occlusion of aneurysms in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and determined the incidence of late rebleeding as an additional prognostic parameter. We treated 79 consecutive patients with SAH from an intracranial aneurysm admitted from a neurological intensive care unit by the endovascular route between 1993 and 1997 and 52 survivors were followed up in 1999-2000. The mean interval between SAH and follow-up was 41 months (range 13-74 months). Outcome was determined by the Glasgow outcome (GOS) and Rankin (RS) scales and by questions concerning neuropsychological disorders. The patients were analysed according to Hunt and Hess (H & H) grades I-III or IV-V on admission. We observed two episodes of rebleeding (3%) with impact on outcome at 907 and 2010 days after SAH, respectively. A complete recovery (GOS 5) was achieved in 53% of H & H grade I-III and 17% of grade IV-V patients; with death rates 19% and 50%, and morbidity according to the RS (5-2) 18% and 29%, respectively. Midterm morbidity after endovascular therapy is thus low. Rebleeding with an impact on outcome can be observed up to 2010 days after SAH, suggesting that long-term angiographic follow-up is indispensable.     

Circumferential and fusiform intracranial aneurysms: reconstructive endovascular treatment with self-expandable stents

INTRODUCTION: We report our experience with endovascular treatment (EVT) of circumferential and fusiform intracranial aneurysms by a reconstructive approach with self-expandable stents. METHODS: A retrospective review of our prospectively maintained database identified all circumferential and fusiform aneurysms treated by a reconstructive endovascular approach over a 3-year period. Clinical charts, procedural data, and angiographic results were reviewed. RESULTS: From April 2004 to May 2007, 13 patients were identified, of whom 12 were asymptomatic and 1 presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Two patients with an aneurysm 相似文献   

In-hospital morbidity and mortality after endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the United States, 1996-2000: effect of hospital and physician volume

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular therapy is increasingly being used for the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Our purpose was to determine the risk of adverse outcomes after contemporary endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the United States. Patient, treating physician, and hospital characteristics were tested as potential outcome predictors, with particular attention paid to volume of care. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study by using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1996-2000. Multivariate logistic and ordinal regressions were used with end points of mortality, discharge other than to home, length of stay, and total hospital charges. RESULTS: Four hundred twenty-one patients underwent endovascular treatment at 81 hospitals. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.7%, and 7.6% were discharged to institutions other than home. Analysis was adjusted for age, sex, race, primary payer, year of treatment, and four variables measuring acuity of treatment and medical comorbidity. Median annual number of unruptured aneurysms treated was nine per hospital and three per treating physician. Higher volume hospitals had fewer adverse outcomes; discharge other than to home occurred after 5.2% of operations at high volume hospitals (>23 admissions per year) compared with 17.6% at low volume hospitals (fewer than four admissions per year) (P<.001). Higher physician volume had a similar effect (0% versus 16.4%, P=.03). The mortality rate was lower at high volume hospitals (1.0% versus 3.7%) but not significantly so. At high volume hospitals, length of stay was shorter (P<.001) and total hospital charges were lower (P<.001). CONCLUSION: For patients with unruptured aneurysms treated in the United States from 1996 to 2000, endovascular treatment at high volume institutions or by high volume physicians was associated with significantly lower morbidity rates and modestly lower mortality rates. Length of stay was shorter and total hospital charges lower at high volume centers.     

Single-center experience of surgical and endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:ISAT provided valuable data on patient outcome after endovascular coiling and surgical clipping of ruptured aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the ≥1-year outcome (in terms of survival, independence, and rebleeding) of patients who were treated in a routine clinical setting.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Records of patients presenting with an SAH from a ruptured aneurysm between 2000 and 2008 were reviewed. The 403 patients who met the inclusion criteria harbored 443 treated aneurysms; 173 were managed surgically and 230 by endovascular means. Mean clinical follow-up was 33.9 months (range, 12–106 months).RESULTS:The pretreatment clinical condition according to the HH was significantly better in the surgically treated patients (P = .018). Death occurred in 11.6% after surgery and in 17.4% after endovascular treatment (P = .104). Of the surviving patients in the surgical and endovascular groups, 80.3% and 87.2%, respectively, were able to live independently with grades 0–2 on the mRS (P = .084). Complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved significantly more often after surgical treatment (P < .001). Rebleeding occurred in 3.1% and 2.3% of the patients after surgical treatment and endovascular coiling, respectively. The occurrence of a residual aneurysm at the end of a coiling procedure was significantly related to the frequency of rebleeding (P = .007).CONCLUSIONS:The management of patients with intracranial aneurysms in a routine clinical setting shows good and comparable rates of mortality and independence. Coiling results in lower rates of complete aneurysm occlusion. Postcoiling angiography showing a residual aneurysm is a good predictor of the risk of rebleeding.

