Multiple biological complex of alkaline extract of the leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder

Previous studies have shown anti-inflammatory potential of alkaline extract of the leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder (SE). The aim of the present study was to clarity the molecular entity of SE, using various fractionation methods. SE inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), but not tumour necrosis factor-α by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage-like cells. Lignin carbohydrate complex prepared from SE inhibited the NO production to a comparable extent with SE, whereas chlorophyllin was more active. On successive extraction with organic solvents, nearly 90% of SE components, including chlorophyllin, were recovered from the aqueous layer. Anti-HIV activity of SE was comparable with that of lignin-carbohydrate complex, and much higher than that of chlorophyllin and n-butanol extract fractions. The CYP3A inhibitory activity of SE was significantly lower than that of grapefruit juice and chlorophyllin. Oral administration of SE slightly reduced the number of oral bacteria. When SE was applied to HPLC, nearly 70% of SE components were eluted as a single peak. These data suggest that multiple components of SE may be associated with each other in the native state or after extraction with alkaline solution.     

Antiviral, antibacterial and vitamin C-synergized radical-scavenging activity of Sasa senanensis Rehder extract

Sasa senanensis Rehder extract (SE) showed slightly higher cytotoxicity against human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and human glioblastoma cell lines, as compared with human oral normal cells (gingival fibroblast, pulp cell, periodontal ligament fibroblast), and was more cytotoxic to human myelogenous and T-cell leukemia cell lines. SE showed a bacteriostatic effect on Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia, but almost completely eliminated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) produced by these bacteria. SE protected human T-cell leukemia MT-4 cells from the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and its anti-HIV activity was much higher than that of tannins and flavonoids, comparable with that of natural and synthetic lignins. SE also protected the MDCK cells from the cytopathic effect of influenza virus infection. SE synergistically enhanced the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity of vitamin C. The present study suggests the functionality of SE as a complementary alternative medicine.     

Inhibitory effects of Sasa senanensis Rehder extract (SE) on calcium-ionophore A23187-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells.

The effects of Sasa senanensis Rehder extract (SE) by alkaline hydrolysis on histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) were examined. Preincubation with SE for 5 min suppressed calcium-ionophore A23187-induced histamine release in a concentration-dependent manner. A23187 evoked a quick increase in cytoplasmic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels in the presence of extracellular calcium. Preincubation with SE also had an inhibitory effect on calcium influx increases induced by A23187. These results indicate that SE prevents degranulation from rat PECs by inhibiting [Ca2+]i level elevation.     

Antidiabetic Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Capparis sepiaria L Leaves

Capparis sepiaria L, a profusely branched hedge plant, is used in Indian traditional medicine. Capparis sepiaria leaves were extracted with ethanol and concentrated to dryness. The LD₅₀ value was determined as 894.43 mg/kg body weight by acute toxicity study. The ethanol extract was investigated for possible hypoglycemic effect produced by single oral administration at various dose levels 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and compared against normal saline control and the standard glibenclamide. A maximum fall of plasma glucose level 9.40%; 13.57%; 15.25% and 18.80% was observed after 12 h of treatment when administered with ethanol extract of Capparis sepiaria at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, and glibenclamide 10 mg/kg dose, respectively. The findings from the study suggest that the Capparis sepiaria leaves may be prescribed as an adjunct to traditional formulation and drug treatment for controlling diabetes mellitus.     

Antiulcer Activity of the Crude Extract from the Leaves of Casearia Sylvestris

In rats, administration of Casearia sylvestris extract derived from fresh and dried leaves protects stomach mucosa without changing gastric pH. In stress-induced acute lesions, the preventive effect of extract from dried leaves is more effective than extract from fresh leaves. In acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer, both extracts reduce the size of ulceration and increase the number of collagen fibers after 5 days of treatment, and these effects are similar with both extracts. These antiulcer activities of Casearia sylvestris may be due to the presence of volatile oils, tannins and triterpenerelated compounds.     

人工虫草碱提取物的降血糖作用研究

人工虫草菌丝的碱(1.25 mol·L~(-1)NaOH)提醇沉淀物CsOH(产率2.58％)经纸层析(PPC)和气相层析分析证实为含5种单糖的杂多糖。口服给予CsOH在剂量500、250mg·kg~(-1)时和腹腔给予CsOH在剂量100、50 mg·kg~(-1)时对正常小鼠、四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠和链脲佐菌素糖尿病模型小鼠均有显著的降血糖作用.且呈现一定的量效关系。     

Antidiarrhoeal Activity of the Alcoholic Extract of the Leaves of Butea frondosa Koen. Ex Roxb

The study evaluated the antidiarrhoeal property of the alcohol extract of Butea frondosa leaf on mice and rats. Studies revealed that at a dose of 25 and 75 mg/kg a considerable reduction in the extent of diarrhoea was observed but at a dose of 100 mg/kg the animals appeared completely constipated when subjected to castor oil induced diarrhoea and intestinal motility model. Therefore, Butea frondosa can be regarded as an effective antidiarrhoeal.     

Evaluation of Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Supercritical Fluid Extract of Leaves of Vitex negundo

Supercritical fluid extract of leaves of Vitex negundo was tested for its antimicrobial potential and was compared with that of ethanol extract, ether extract and hydrodistilled oil of leaves. The chemical constituents of extracts were studied by chromatographic techniques. Extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial potential against bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and yeast Candida albicans. Extracts showed prominent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Supercritical fluid extract exhibited good antibacterial potential.     

Cardiovascular Effects of the n-Butanol Extract from Kalanchoe Crenata Leaves

The present work examined the effects of the n-butanol extract from the leaves of Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haworth (Crassulaceae) on rat blood pressure and guinea pig papillary muscle contraction and action potential. When administered intravenously at doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg, the n-butanol extract of K. crenata leaves induced a significant transient fall in blood pressure and significantly reduced the cardiac rate for about 10 min. Concomitantly, the extract significantly increased the PR, QRS, and QT intervals of the electrocardiogram (ECG). At concentrations of 300 and 1,000 μ g/ml, the n-butanol extract was found to increase the amplitude of electrical contraction of papillary muscle by 137.6 and 223.0%, respectively. When tested on the ventricular myocardiac cell action potential, the extract (100 μ g/ml) significantly and time dependently delayed the repolarization without affecting the amplitude. Indeed, the 10%, 60%, and 90% repolarization times were respectively increased by 131.6%, 78.6%, and 52.7%. The bradycardic effect of the n-butanol extract may result from the increase of the PR, QRS, and QT intervals which are in accord with the delay in action potential repolarization observed in in vitro studies. The data obtained in the in vitro studies suggest that K. crenata possess potassium channel blockade properties that may account for its cardiac properties.     

Hypoglycaemic Activity of an Aqueous Extract from Ficus Carica (Fig Tree) Leaves in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

To investigate the hypoglycaemic activity of Ficus carica leaf aqueous extract, a decoction was administred to rats in lieu of drinking water for three weeks. The groups were: untreated non-diabetic (n = 13), untreated diabetic (n = 13), treated non-diabetic (n =13) and treated diabetic (n = 13) animals. The extract decreased (p < 0.025) plasma glucose in diabetic (27.9 ± 4.5 mmol/L to 19.6 ± 9.9 mmol/L) while not in normal rats. Plasma insulin levels were decreased by treatment (p < 0.05) in non-diabetic rats from 4.9± 1.6 ng/mL to 3.3 ± 1.2 ng/mL. Glucose uptake (µmol/min) by rat hindquarters perfused was: 5.9 ± 2.2 (untreated non-diabetic rats), 4.8 ± 2.3 (treated non-diabetic rats, p < 0.05 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats), 2.0 ± 2.0 (untreated diabetic rats, p < 0.01 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats) and 4.1 ± 3.6 (treated diabetic rats) in absence of insulin; 7.0 ± 1.7 (untreated non-diabetic rats), 8.3 ± 0.8 (treated non-diabetic rats, p < 0.05 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats), 5.0 ± 1.6 (untreated diabetic rats, p < 0.05 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats) and 6.4 ± 2.4 (treated diabetic rats) in presence of insulin. Lactate released was lower in untreated diabetic vs. untreated non-diabetic rats. Thus, Ficus carica extract showed a clear hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic rats. Such an effect cannot be mediated by an enhanced insulin secretion, so an as yet undefined insulin-like peripheral effect, may be suggested.     