Intracranial aneurysms are an important health problem worldwide, affecting about 2% of the population.¹ Treatment consists of the exclusion of the malformation from the intracranial circulation to eliminate the risk of bleeding or rebleeding. Intracranial aneurysms can be treated by endovascular coiling or by surgical clipping. Since the introduction of GDCs,^1,2 endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has evolved rapidly as an alternative to microsurgical clipping. Coiling has become the preferential treatment since the ISAT demonstrated its clinical superiority over clipping in patients with a ruptured aneurysm who were eligible for both treatments.^3–6 However, many patients are preferentially treated by either neurosurgery (eg, MCA aneurysms) or by endovascular treatment (eg, posterior circulation aneurysms).⁷ Moreover, coiling achieves lower rates of complete occlusion compared with microsurgical clipping, which may affect the long-term stability and rates of rebleeding.^8–11The results of ISAT were based on a selected patient population suitable for both endovascular and surgical treatment in a trial setting. Little data are available on the outcome of patients who are either endovascularly or surgically treated in a routine clinical practice. In our center, intracranial aneurysms are treated either by surgical or by endovascular means, according to a decision reached by a multidisciplinary team that includes a neurologist, neurosurgeon, and interventional radiologist. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to review the outcome of a consecutive cohort of patients who were either endovascularly or surgically treated for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm in a routine clinical setting. The outcome was determined by rates of survival, independence, retreatment, and rebleeding after ≥1 year of clinical follow-up.     

烟雾病合并颅内血流相关性动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的探讨烟雾病合并颅内血流相关性动脉瘤的血管内治疗。方法 2010年1月—2012年3月收治8例烟雾病合并颅内动脉瘤患者,经CT检查证实6例为蛛网膜下腔出血,1例为脑室内出血,1例为缺血症状。对患者行血管内栓塞治疗,其中采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞5例,支架辅助栓塞1例(基底动脉顶宽颈动脉瘤),氰基丙烯酸正丁酯液态胶栓塞1例,1例失败。结果 7个动脉瘤位于Willis环周围,1个动脉瘤位于胼周动脉远段分支动脉。8例中,7例经血管内栓塞治疗成功,动脉瘤栓塞术后5 min复查造影,完全栓塞4例,几乎完全栓塞2例,不完全栓塞1例,术后随访结果良好。结论血管腔内栓塞治疗烟雾病合并颅内动脉瘤安全、有效,对外周动脉型动脉瘤也可予栓塞治疗。     

Intracranial arterial aneurysms associated with arteriovenous malformations: endovascular treatment

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of endovascular treatment of patients having both arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred seventy consecutive patients underwent pretherapeutic selective and superselective angiography. In each patient, the following were recorded: demographic information; clinical symptoms; location of the arteriovenous malformation, including presence of aneurysms; therapeutic interventions and immediate anatomic results; and clinical and angiographic follow-up data. Every patient who had at least one angiographically confirmed arterial aneurysm at presentation was included in the study. RESULTS: Arterial aneurysms were found in 30 (11%) of 270 patients in the population with arteriovenous malformations. Fifteen (50%) of 30 patients with aneurysms had a hemorrhage at presentation. Only 66 (27.5%) of 240 patients without aneurysms had a hemorrhage at presentation. The coexistence of arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms correlated significantly with intracranial hemorrhage at presentation (P <.05). When an aneurysm was believed to be responsible for a hemorrhage and whenever possible, it was treated before the arteriovenous malformation was treated. Treatments were protective against hemorrhage or recurrence of hemorrhage in all cases. Five of 30 patients had neurologic deficits as a result of endovascular treatment of both aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. CONCLUSION: Findings in this study highlight the importance of recognizing aneurysms in patients with arteriovenous malformations. A strategic focus on the circulatory exclusion of associated aneurysms, especially when such lesions have been responsible for a hemorrhagic episode, is recommended.     

Three-dimensional packing with complex orbit coils for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms is too often associated with aneurysm recurrence due to coil compaction. High packing of coils prevents compaction. To increase the packing attenuation, we sought to evaluate the results of selective embolization of aneurysms with complex-shaped coils alone. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients with an intracranial aneurysm were treated by selective embolization. There were 12 women and eight men, with a mean age of 48 years. Fourteen patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, whereas six were asymptomatic. Mean size of aneurysms was 5 mm (range, 3-11 mm). In all cases, we tried to pack the aneurysm with complex coils only (Orbit, Cordis, Miami Lakes, FL), delivered in a concentric fashion. Remodeling technique was used in two cases of wide-neck aneurysms. Clinical and anatomic outcome were assessed by using the modified Glasgow outcome scale and 6-month MR angiography (MRA). RESULTS: From two to five complex coils were delivered within the aneurysms. Occlusion by using complex coils alone was successful in 16 patients, and resulted in 14 complete occlusions and two neck remnants. In four patients, additional helical Orbit coils or Guglielmi detachable coils were required to complete aneurysm obliteration. No technical complication occurred, and clinical outcome was excellent in 14 cases and good in two. Follow-up MRAs were obtained in all patients and showed only one slight recanalization. CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial aneurysms may be treated by selective embolization with complex coils only. Imaging follow-up at 6 months shows a low rate of coil compaction.     

Onyx联合支架辅助弹簧圈治疗复杂性颅内破裂动脉瘤

目的 探讨应用Onyx联合支架辅助弹簧圈治疗颅内复杂破裂动脉瘤的可行性和疗效.方法 回顾性分析2例应用Onyx联合支架辅助弹簧圈技术方法,进行治疗的颅内复杂破裂动脉瘤.并对Onyx栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤相关文献进行回顾.结果 应用该技术栓塞治疗2例复杂性颅内动脉瘤(1例为右侧颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤,1例为颈内动脉前壁复发动脉...     

A computerised relational database for auditing endovascular treatment of patients with intracranial aneurysms

We describe the development and design of a database for auditing patients with intracranial aneurysms and their endovascular treatment. The database has been used since 1992. Our department's version now contains records of over 800 patients and well over 1000 aneurysms. The advantages of a relational database for this type of audit are discussed. Copies of the software can be obtained free of charge from the authors. Received: 16 November 1999/Accepted: 28 February 2000