人参叶提取物的制备工艺研究

目的 优选从人参叶提取纯化人参叶提取物的工艺条件及参数. 方法 采用正交实验法确定人参叶的提取工艺,运用静态吸附法优选树脂. 同时用动态吸附法考察样品液浓度、流速、吸附容量等因素对树脂动态吸附性能的影响,并对D101大孔吸附树脂脱附性能进行考察. 用高效液相色谱法测定人参皂苷Re的含量、用质量法计算人参皂苷得率. 结果提取工艺:取人参叶粗段,加入12倍原药材量的50%乙醇,采用热回流法提取2次,每次提取2 h. 纯化工艺:选择D101大孔吸附树脂(4 cm×16 cm,柱体积140 mL,死体积30 mL)进行树脂动态吸附性能考察,上样浓度为相当于原药材0.4 g•mL^-1,最大上样量为160 mL,吸附流速为1.5 BV•h^-1,上样吸附后,分别用6 BV的水、40%乙醇、95%乙醇洗脱,40%乙醇的洗脱部位合并,减压浓缩、干燥,即得提取物. 结论 该提取工艺简便易行,可用于人参叶中人参皂苷的提取纯化.     

滇黄芩茎叶乙醇提取物及其不同溶剂萃取部位的抗氧化和降脂活性研究

目的:研究滇黄芩茎叶乙醇提取物及其不同溶剂萃取部位的抗氧化活性和降脂活性.方法:取滇黄芩茎叶用95％乙醇回流提取,得乙醇提取物;取上述提取物,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,回收溶剂得到不同溶剂萃取部位.以维生素C(Vc)为阳性对照,采用羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基...     

Antiurolithiatic Activity of Salix taxifolia Aqueous Extract

The aqueous extract of the bark of Salix taxifolia was tested for antilithiatic and diuretic activities. Urolithiasis was experimentally induced by implantation of a zinc disc in the urinary bladder of rats. A significant decrease in the weight of the stones was observed after treatment in animals with the aqueous extract. This extract caused an increase in the 24h urine volume.     

Alkaline Hydrolysis Kinetics and No-Donor Activity of Tenonitrozole

The kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)-2-thiophenylcarboxamide (tenonitrozole or atrican) has been studied by photometric and polarographic techniques, and the thermodynamic parameters in the intermediate state of this process were determined. A mechanism explaining the nitric oxide (NO) production during the hydrolytic decomposition of tenonitrozole is proposed. It is suggested that the antiprotozoal and antimicrobial activity of this drug under anaerobic conditions is related to the formation of nitro radical anions and NO. Under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions, the hydrolysis of tenonitrozole may lead to the formation of a peroxynitrite anion, which is a strong cytotoxic agent. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 15 – 18, June, 2005.     

Analgesic Activity of Caesalpinia bonducella Flower Extract

Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Leguminosae) flower extract (CBFE) was administered orally (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) and tested for analgesic and antipyretic activities in adult mice and rats. Analgesic activity was investigated in capsaicin-induced pain, formalin-induced pain, acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate test, and tail flick test. Antipyretic activity was tested in Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extract was found to have significant antinociceptive effect in inflammatory phase of formalin-induced pain and acetic acid-induced parietal pain.     

Anticestodal Activity of Trifolium repens. Extract

ABSTRACT

Trifolium repens. L. is an herbal plant that is used in the folk medicine of the Naga tribes of India as a deworming remedy. This study deals with evaluating its anticestodal activity using experimental Hymenolepis diminuta. Rudolphi infections in albino rats. Doses of T. repens. aerial shoots extract 200 and 500?mg/kg reduced the mean fecal egg counts of H. diminuta. by 47.72% and 54.59% and worm recovery rate by 60.00% and 40.00%, respectively. Praziquantel, the standard cestocidal drug, reduced the mean fecal egg count by 65.90% and worm recovery rate by 26.67%. The study suggests that the aerial shoots of T. repens. bear anticestodal properties and supports its use in the traditional medicine system.     

Antimicrobial Activity of Millingtonia Hortensis Leaf Extract

Polar extracts of the leaves of Millingtonia hortensis showed good antimicrobial activity. Twenty different bacterial strains and two yeast cultures were used. The aqueous alcohol extract showed good activity against all microbes tested, particularly Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium , both Gram-negative bacteria, with MIC values of 6.25 µg/ml. The activity is compared with known antibiotics such as gentamycin and nystatin.